经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术的临床应用观察

目的观察经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术的临床效果。方法甲状腺疾病患者127例,68例选择乳晕入路行腔镜甲状腺切除术（腔镜组）,59例行开放甲状腺切除术（开放组）,比较两组手术时间、出血量、术后引流量、术后并发症及患者满意度。结果两组出血量、术后引流量、术后并发症及患者满意度相比,P均〈0.05。结论经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术治疗甲状腺疾病安全、有效。     

无充气经腋窝入路腔镜手术与传统开放手术治疗单侧甲状腺乳头状癌的对比研究

［摘要］　目的　比较无充气经腋窝入路腔镜手术与传统开放手术治疗单侧甲状腺乳头状癌的临床疗效及术后并发症。方法　回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年12月广西壮族自治区人民医院乳腺甲状腺外科行单侧甲状腺乳头状癌根治术的160例患者的临床资料,根据手术方式分为无充气经腋窝入路腔镜手术80例（腔镜组）和传统开放手术80例（开放组）。比较两组患者一般临床资料、手术相关指标、术前与术后1 d血清甲状旁腺激素及血钙水平、术后并发症发生率及患者的术后美观满意度评价。结果　开放组与腔镜组术中出血量、住院时间、中央区淋巴结清扫数量、血清甲状旁腺激素及血钙水平比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。腔镜组的手术时间长于开放组,术后引流量多于开放组,术后美观满意度高于开放组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　无充气经腋窝入路腔镜甲状腺手术切口隐蔽、美观,虽然手术时间较长,但清扫淋巴结数量与开放组相当,且患者美观满意度更高,值得临床推广。     

经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术与传统手术治疗甲状腺良性肿瘤的效果比较

目的比较经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术与传统手术的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析136例接受手术治疗的甲状腺良性肿瘤患者的临床资料,其中观察组经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术68例,对照组行传统开放性甲状腺手术68例,对比两组手术时间、术中出血量、引流量、切口疼痛、术后并发症、住院时间,住院费用等。结果观察组手术时间长,术中出血量少,引流量少,住院时间短,住院费用高,切口疼痛比例少,并发症发生率低,与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后随访半年,未出现甲状腺功能减退和复发。结论经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术出血量少、住院时间短、疼痛轻、无瘢痕,是一种安全、可靠的手术方式,值得临床推广。     

经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术治疗良性甲状腺病变的疗效分析

目的分析经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺手术对良性甲状腺病变的治疗效果。方法选取2014-03~2016-03间该院良性甲状腺病变手术患者52例,随机分为观察组26例,采取经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺手术;对照组26例,采取开放式甲状腺手术。对两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、引流量、住院时长及手术并发症进行比较。结果两组治疗有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。观察组手术时间、术中出血量、引流量、住院时长相比对照组均明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。观察组手术并发症发生率较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论临床上对良性甲状腺病变患者采取经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺手术,可明显减少手术并发症的发生,有利于手术伤口愈合,且能缩短住院天数,减少患者痛苦及经济负担。     

胸乳入路完全腔镜下行甲状腺切除术与传统开放手术的疗效比较

目的对比分析胸乳入路完全腔镜下行甲状腺切除术与传统开放手术的疗效。方法将该院2014-02~2016-10收治的87例甲状腺结节患者分为腔镜组(n=42)和传统组(n=45),腔镜组采取胸乳入路完全腔镜下行甲状腺切除术,传统组行传统开放手术。比较两组患者手术治疗效果。结果腔镜组手术时间、住院费用明显高于传统组(P0.05),而术中出血量、术后颈部恢复活动时间、住院时间、术后镇痛药使用率均少于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。腔镜组颈部皮肤紧张感及美容满意度评分均明显优于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胸乳入路完全腔镜下甲状腺切除术具有术中出血量少、术后恢复快、美容效果好等优点,值得临床推广。     

经口腔前庭入路腔镜下甲状腺癌根治术与传统开放手术的疗效比较

目的比较经口腔前庭入路腔镜下甲状腺癌根治术与传统开放手术的疗效。方法将该院2019-01～2020-01收治的50例早期甲状腺乳头状癌患者按手术方式分为腔镜组(n=22)和开放组(n=28)。腔镜组采取经口腔前庭入路腔镜下甲状腺癌根治术,开放组行传统开放手术。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、美容满意度评分及术后并发症等情况。结果腔镜组手术时间、术后引流量均长于或多于开放组(P均0. 05),腔镜组术后视觉模拟量表(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)评分低于开放组、美容满意度评分高于开放组(P均0. 05)。但两组术中出血量、住院时间、淋巴结清扫数量比较差异均无统计学意义(P0. 05)。两组均未出现永久性声嘶、血肿、永久性甲状旁腺功能减退,腔镜组1例出现感染,开放组1例出现积液。结论经口腔前庭入路腔镜下甲状腺癌根治术是安全、可行、有效的手术方式,且美容效果好,值得临床推广。     

经胸入路腔镜下甲状腺肿块切除术的探讨

目的 探讨腔镜下甲状腺切除的方法与优缺点。方法选择10例甲状腺肿块病人施行经胸入路腔镜下甲状腺肿块切除术。结果全部病例手术均获成功，平均手术时间145min，平均住院天数6d，无喉返神经、甲状旁腺损伤及其它并发症。结论经胸入路腔镜下甲状腺切除术是安全可行的，具有很好的美观效果。     

不同手术入路对早期甲状腺乳头状癌患者术后循环肿瘤细胞水平的影响探讨

目的 探讨不同手术入路对早期甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)患者术后循环肿瘤细胞(CTCs)水平的影响。方法 回顾性分析2017年12月至2022年3月南宁市第二人民医院收治的109例早期PTC患者的临床资料,其中接受传统开放手术者78例(A组),经腋窝入路腔镜甲状腺手术者14例(B组),经颏下前庭入路腔镜甲状腺手术者17例(C组)。比较三组围术期指标、术后住院时间,以及术后CTCs分型和水平差异。结果 A组术中出血量、清扫淋巴结数大于B组、C组,术后拔管时间、术后住院时间长于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组术后拔管时间显著长于C组(P<0.05)。三组手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组CTCs阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组总CTCs计数及混合型CTCs计数比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中C组术后计数水平最高。结论 三种入路术式均对早期PTC取得良好的疗效,且安全性好。不同入路术式对患者术后的CTCs水平产生了一定影响,但这种差异对患者预后的影响尚需进一步验证。     

经乳晕保乳手术联合乳腔镜腋窝淋巴结清扫治疗乳腺癌临床研究

对8例直径≤2 cm、距离乳晕≥3 cm的乳腺癌经乳晕保乳手术,腋窝脂肪溶解抽吸后乳腔镜腋窝淋巴结清扫。手术时间120-156 min、平均128.9 min,手术出血量30-100 ml、平均56 ml,每侧取淋巴结6-34个、平均16个。8例患者保留的乳房形态良好,伤口小而隐蔽,手术效果满意。术后随访2-29个月,未见局部复发。可见,经乳晕保乳手术联合乳腔镜腋窝淋巴结清扫治疗乳腺癌手术效果肯定。     

传统开放甲状腺切除术与腔镜甲状腺切除术治疗甲状腺良性疾病的临床效果比较

目的比较传统开放甲状腺切除术与腔镜甲状腺切除术治疗甲状腺良性疾病的临床效果。方法95例甲状腺良性疾病患者根据手术方式不同分为腔镜组55例和开放组40例,分别采用经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺手术和传统开放甲状腺手术治疗。结果两组手术均能顺利完成。与开放组比较,腔镜组美容满意度较高、手术时间短、术中出血量少、术后住院时间短、住院费用高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。两组术中、术后均未发生明显并发症。结论经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术具有美容效果显著、手术创伤小、术后恢复快、术后住院时间短等优势。     

Comparison of hospital costs for single-port and conventional laparoscopic colorectal resection: a case-matched study

Background

Whether single-port laparoscopic (SPL) colorectal resection is cost-effective in comparison to conventional laparoscopy remains unclear. The aim of this study is to compare hospital costs for single-port versus conventional laparoscopic colorectal resections.

Methods

Patients with available cost data who underwent (SPL) colorectal resection between December 2007 and December 2010 were matched with conventional (multiport) laparoscopic (CL) counterparts for age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, body mass index, operation type and year of surgery. Patients who underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery were not included in the study. Direct hospital costs for the two groups were compared.

Results

There were 90 patients in the SPL group and 90 patients in the CL group. Age (p = 0.79), gender (p = 0.88), body mass index (p = 0.82), American Society of Anesthesiologists score (p = 1) and diagnosis (p = 0.85) were similar in both groups. Operation type (p = 1), estimated blood loss (p = 0.17) and length of hospital stay (p = 0.06) were comparable between the groups. Operation time was significantly shorter in the SPL group (p < 0.001), thus anesthesia cost was significantly lower in this group (p = 0.003). Total costs (p = 0.5), operating room (p = 0.65), nursing (p = 0.13), pharmacy (p = 0.6), radiology (p = 0.27), professional (p = 0.38) and pathology/laboratory (p = 0.46) costs were similar between the two groups.

Conclusions

Single-port laparoscopic colorectal resection can be performed with comparable hospital costs to conventional multiport laparoscopy.     

小肠良性肿瘤临床分析——附70例报告

目的：对手术病理证实的小肠良性肿瘤70例，就其主要临床表现和有关诊断方法价值进行分析。方法：采用血常规、X线检查和其他检查。结果：小肠良性肿瘤中以平滑肌瘤和血管瘤为多，占82．86％（58／70），病变部位以空肠居首，占57．14％（40／70），无明显慢性腹痛而又反复大出血者，19例急诊血管造影阳性，手术证实的病变部位与造影一致，病理诊断符合率89．47％（17/19）。结论：血管造影对小脑肿瘤出血有定性及定位的诊断价值．小肠钡灌亦有较高的诊断价值．剖腹探查应慎重，以期达到确诊及治疗的目的。     

Surgical outcomes of laparoscopic and open resection of benign liver tumours in the Netherlands: a nationwide analysis

BackgroundData on surgical outcomes of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) versus open liver resection (OLR) of benign liver tumour (BLT) are scarce. This study aimed to provide a nationwide overview of postoperative outcomes after LLR and OLR of BLT.MethodsThis was a nationwide retrospective study including all patients who underwent liver resection for hepatocellular adenoma, haemangioma and focal nodular hyperplasia in the Netherlands from 2014 to 2019. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to compare 30-day overall and major morbidity and 30-day mortality after OLR and LLR.ResultsIn total, 415 patients underwent BLT resection of whom 230 (55.4%) underwent LLR. PSM for OLR and LLR resulted in 250 matched patients. Median (IQR) length of stay was shorter after LLR than OLR (4 versus 6 days, 5.0–8.0, p < 0.001). Postoperative 30-day overall morbidity was lower after LLR than OLR (12.0% vs. 22.4%, p = 0.043). LLR was associated with reduced 30-day overall morbidity in multivariable analysis (aOR:0.46, CI:0.22–0.95, p = 0.043). Both 30-day major morbidity and 30-day mortality were not different.ConclusionsLLR for BLT is associated with shorter hospital stay and reduced overall morbidity and is preferred if technically feasible.     

Genomic analysis: toward a new approach in breast cancer management

Breast cancer is a clinically heterogeneous and complex disease that can affect differently individuals with seemingly identical clinicopathologic parameters. This heterogeneity is strictly linked to individuals and tumors genetic variability. Currently, the development of high-throughput technologies are proving novel tools to tackle this complexity. By DNA microarray technology, genomic analysis has been used successfully for breast carcinomas stratification into molecular subgroups with relevant implications for clinical outcomes, and detection of prognostic/treatment predictive signatures. Indeed, DNA microarray has rapidly improved becoming a powerful diagnostic tool. Information derived from these assays allows clinicians to estimate the risk for distant recurrence, and predict accurately which patients are likely to benefit from adjuvant therapy. This review will describe the state-of-the-art of genomic analysis in breast cancer and introduce the clinicians to a genomic approach to cancer management, illustrating how it can help in defying a better diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic treatment.     

National trends with a laparoscopic liver resection: results from a population based analysis

BackgroundInterest in laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) has grown since the International ‘Louisville Statement’ regarding laparoscopic liver surgery was published in 2009. However, limited population based data on LLR utilization patterns and outcomes are available.MethodsLLR data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS, 2000–2012) and the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP, 2005–2012) were compared before and after the Louisville Statement in 2009.ResultsIn total, 1131 and 642 LLR were identified from NIS and NSQIP, respectively. Three quarters of patients underwent LLR for a malignant indication (NIS primary malignancy, 29.6% versus metastasis, 45.1%; NSQIP primary malignancy, 35.5% versus metastasis, 46.1%). The annual volume of LLR increased from 2000–2008 versus 2009–2012 (NIS: 63 versus 168, P< 0.001; NSQIP: 52 versus 127; both P = 0.001). The peri operative mortality associated with LLR was 2.8% in NIS and 2.2% in NSQIP. The morbidity was 38.1% in NIS and 30.7% in NSQIP. Mortality and morbidity did not change over time (both P > 0.050). After 2009, LLR was associated with a shorter length of stay (LOS) (NIS: 5 versus 6 days, P = 0.007).ConclusionSince the Louisville Statement in 2009, utilization of LLR has increased. LLR is associated with a modest decrease in LOS and appears to be safe with mortality and morbidity similar to open surgery.     

Robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic major liver resection: analysis of outcomes from a single center

BackgroundDebate exists regarding outcomes of robot-assisted versus laparoscopic hepatectomy. We reviewed and analyzed major hepatectomies (resection of ≥3 Couinaud liver segments) performed in a minimally invasive fashion at a single institution.MethodsFrom 2011 to 2016, 473 major hepatectomy procedures were performed, of which 173 (37%) were performed in a minimally invasive fashion (57 robot-assisted and 116 laparoscopic). Patient demographics, operating statistics and outcomes were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsPatients undergoing robot-assisted versus laparoscopic hepatectomy were older (58.1 vs 53.2 years, respectively; p = 0.030), admitted to ICU postoperatively less frequently (43.9% vs 61.2%, respectively; p = 0.043), and readmitted less often within 90 days (7.0% vs 28.5%, respectively; p = 0.001). No significant differences were identified in relation to complications, blood loss, operative times, and length of stay.ConclusionRobot-assisted is an effective alternative to laparoscopic major hepatectomy for resection of malignant and benign liver lesions. Robotic-assisted offers technical advantages compared to laparoscopic surgery including improved optic visualization, operative dexterity, and ease of dissection and suturing. This experience suggested that the robotic platform was associated with improved outcomes including reduced postoperative ICU admission and 90-day readmission.     

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic segmental resection with rectoanal anastomosis: a new approach for the management of complicated rectourethral fistula

Various transanal and perineal surgical techniques have been described for the treatment of rectourethral fistula (RUF). However, these techniques are poorly suited for complicated fistulas. Here, we present a novel minimally invasive procedure: robotic-assisted laparoscopic segmental resection with rectoanal anastomosis for the management of difficult RUFs. This novel technique may be valuable in the treatment of recurrent or complex RUFs.     

Laparoscopic liver resection for posterosuperior tumors using caudal approach and postural changes: A new technical approach

Laparoscopic liver resection(LLR) for tumors in the posterosuperior liver [segment(S) 7 and deep S6] is a challenging clinical procedure. This area is located in the bottom of the small subphrenic space(rib cage), with the large and heavy right liver on it when the patient is in the supine position. Thus, LLR of this area is technically demanding because of the handling of the right liver which is necessary to obtain a fine surgical view, secure hemostasis and conduct the resection so as to achieve an appropriate surgical margin in the cage. Handling of the right liver may be performed by the hand-assisted approach, robotic liver resection or by using spacers, such as a sterile glove pouch. In addition, the operative field of posterosuperior resection is in the deep bottom area of the subphrenic cage, with the liver S6 obstructing the laparoscopic caudal view of lesions. The use of intercostal ports facilitates the direct lateral approach into the cage and to the target area, with the combination of mobilization of the liver. Postural changes during the LLR procedure have also been reported to facilitate the LLR for this area, such as left lateral positioning for posterior sectionectomy and semi-prone positioning for tumors in the posterosuperior segments. In our hospital, LLR procedures for posterosuperior tumors are performed via the caudal approach with postural changes. The left lateral position is used for posterior sectionectomy and the semi-prone position is used for S7 segmentectomy and partial resections of S7 and deep S6 without combined intercostal ports insertion. Although the movement of instruments is restricted in the caudal approach, compared to the lateral approach, port placement in the para-vertebra area makes the manipulation feasible and stable, with minimum damage to the environment around the liver.