88例胃肠道间质性肿瘤的免疫组化标记

当前对胃肠道平滑肌肿瘤,经过免疫组化技术的检测,发现不少病例并不是单一性或相同性克隆化,国外命名为胃肠道间质性肿瘤(Gastrointestinal stromal tumors,GIST)。从免疫标记结果分析GIST的组织发生,国内尚无详细报道。本文通过8种     

胰腺囊实性肿瘤的免疫组化及超微结构观察

目的：了解胰腺囊实性肿瘤的免疫组化及超微结构特点。分析其临床病理特点与预后的关系。方法：用HE、过碘酸雪夫（PAS）和免疫组化（S-P法）及电镜观察7例胰腺囊实性肿瘤。结果：肿瘤较大,包膜较完整,囊实相同,显微镜观察HE染色片中瘤细胞大小形态较一致。核圆形或卵圆形,核异型不明显,核分裂象罕见,肿瘤细胞围绕纤维血管复层排列形成假乳头片中瘤细胞大小形态较一致。核圆形或卵圆形,核异型不明显,核分裂象罕见,肿瘤细胞围绕纤维血管复层排列形成假乳头突起为其特征。免疫表型,波形蛋白2例表达阳性,低分子量角蛋白6例为阳性,突触素4例为阳性,α1-AT6例阳性,胰岛素2例阳性,高分子量角蛋白,上皮膜抗原,生长抑素均为阴性,超微结构观察,4例瘤细胞分化良好,有数个细胞内含有类似酶原颗粒小体,直径0.8-1.2μm,有界膜,电子密度不均。结论：胰腺囊实性肿瘤可能起源于胰腺腺泡又具有内分泌特征,临床经过表现为良性,预后良好。     

免疫组化与特染技术在诊断肌源性,纤维源性肿瘤中的应用

免疫组化与特染技术在诊断肌源性、纤维源性肿瘤中的应用刘健陈森林王贻琮在日常病理诊断纤维源性和肌源性肿瘤有困难时，以Ｖｉｍ、ＭＧ、Ｄｅｓ等抗体的免疫组化染色加以鉴别诊断，但由于免疫组化技术受到抗体种类和方法的局限，此时如能辅之以特殊染色，如ＶＧ、Ｍａｓ...     

人周围神经肿瘤的免疫组化观察

周围神经肿瘤光镜诊断有时存在困难 ,对周围神经肿瘤进行肿瘤标志或细胞内含物的检测有助于这类肿瘤的诊断、鉴别诊断、组织发生和生物学行为的判断。为此对 91例周围神经肿瘤进行了多种标志的检测。1　材料与方法91例周围神经肿瘤均为外科手术切除标本 ,包括孤立性神经纤维瘤 13例、神经鞘瘤 30例、颗粒细胞瘤 9例、节细胞神经瘤 5例、婴幼儿色素性神经外胚层瘤 4例、恶性周围神经鞘膜瘤 15例、神经母细胞瘤 8例、外周性原始神经外胚层瘤 7例。标本经 4%中性甲醛固定 ,石蜡包埋 ,切5 μｍ厚切片。除ＨＥ染色外 ,应用ＡＢＣ和ＰＡＰ法进行Ｓ…     

孤立性纤维性肿瘤临床病理学观察

目的探讨孤立性纤维性肿瘤(solitary fibrous tumor,SFT)的临床、病理组织学、免疫组化特征,提高对该病的认识。方法对7例SFT病例进行大体观察、病理组织学及免疫组化En V ision二步法标记,观察V im、CD34、CD99、bc l-2 Des、SMA、HMBE-1、CK、S-100蛋白在SFT组织中的表达。结果7例SFT分别发生于胸腔、腹腔、纵隔、眼眶及胸壁软组织,临床表现为肿块压迫所致的症状,肿块1.5 cm×1.5 cm×1 cm~20 cm×20 cm×18 cm,光镜下肿瘤细胞由长梭形细胞构成束状、编织状排列,间质内有多少不一的胶原纤维,无特殊的组织构型及形态的多样性为其组织学特点。免疫表型:CD34、V im、CD99均为弥漫强阳性,bc l-2 5例阳性,Des、SMA、HMBE-1、CK、S-100蛋白阴性。结论SFT是一组形态多样、无特殊组织构型及有多少不一胶原纤维的梭形细胞肿瘤,其特殊的免疫表型,有助于对该病的诊断,但SFT的确诊必须结合组织形态和免疫组化共同完成。SFT的生物学行为取决于其组织学形态和肿块的大小及生长方式,完全切除肿块者预后较好。     

肿瘤免疫组织化学标记的形态学特征

肿瘤免疫组织化学标记结果判断，除了鉴别肿瘤细胞阳性或阴性显色外，还必须仔细观察肿瘤细胞阳性着色程度、阳性颗粒定位和分布、阳性细胞数量、阳性标记的组织细胞形态学特征、特异性与非特异性染色，注意识别抗体交叉反应和肿瘤异常表达，并结合肿瘤本身固有的形态结构...     

胰腺囊实性肿瘤八例临床病理学观察

目的 观察胰腺囊实性肿瘤的临床病理特点,分析其分化表型,探讨其组织发生。方法 组织学、免疫组化和电镜技术。结果 ８例患者均为女性,年龄１４￣３３岁,平均２５．３岁,手术后均无复发。肿瘤较大,有包膜,由实性肿瘤与囊性坏死区混合组成。组织学上,肿瘤细胞较一致,均由实性片块、假乳头样及两者的过渡型生长方式组成。瘤细胞退变、出血、泡沫细胞和胆固醇裂隙常见。免疫组化：８例均表达α－１－抗胰蛋白酶和溶菌酶,６     

21例胃肠道神经源肿瘤临床病理及免疫组化观察

目的：观察胃肠道神经源肿瘤的临床及病理形态学特点并探讨其组织学发生。方法：２１例胃肠道神经源肿瘤进行光镜观察，部分病例作组化及免疫组化染色。结果：２１例胃肠道神经源肿瘤中，发生于胃１４例、小肠６例、直肠１例，发病年龄３０￣５０岁。镜下食 性神经鞘病１２例、神经纤维瘤４例、恶性神经鞘膜４例、节细胞神经瘤１例。恶性神经鞘瘤４例中１例伴有横纹肌肉瘤分化，免疫组化染色Ｓ－１００弱阳性，Ｍｙｏｇｌｏｂｉｎ部     

子宫的卵巢性索样肿瘤

1　临床资料例 1,患者女 ,2 9岁。月经周期延长伴经量增多 1年。盆腔检查 :发现子宫增大如孕 40天。Ｂ超示 :子宫颈管内4 6ｃｍ× 4 5ｃｍ× 3 8ｃｍ低回声 ,血流丰富。宫腔镜检查见一赘生物填塞于宫颈管 ,6ｃｍ× 5ｃｍ× 4ｃｍ大小 ,质软而脆 ,其根部较粗 ,位于宫腔左前壁 ,考虑为黏膜下平滑肌瘤 ,予以电切割术。例 2 ,患者女 ,46岁。绝经 2年 ,发现白带增多半年。盆腔检查 :宫颈中糜 ,子宫如孕 4个月大小 ,表面高低不平 ,质硬 ,活动差。Ｂ超示 :子宫肌壁回声不均 ,探及多个低回声区。临床诊断为子宫平滑肌瘤 ,行全子宫切除术。术中冷冻切…     

软组织肿瘤免疫组化诊断中常用抗体的特殊性及注意事项

随着免疫组化技术在肿瘤病理诊断中的不断深入和广泛应用 ,人们越来越多的发现所谓特异性标记物并非人们最初想的那么特异 ,而是出现了许多特殊性 (或称异常表达 ) ,并且这些特殊性在免疫组化结果分析中有着非常重要的意义 ,有必要对这些特殊性予以总结。笔者就软组织肿瘤免疫组化诊断中常用抗体的一些特殊性及注意事项简单介绍。1　上皮性标记物常用的有细胞角蛋白 (ｃｙｔｏｋｅｒａｔｉｎ)、上皮性膜抗原(ＥＭＡ)及癌胚抗原 (ＣＥＡ)。他们常用于区分上皮性肿瘤与间叶性肿瘤。但在以下情况时应注意其特殊性 :①间皮、肾小管及肾小囊壁层…     

Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Desmoid Tumors

A comparative morphological study of primary and relapsing desmoid tumors was carried out. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the progress of desmoid tumors in the form of relapses was paralleled by an increase in the counts of immunopositive cells and intensity of β-catenin and cycloxygenase-2 expression.     

颅内乳头状肿瘤的免疫组化研究

颅内乳头状肿瘤是一组病理学易于误诊的疾病。本文对22倒颅内乳头状肿瘤。选用8种抗体标记。转移性乳头状脓癌以CEA最有诊断价值。乳头状室管膜瘤和乳头状胶质母知胞瘤以GFAP、S-100、Vimentin阳性为主,Keratin阳性率很低,乳头上皮细胞下无Ⅳ型胶原和Laminin阳性基底膜物质。相反脉络丛乳头状肿瘤Keratin阳性率高,GFAP和Virnentin阳性率低,乳头上皮下有Ⅳ型胶原和Laminin标记阳性的基底膜物质。乳头状脑膜瘤虽有双相分化,但免疫标记以Vimentin阳性为主,Keratin和EMA反应很弱,其它标记则为阴性。乳头状垂体腺瘤对本组抗体大多呈阴性反应。     

Immunohistochemical Analysis of CXCR4 Expression in Fibrohistiocytic Tumors

Functional chemokine receptors are expressed in many malignant tumors. These receptors promote tumor growth and metastasis in response to endogenous chemokines. We analyzed the expression of CXCR4, CCR6 and CCR7 in fibrohistiocytic tumors, including dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance (DFSP), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), dermatofibroma (DF) using immunohistochemistry. We also investigated the relationship between CXCR4 and CD34, the latter of which is an immunohistochemical marker for DFSP. We observed a higher expression of CXCR4 in DFSP and MFH as compared with DF. Interestingly, a significantly higher expression of CXCR4 was detected in relapsed DFSP than in non-relapsed DFSP, but no significant differences were detected between non-relapsed DFSP and DFSP with CD34 immunostaining. Moreover, MFH had strong immunoreactivity for CXCR4, CCR6 and CCR7. These findings suggest that the assessment of CXCR4 immunoreactivity in fibrohistiocytic tumors is a useful tool for predicting tumor aggressiveness.     

卵巢粘液性肿瘤组化和免疫组化研究

对50例卵巢粘液性肿瘤进行组化和免疫组化研究。良性、交界性和恶性3组肿瘤酸性粘蛋白的含量和粘蛋白的分布范围形成鲜明对比;在甲苯胺蓝异染性方面有明显差异。这对鉴别卵巢粘液性肿瘤良、恶性有参考价值。3组肿瘤免疫组化阳性反应的程度无明显差异,腺癌分化的程度与CEA细胞阳性率不呈正相关。表明CEA染色不能判断卵巢粘液性肿瘤的恶性程度。正常卵巢组织CEA阴性,如果良性肿瘤内CEA含量较多,从生物化学上已暗示可能己越出良性范畴,但在组织学上尚未表现出来。应注意随访。     

Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors: Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Studies

We report here ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of neuroblastic differentiation in the retrospective (n = 17) and prospective (n = 26) series of primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs). By electron microscopy, neuritelike structures containing parallel-oriented microtubules, adhesive plaque junctions, and pleomorphic dense-core vesicles were found in the majority of tumor specimens while synaptic specializations were very rare. By immunohistochemistry, synapto-physin appeared to be the most reliable marker for neuroblastic differentiation present in the majority of tumors, while 200 kDa neurofilament protein was immunovisualized in a lower proportion of tumors. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was expressed in both reactive astrocytes and in a small proportion of otherwise typical neoplastic cells. We conclude that the majority of PNETs revealed diverse differentiation and that electron microscopy is still the most reliable tool for its detection followed by immunohistochemistry for synaptophysin.     

Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors: Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Studies

We report here ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of neuroblastic differentiation in the retrospective (n = 17) and prospective (n = 26) series of primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs). By electron microscopy, neuritelike structures containing parallel-oriented microtubules, adhesive plaque junctions, and pleomorphic dense-core vesicles were found in the majority of tumor specimens while synaptic specializations were very rare. By immunohistochemistry, synapto-physin appeared to be the most reliable marker for neuroblastic differentiation present in the majority of tumors, while 200 kDa neurofilament protein was immunovisualized in a lower proportion of tumors. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was expressed in both reactive astrocytes and in a small proportion of otherwise typical neoplastic cells. We conclude that the majority of PNETs revealed diverse differentiation and that electron microscopy is still the most reliable tool for its detection followed by immunohistochemistry for synaptophysin.     

Immunohistochemical Localization of Somatostatin Receptors sst2A in Human Tumors

Human tumors frequently express somatostatin receptors. However, none of the receptor subtype proteins have been individually visualized in normal or neoplastic human tissues. Here, the distribution of the sst2A receptor was investigated using immunohistochemistry with the specific anti-peptide antibody R2–88 in 47 human tumors. All tumors selected for their abundance of sst2 mRNA and/or strong binding of the sst2-preferring ligand ¹²⁵I-labeled Tyr³-octreotide were specifically immunostained with R2–88. Conversely, all tumors without somatostatin binding or expressing predominantly other somatostatin receptor subtype mRNAs (sst1 or sst3) were not specifically immunostained by R2–88. Specificity was shown in immunoblots, demonstrating receptor migration as a 70-kd broad band. In immunohistochemical and immunoblotting experiments, the abolition of staining after antibody blockade with antigen peptide was demonstrated. Immunostaining was identified in cryostat and in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. Heat-induced epitope retrieval was necessary to visualize sst2A receptors in formalin-fixed sections. Moreover, because of occasional high nonspecific staining, the demonstration of complete abolition of immunostaining by treatment with antigen peptide was a prerequisite for the correct identification of sst2A-positive tumors. The sst2A receptors were clearly located at the membrane of the tumor cells. These results provide the first localization of a somatostatin receptor subtype in human tissues at the cellular level. The sst2A receptor identification and visualization in tumors with simple immunohistochemical methods in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material will open new diagnostic opportunities for pathologists.     

Immunohistochemical Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Canine Mammary Tumours

The histopathological and clinical aspects of canine mammary tumours (CMTs) have been widely studied, but the variation in the biological behaviour of these neoplasms hampers the identification of prognostic factors. Sustained angiogenesis has been suggested to be one of the most important factors underlying tumour growth and invasion. This process involves the action of several growth factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The present study characterizes the relationship between immunohistochemical expression of VEGF and gross (e.g. size and tissue fixation) and microscopical (e.g. type, growth, necrosis, lymphoid infiltration, lymph node metastasis, histological grade and proliferation index) features of CMTs. Forty-eight benign and 64 malignant CMTs were evaluated. Statistical analysis failed to show a significant relationship between VEGF expression and the pathological features, suggesting that VEGF expression occurs in both benign and malignant tumours and is independent of histological type, proliferation, tissue invasion or local metastatic capacity.     

重组人血管内皮抑制素对荷瘤裸小鼠的治疗作用

观察了重组人血管内皮抑制素 (YH - 16 )对人肝癌Be174 0 2 细胞系、人宫颈癌Hela细胞系和人胃癌SGC790 1细胞系在裸小鼠体内的抑制作用。试验采用每日尾静脉注射给药 ,YH - 16的剂量分别为 1.5、0 .75、0 .4mg/kg ,共给药 14次。结果表明YH - 16对上述三种人癌细胞系有明显抑制作用 ,其抑制率Be174 0 2 为 45 .6 7、43.0 8和 40 .0 0 % ;Hela为 40 .70、30 .15和2 4.12 % ;SGC790 1为 5 1.89、44 .34和 35 .85 %。YH— 16各给药组动物健康状况良好 ,无明显毒副反应