球囊扩张及内支架成形术治疗气管良恶性狭窄的临床应用

目的 评价X线监视下内支架成形术和球囊扩张术治疗良恶性气管狭窄的临床意义.方法 回顾分析45例气道狭窄患者,其中恶性气管狭窄37例,包括纵隔淋巴结转移14例、食管癌13例、肺癌4例、支气管腺癌3例、淋巴瘤2例、喉癌1例;良性气管狭窄8例,包括支气管内膜结核6例、胸骨后甲状腺腺瘤1例、气管插管后1例.对其中38例患者行气道内支架成形术,7例患者行球囊扩张术.所有操作均在X线透视下完成.结果 38例患者共放置53枚支架,除1例死于痰液窒息外,其他患者术后临床症状均即刻缓解,随访无支架移位;4例患者发生再狭窄,分别行再次内支架成形术和球囊扩张术.7例患者共行19次球囊扩张术,术后症状明显缓解,无复发.平均随访24.5个月(0～124个月),31例因疾病死亡,无与支架或球囊扩张相关死亡病例.结论 X线透视下行内支架成形术和球囊扩张术是治疗良恶性气管狭窄的安全、快速、有效方法.     

镍钦记忆合金支架治疗气管支气管结核性狭窄的临床经验

近年来肺结核并发气管支气管结核发病率有增多趋势.笔者对57例经高频电切及球囊扩张仍不能解除气道阻塞的气管支气管结核性狭窄患者,采用镍钛记忆合金支架进行治疗,取得良好疗效,总结报告如下.     

气管狭窄及其介入治疗

气管及其周围的多种病变可造成气管狭窄,后果严重,介入治疗技术的成功应用为气管狭窄提供了有效的治疗方法 .目前,内支架成形术和球囊扩张成形术已经成为治疗气管狭窄的安全、有效方法 .     

结核性支气管狭窄:气囊支气管成形术治疗

作者报告两例结核性支气管狭窄病人在局麻下行气囊扩张治疗的方法。其中1例58岁男性,因肺结核并左主支气管狭窄行抗痨治疗,但病人有持续性用力性呼吸困难。入院后先作了左主支气管狭窄的成形术。在术后16个月的随访期中仍呈进行性呼吸困难。支气管镜示在原成形术的部位有向心性狭窄。一月后进行气囊扩张。方法如下:用一种可弯曲的支气管镜注入15ml对比剂(Propyliodon)显示出狭窄的部位及支气     

食管恶性狭窄内支架治疗和良性狭窄球囊扩张后的随访评价

目的　评价食管恶性狭窄内支架治疗和良性狭窄球囊扩张后的长期随访疗效。方法92例食管狭窄做了内支架或球囊扩张 ,有较完整的随访资料。 5 9例恶性食管狭窄均置入了内支架 ,其中置入支架前后行放射治疗 (简称放疗 )和 (或 )化学药物治疗 (简称化疗 ) 3 7例 ,占 63 % ;3 3例良性食管狭窄做了单纯球囊扩张治疗。内支架置入类型 :国产镍钛记忆合金网孔支架 2 4例 ,带膜支架2 2例 ;国产GianturcoZ形支架 7例 ,带膜支架 4例 ;Ultreflex支架 2例。门诊行食管造影和内窥镜检查随访 78例 ,14例通过电话或信件随访。结果　本组病例经过 1～ 4 1个月的随访观察 ,仅 1例支架发生轻度移位 ,但仍能覆盖病变全长。食管恶性狭窄 17例死亡 ,术后生存时间 2～ 3 0个月 ,平均 8 2个月。死亡原因 :肿瘤多脏器转移 15例 ,心肌梗死 1例 ,其他原因引起死亡 1例。恶性食管狭窄内支架置入后再狭窄 11例 ,因食物在支架内阻塞 1例 ,发生食管 气管瘘 1例 ,因肿瘤组织生长发生狭窄 8例 ,因支架上端组织增生发生狭窄 1例。发生再狭窄的 11例均再次做了内支架置入或球囊扩张治疗。结论　中晚期食管癌内支架置入是解除吞咽困难有效的姑息治疗方法 ,应用带膜支架和同时行放疗、化疗可防止因肿瘤生长而发生再狭窄 ,延缓患者生命。球囊扩     

切割球囊成形术治疗冠脉小血管病变

目的　探讨切割球囊成形术在冠脉小血管病变治疗中的临床价值。方法　以正常参考血管直径≤ 2 .7mm为小血管标准。应用切割球囊成形术治疗 2 2例患者的 2 5处病变。结果　 2 5处病变中 ,切割球囊成形术成功治疗 2 1处 (84% ) ,其中 7处因严重狭窄而予直径 1.5mm的常规球囊预扩张。2处因发生严重撕裂影响血流行补救性支架植入术 ;1处对角支开口病变 ,切割球囊成形术成功 ,但在前降支植入支架后残余狭窄增加至 70 % ,尝试再次通过导引钢丝失败 ;1处因近段血管严重扭曲切割球囊未能通过。住院期间未发生死亡和急性心肌梗死。平均随访 (7.3± 3.0 )个月 (3～ 12个月 ) ,5例患者复发心绞痛 ,3例行冠脉造影复查 :1例为补救性支架植入术后再狭窄 ,再次予切割球囊成形术治疗成功 ;1例对角支开口病变因前降支支架再狭窄而完全闭塞 ;1例为其他冠脉新发病变。结论　切割球囊成形术安全可靠 ,为治疗冠脉小血管病变提供了一个有效的途径     

球囊扩张治疗输尿管狭窄172例临床观察

目的评价逆行球囊导管扩张输尿管狭窄的治疗效果。方法采用球囊导管对172例输尿管狭窄患者进行扩张治疗,以上病例分为两组,原发性输尿管狭窄组与继发性狭窄组,均采用逆行法,扩张后均留置双J管。结果155例扩张成功,症状和肾积水缓解,肾功能改善,17例拔出双J管后发生再狭窄,其中6例患者严重再狭窄,肾积水加重需手术治疗。结论腔内球囊扩张治疗输尿管狭窄是一种安全有效、简便易行的方法。     

球囊扩张成形术在小儿食管狭窄中的应用

目的 总结球囊扩张成形术在小儿食管狭窄治疗中的应用,评价其安全性、有效性和影响疗效的因素.方法 回顾性分析30例小儿食管狭窄行球囊扩张成形术的临床资料,其中先天性食管闭锁术后吻合口狭窄20例,先天性食管下段狭窄5例,误服强碱食管腐蚀伤后狭窄5例.按扩张次数将患儿分为3组,A组18例,行1次球囊扩张,均为先天性食管闭锁术后吻合口狭窄患儿;B组7例,行2～3次球囊扩张,主要为先天性食管狭窄和先天性食管闭锁术后吻合口狭窄患儿;C组5例,行4～6次球囊扩张,为食管化学性烧灼伤患儿.扩张前行上消化道造影检查,明确病灶部位及狭窄程度,分别使用不同规格球囊进行扩张;扩张后复查造影进行对照分析了解扩张效果,分析各组间病因、食管狭窄长度和狭窄食管直径对扩张效果的影响.结果 30例患儿共接受62次扩张,平均每例扩张2.1次(1～6次).27例患儿扩张后呕吐症状明显改善,体重明显增加;3例化学性烧灼伤患儿疗效不佳,转而进行手术治疗,全部患儿未发生穿孔、呕血或黑便等并发症.A、B、C3组患儿食管扩张前狭窄段平均直径分别为:4.0 mm(3.0 ～ 5.0),4.3 mm(2.5 ～ 6.0)和4.4 mm(4.0～5.0),平均狭窄段长度分别为(1.18±0.59)cm,(1.53±0.49)cm和(7.50±2.89)cm.3组扩张成功率分别为18/18、7/7和2/5.C组患儿食管狭窄段长度显著大于其他两组,P＜ 0.05.C组患儿扩张有效率显著低于A、B组(P＜ 0.01).结论 球囊扩张成形术治疗小儿食管狭窄操作简便,安全有效,可以有效地解除患儿的食管狭窄症状,是治疗小儿食管狭窄的首选方法.食管闭锁术后吻合口狭窄和先天性食管狭窄患儿扩张有效率高;化学性烧灼伤患儿需要反复多次扩张和再手术.     

成人和儿童纤维支气管镜治疗支气管结核病的效果

目的：比较成人和儿童在纤维支气管镜治疗支气管结核病（ EBTB ）的疗效。方法将50例患者随机分为A组和B组各25例，A组为全身化疗联合成人纤维支气管镜局部治疗，B组为全身化疗联合儿童纤维支气管镜局部治疗。结果根据对临床表现、影像学检查、支气管镜检查以及痰检评价这四个方面比较，A组治疗效果更有效率。结论全身化疗和儿童纤维支气管镜治疗比全身化疗和成人纤维支气管镜更有效。     

肝静脉阻塞型布-加综合征误诊误治原因分析

目的 探讨肝静脉阻塞型布-加综合征(HVBCS)临床症状、影像学特征及误治分析.方法 13例误治的HVBCS患者,5例行下腔静脉球囊扩张术,8例行下腔静脉支架植入.分析13例患者临床症状、体征及影像学资料,经DSA造影进一步证实后予肝静脉成形术.结果 所有患者均有不同程度的门静脉高压表现,无明显下腔静脉阻塞症状.CT或(和)MRI示肝尾状叶明显增大,DSA示下腔静脉呈外压性狭窄.13例均成功实施肝静脉成形术;其中4例行单纯PTA,9例行PTA 支架,术后所有患者临床症状与体征完全消失或明显改善.结论 HVBCS的下腔静脉狭窄不是其本身病变,而是肝尾状叶代偿性增大压迫所致.肝静脉成形术是一种正确的、安全、有效的治疗方法.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.