早期乳腺癌临床诊断分析

 目的 探讨早期乳腺癌临床特点,寻找提高早期乳腺癌诊断率的方法.方法 回顾性分析69例早期乳腺癌的临床资料.结果 乳腺局限性增厚42例(61%),可触及结节者仅24例(34.8%);有乳腺增生病史伴增生症状加重者50例(72.5%).钼靶X线单纯钙化27例(39.1%),肿块结节影11例(15.9%).56例(81.2%)超声检出边界不规则低回声结节,78.6%的结节内或周围可测到血流信号.25例通过空芯针穿刺获得诊断,44例由超声或钼靶定位后手术活检确诊.结论 高危因素妇女乳腺增生症状加重、乳腺局限性增厚是早期乳腺癌的重要表现;彩色多普勒超声对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值可能优于钼靶X线检查;及时对乳腺结节、局限性增厚等可疑病灶行组织学穿刺活检或在超声、钼靶定位后手术活检,可提高早期乳腺癌的诊断率.     

高频超声与X线钼靶对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的 分析比较高频超声、X线钼靶单独及两者联合应用对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值.方法 体检发现乳腺包块、怀疑乳腺肿瘤的258例患者,行高频超声、X线钼靶的单独检查和联合检查,并行手术治疗.对照分析手术病理与影像学表现.结果 258例患者,手术病理证实早期乳腺恶性肿瘤135例,良性乳腺肿瘤123例.对于诊断早期乳腺癌,联合检查的敏感性优于单独的高频超声检查或X线钼靶检查(P<0.05),准确性优于X线钼靶检查(P<0.05),特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、假阳性、假阴性等指标3组间均无显著差异(P均>0.05).对于早期乳腺癌患者,高频超声和X线钼靶相比,检出的钙化灶较少(18.3% vs 36.5%,P<0.01),能够发现更多的乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移(69.0% vs 33.3%,P<0.01).结论 高频超声与X线钼靶的单独和联合检查对于早期乳腺恶性肿瘤均为可靠的影像学诊断方法,联合应用诊断早期乳腺癌具有较高的敏感性和准确性.     

双侧对照观察不典型乳腺癌钼靶征象的价值

目的 探讨双侧乳腺钼靶摄影对照观察不典型乳腺癌(未见明显肿块及钙化乳腺癌)的CR征象表现,以提高诊断正确率,减少漏误诊.方法 对经手术及病理证实,术前CR乳腺钼靶未见明显肿块及钙化的23例早期乳腺癌患者,回顾性分析其乳腺钼靶X线片,采用单侧和双侧双盲观察分别进行诊断,并将两种结果对照、分析.结果 单侧观察诊断乳腺癌8例,诊断正确率为34.8％;双侧对照观察诊断16例,诊断率69.6％,其差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).其中单侧观察乳腺结构紊乱2例,密度增高3例,异常血管2例,星芒征1例;双侧对照观察乳腺结构紊乱5例,密度增高6例,异常血管影3例,星芒征2例.结论 双侧对照观察法可提高早期乳腺癌的诊断率,尤其对未见明显肿块及钙化为主要征象的乳腺癌具有更高的诊断价值.     

钼靶X线引导下定位FNAC或CNB及其对乳腺微小病变的诊断价值

目的探讨钼靶X线引导下定位细针穿刺抽吸细胞学检查(fineneedleaspirationcytology,FNAC)或针芯组织学活检术(coreneedlebiopsy,CNB)及其对乳腺微小病变的诊断价值。方法经病理证实的34例35个乳腺微小病变均先行常规钼靶X线摄片,再在钼靶X线引导下定位FNAC或CNB。以手术病理为金标准回顾性分析35个乳腺微小病变的初期钼靶X线诊断率和中期钼靶X线诊断率。随机抽取经手术病理证实的30例30个未行钼靶X线引导下定位FNAC或CNB的乳腺微小病变作为对照。结果钼靶X线引导下35个病变FNAC或CNB均定位成功。2组初步钼靶X线的正确诊断率分别为60%和53.3%(P>0.5),无明显差异。研究组中期钼靶X线的正确诊断率与对照组初步钼靶X线的正确诊断率分别为82.9%和53.3%(P<0.05),有明显差异。结论钼靶X线引导下定位FNAC或CNB操作过程简便、经济、安全,定位准确率高。中期钼靶X线正确诊断率明显提高。     

X线钼靶摄片辅以彩超诊断早期乳腺癌价值分析

目的:探讨X线钼靶和高频彩超在乳腺恶性肿瘤诊断中的价值,提高对早期乳腺癌的检出率。方法:回顾经病理证实的31例早期乳腺癌患者,对比分析其X线钼靶摄片及高频彩超诊断与病理诊断的符合率。结果:X线钼靶摄片、超声诊断符合率分别为80.65%(25/31)、70.97%(22/31);X线钼靶摄片辅以高频彩超的诊断符合率为93.55%(29/31),与单纯钼靶摄片或彩超相比,差异均有显著意义。结论:X线钼靶摄片是乳腺恶性肿瘤诊断的首选方法,联合高频彩超检查可提高诊断符合率。     

乳腺肿瘤的钼靶X线诊断

目的　明确乳腺肿瘤的钼靶摄影 (mammography)征象 ,评价钼靶在早期乳腺癌诊断中的价值。 方法　总结分析我院从1 760例乳腺疾病钼靶X线摄影中检出并经手术和病理证实为乳腺肿瘤 1 67例 ,其中乳腺良性肿瘤 1 2 4例 ,乳腺癌 43例。结果　①43例乳腺癌的钼靶X线征象 ,圆形 ,不规则形肿块 2 6例 ,占 60 .46 % ,X线测量肿块比值小于临床 ;微小钙化 1 5例 ,占 34 .88% ;局部浸润 2例 ,占 4 .65 %。②良性乳腺肿瘤钼靶X线征象 ,多为圆形、椭圆形肿块 ,周边透明晕征。X线测量肿块比值大于临床。结论　乳腺钼靶X线在乳腺肿瘤检查中 ,特别对早期乳腺癌的诊断很有价值。乳腺癌的主要直接征象和间接征象在乳腺癌的早期诊断中具有重要意义     

临床触诊阴性的乳腺病灶超声和钼靶X线摄片对照及联合应用的分析

目的 探讨乳腺超声和钼靶X线摄片检查对临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶临床应用的价值.方法 回顾性分析192例临床触诊阴性乳腺病例(254个病灶),所有患者均行乳腺超声和钼靶X线摄片对照检查,所有病灶均有病理学诊断.结果 254个临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶中,超声和钼靶X线摄片检查对其诊断的灵敏度分别为39.1%(18/46)、60.8%(28/46),联合检查的灵敏度为90.0%(40/46).结论乳腺超声和钼靶X线摄片检查的联合应用在临床触诊阴性的乳腺癌早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗中可发挥重要作用.     

乳腺癌钼靶X线征象分析(附114例报告)

目的探讨乳腺癌钼靶X线表现、X线分型和病理关系,以提高乳腺癌诊断水平。方法收集经手术病理证实、有完整影像资料的乳腺癌114例,回顾分析其钼靶X线征象及与病理关系。结果乳腺癌分5型:肿块型34例,肿块伴钙化型27例,钙化型28例,结构异常型21例,隐匿型4例。浸润性导管癌最多,占61.4%,其次是单纯癌,占20.1%。结论肿块型、肿块伴钙化型和钙化型乳腺癌钼靶X线表现具有特征性,乳腺钼靶X线摄影能明确诊断。结构异常型乳腺癌X线表现不典型,认识其X线征象,可明显提高乳腺癌的影像诊断率。     

钼靶X线摄影和超声联合诊断乳腺癌的价值

目的 :分析X线钼靶、乳腺超声及两者联合应用在乳腺癌诊断中的价值。方法 :回顾性分析经术后组织病理学确诊的27例乳腺癌的钼靶及超声检查资料,比较乳腺超声、钼靶及联合检查的结果。结果:以病理诊断为金标准,钼靶诊断符合率75.00%,乳腺超声诊断符合率75.00%,联合应用诊断符合率90.00%,联合应用与单独钼靶或超声检查比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:X线钼靶与乳腺超声及其相关技术对乳腺癌诊断均有较大价值,但两者联合应用的诊断率可明显提高。     

乳腺超声和钼靶X线摄片对触诊阴性乳腺病灶的诊断价值分析(附87例报告)

目的 探讨和比较乳腺钼靶X线摄片和超声对临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析77例触诊阴性乳腺病例(87个病灶)的临床资料,所有病例均行乳腺超声和钼靶X线摄片检查,并经穿刺活检或手术切除标本获得病理诊断.分析良恶性乳腺病变患者的年龄和月经状态;总结乳腺癌病灶在钼靶X线摄片和超声诊断中的影像学特点,并比较两种方法 的诊断效能.结果 全组87个触诊阴性的乳腺病灶中,乳腺癌20个(20例患者),占23%(20/87),其中95%(19/20)为0-Ⅰ期的早期乳腺癌;良性病灶67个(57例患者),占77%(67/87).乳腺癌患者的年龄明显高于良性乳腺病变患者(P<0.01),但月经状态无明显差异.钼靶X线摄片、超声诊断乳腺癌病灶的阳性率分别为75%(15/20)和55%(11/20);其主要影像学特点分别是恶性钙化和边界不清的低回声占位,分别占诊断阳性病灶的67%(10/15)和55%(6/11).钼靶X线摄片诊断触诊阴性的乳腺病灶的敏感性、特异性和准确性(分别为75%、64%、67%)均优于乳腺超声(分别为55%、21%、29%).20例乳腺癌患者经超声或钼靶引导下采用金属丝定位,行切除手术.11例患者行保乳手术,保乳率达55%(11/20).结论 钼靶X线摄片和超声检查在触诊阴性的乳腺癌的早发现、早诊断、早治疗中发挥着重要作用.其中,钼靶X线摄片检查更为重要.     

数字乳腺摄影的计算机辅助诊断在乳腺癌筛查中的应用

目的:探讨数字钼靶乳腺摄影及计算机辅助诊断(CAD)在乳腺癌筛查诊断中的价值。方法:2010年1月至2011年1月我院数字乳腺钼靶摄片并经手术证实的40例纳入研究,包括乳腺癌35例(其中原位癌6例)和乳腺腺体增生5例。术前分别在普通显示器上读片诊断和工作站上使用CAD软件读片诊断,然后比较分析。结果:使用普通医用显示器的乳腺癌诊断的敏感性为71.4%,准确性75%;使用CAD分析的乳腺癌诊断的敏感性为88.6%,准确性90%。应用CAD对微钙化检出的敏感性明显高于普通医用显示器(P=0.032)。结论:数字乳腺摄影结合CAD有助于乳腺癌筛查诊断。     

Digital mammography: what do we and what don’t we know?

High-quality full-field digital mammography has been available now for several years and is increasingly used for both diagnostic and screening mammography. A number of different detector technologies exist, which all have their specific advantages and disadvantages. Diagnostic accuracy of digital mammography has been shown to be at least equivalent to film-screen mammography in a general screening population. Digital mammography is superior to screen-film mammography in younger women with dense breasts due to its ability to selectively optimize contrast in areas of dense parenchyma. This advantage is especially important in women with a genetic predisposition for breast cancer, where intensified early detection programs may have to start from 25 to 30 years of age. Tailored image processing and computer-aided diagnosis hold the potential to further improve the early detection of breast cancer. However, at present no consensus exists among radiologists on which processing is optimal for digital mammograms. Image processing may also vary significantly among vendors with so far limited interoperability. This review aims to summarize the available information regarding the impact of digital mammography on workflow and breast cancer diagnosis.     

Perspective on digital mammography

Digital mammography, particularly through its advanced applications, holds great promise for improved diagnostic accuracy, but the display of the images is not ideal at present. Clinical softcopy workstations are somewhat unwieldy to use, and image processing has not yet been optimized for each machine or for each clinical task. In addition, the cost-effectiveness and accuracy of the technology warrant careful study before digital mammography becomes widely disseminated and potentially replaces screen-film mammography, a technology that has been well documented to reduce breast cancer mortality.     

数字化乳腺摄影与普通钼靶摄影在小乳癌诊断中的对比分析

目的：探讨数字化乳腺摄影在小乳癌诊断中的优越性。方法：经手术病理证实的小乳癌57例，采用数字化乳腺摄影及普通钼靶摄影方法。结果：数字化乳腺摄影诊断51例，其敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为89．4％、95．O％、90.9％；普通钼靶摄影术前诊断46例，其敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为80．7％、85．O％、81．8％。结论：在小乳癌诊断中。数字化乳腺摄影在敏感性、特异性、准确性方面均优于普通钼靶摄影。     

American College of Radiology Imaging Network digital mammographic imaging screening trial: objectives and methodology

This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN) and each participating site and by the IRB and the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program at the National Cancer Institute. The study was monitored by an independent Data Safety and Monitoring Board, which received interim analyses of data to ensure that the study would be terminated early if indicated by trends in the outcomes. The ACRIN, which is funded by the National Cancer Institute, conducted the Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial (DMIST) primarily to compare the diagnostic accuracy of digital and screen-film mammography in asymptomatic women presenting for screening for breast cancer. Over the 25.5 months of enrollment, a total of 49 528 women were included at the 33 participating sites, which used five different types of digital mammography equipment. All participants underwent both screen-film and digital mammography. The digital and screen-film mammograms of each subject were independently interpreted by two radiologists. If findings of either examination were interpreted as abnormal, subsequent work-up occurred according to the recommendations of the interpreting radiologist. Breast cancer status was determined at biopsy or follow-up mammography 11-15 months after study entry. In addition to the measurement of diagnostic accuracy by using the interpretations of mammograms at the study sites, DMIST included evaluations of the relative cost-effectiveness and quality-of-life effects of digital versus screen-film mammography. Six separate reader studies using the de-identified archived DMIST mammograms will also assess the diagnostic accuracy of each of the individual digital mammography machines versus screen-film mammography machines, the effect of breast density on diagnostic accuracy of digital and screen-film mammography, and the effect of different rates of breast cancer on the diagnostic accuracy in a reader study.     

Breast tomosynthesis: A diagnostic addition to screening digital mammography

Objectives

Comparison between digital mammography alone and with adding digital breast tomosynthesis in breast cancer screening.

高频超声与全数字化乳腺摄影联合诊断乳腺导管癌的临床应用

目的:探讨乳腺导管癌的高频超声表现,并评价高频超声联合全数字化乳腺摄影检查对乳腺导管癌的诊断价值。方法:分析46例经病理证实的乳腺导管癌的超声表现,与相应病理结果进行对比分析。46例患者均行高频超声和全数字乳腺摄影检查。结果:高频超声探及到肿块46例,诊断乳腺癌45例,诊断率达98%。全数字化乳腺摄影诊断乳腺癌46例,诊断率达100%。高频超声和全数字化摄影对乳腺导管癌检出率无差别且无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:高频超声与全数字化乳腺摄影联合应用,可提高乳腺癌诊断的敏感性和准确性。     

Digital mammography, sestamibi breast scintigraphy, and positron emission tomography breast imaging

Digital mammography allows for the separate optimization of image acquisition and display. Through this technology, and the application of image processing and computer aided diagnosis, breast cancer detection and breast lesion diagnosis might be improved. Besides the obvious data storage, retrieval, and transmission advantages that digital mammography will allow, additional advances such as tomosynthesis, dual energy mammography and digital subtraction mammography are in development. The possible future utility of Sestamibi breast scintigraphy and breast imaging with positron emission tomography is also discussed.     

The added benefit of digital breast tomosynthesis in second breast cancer detection among treated breast cancer patients

Objectives

We aimed to compare the recall rate (RR) and the cancer detection rate (CDR) of combined full field digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis (FFDM?+?DBT) to those of full field digital mammography (FFDM) alone in breast cancer survivors.

乳腺X线立体定位穿刺活检技术的应用

目的　探究乳腺X线立体定位穿刺活检技术 (SCNB)及其在乳腺疾病诊断上的应用。方法　对 38个乳腺病变区进行SC NB检查 ,并与手术病理对照 ,分析SCNB技术的操作方法与技巧。结果　对 38个乳腺病变的检查 ,诊断符合率为 84.2 %,无假阳性 ;穿刺失误及假阴性各占 7.89%。结论　本技术对应用取材部位的深度由电子计算机指导完成 ,定位准确 ,操作简单 ,安全可靠。熟练掌握SCNB技术 ,可望提高早期癌的诊断水平。