急诊非创伤患者心肺复苏结果预测因素分析

目的:通过Logistic回归分析找出预测复苏即时结果的独立因素,帮助急诊院内非创伤病人复苏预后的客观判断.方法:选取病例323例,通过多变量Logistic回归分析得出影响复苏结果的因素.结果:年龄＜70岁,初始心电图为室颤、室速,停跳原因为心肌梗死或原发心律失常,无肿瘤、中风后遗症、多脏器功能衰竭、毒瘾等基础病者即时复苏成功率高.结论:心肺复苏中可根据病人的年龄、心电图、停跳原因、基础病,对复苏即时结果进行预测.     

急性后循环缺血性事件预后及危险因素分析

目的观察206例发生急性后循环缺血性事件患者病后1年的预后情况，分析预后不良的危险因素。方法收集2003年全年我院神经内科住院的206例急性后循环脑梗死和短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）的病例，随访患者病后1年情况，筛选引起预后不良的危险因素。结果病后1年患者病死率12．1％，严重残障率5．3％，大部分患者预后良好。多元Logistic回归分析显示预后不良的危险因素包括颅脑近中远段同时受累（OR=5．445，P〈0．05）、颅内病变个数〉1个（OR=3．682，P〈0．05）、基底动脉急性闭塞（OR=10．409，P〈0．01）、颅外段椎动脉病变（OR=6．767，P〈0．01）。病初NIHSS≥15分者提示预后不良。结论后循环缺血性事件患者大部分预后良好，危险因素的评估有助于判断预后。     

急性颈内或大脑中动脉闭塞患者临床预后分析

目的探讨急性颈内或大脑中动脉闭塞的缺血性卒中患者的临床预后及预测结局的因素。方法选择发病6h内磁共振血管造影检查示颈内或大脑中动脉闭塞的患者48例，收集临床及影像学数据，在90d后评定患者的改良Ranking量表（mRS）评分，Logistic回归分析临床结局相关因素。结果48例患者临床结局好者（mRS 0～2分）17例（35．4％），临床结局不良者（mRS 3～6分）31例（64．6％），其中7例（14．6％）死亡。Logistic回归分析仅大面积梗死（OR=21．1，95％CI1．4～314．2，P=0．027）及高血糖（OR=5．1，95％CI1．3～19．8，P=0．019）同临床结局不良相关。结论急性颈内或大脑中动脉闭塞患者大部分临床预后较差，大面积梗死及高血糖是预测临床结局的独立因素。     

中老年男女人群骨量减少症患病危险因素比较研究

目的：了解中国中老年人群骨量减少症患病危险因素，为骨量减少症的预防和治疗提供依据。方法：采用分层多阶段整群抽样方法对中国五大行政区5103例50岁以上男女人群进行骨密度测量和问卷调查，对216个变量进行多因素非条件Logistic回归分析，得出各危险因素比数比值（OR值）。结果：筛选出16个影响我国部分地区骨量减少症患病危险因素，其中，年龄因素（OR＝1．0591，1．1269）为男女共同危险因素；心脏病史（OR＝1．7623）、慢性呼吸系统疾病史（OR＝1．7435）、前12个月背疼史（OR＝2．1304）等危险因素在男性中出现；甲状腺疾病史（OR＝2．7650）、胃病史（OR＝1．5427）、家庭人口数多（OR＝1．1404）等危险因素在女性中出现。结论：我国中老年人男女骨量减少症患病危险因素中有共同的暴露因素，同时，男女之间的主要危险因素及暴露水平又有一定差异。为今后骨量减少症的防治策略提供重要参考数据。     

是否知道病情真相及其应对方式对乳腺癌妇女人格和精神障碍的影响

目的：研究乳腺癌患者是否知道自己所患疾病真相、对治疗的信心与期望及其应对方式等因素对人格和精神障碍影响。方法：乳腺癌妇女精神心理状态和人格评定采用临床晤谈、MMPI人格问卷和生活事件量表及基本情况问卷的方法，以SPSS 10．0软件进行统计学处理。结果：①208例年龄为24～83岁乳腺癌妇女，MMPI测量结果高于70分的临床量表：疑病(Hs)为40．9％，抑郁(D)为72．6％，癔症(Hy)为38．5％，偏执(Pd)为17．8％；男女性能度(Mf)高于60分占50．O％，但都低于70分；妄想(Pa)和精神衰弱(Pt)分别有42．8％和54．8％高于70分，精神分裂(Sc)为76．9％，躁狂(Ma)为17．8％，而7例(3．4％)社会内向(Si)高于70分，58．6％高于60分。②多因素Logistic分析发现，知道自己所患癌症诊断真相和疾病的性质使Pa(OR=3．79，P=0.003)、Pt(OR=3．85，P=0.01)、sc(OR=14．6，P=0.00001)量表分值增高，心理社会调节能力差，而对MMPI测量值其他量表没有影响。结论：知道癌症诊断真相和疾病的性质是Pa,Pt和Sc量表增高的重要危险因素；不知道疾病真相的乳癌妇女心理调节和社会责任能力良好，不支持径告患者癌症真相。     

机械取栓对急性脑梗死患者临床疗效及预后的影响因素分析

目的 回顾性分析机械取栓对急性脑梗死患者临床疗效及预后的影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2019年10月—2021年12月齐齐哈尔医学院附属第三医院通过机械取栓治疗的31例急性大动脉闭塞性脑梗患者的临床资料。根据术后3个月预后情况将入组患者分为预后良好组（mRS≤2分,n=16）和预后不良组（mRS≥3分,n=15）。通过单变量和多变量逻辑回归分析机械取栓除术后急性脑梗死患者的潜在预后因素。结果 与预后良好组比较,预后不良组术前、术后24 h NIHSS评分更高,房颤史比例更高,ASPECT评分更低,差异有统计学意义（t=2.221、3.668、4.850,P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,术后24 h NIHSS评分、ASPECT评分均是影响急性脑梗死患者机械取栓预后的独立影响因素（OR=1.479、0.293,P<0.05）。结论 术后24 h NIHSS评分高、ASPECT评分低是急性脑梗死患者机械取栓治疗预后不佳的危险因素。     

小儿病毒性脑炎近期康复风险的Logistic回归概率模型的建立

目的：回顾性分析小儿病毒性脑炎的临床资料，寻找影响其近期康复的危险因素。方法：对1998年1月-2004年11月中山大学附属第一医院收治的140例病毒性脑炎患儿的临床及检验指标进行回顾性分析，依近期疗效分组评估，运用Logistic回归分析等多种方法，寻找可能的危险因素并建立Logistic回归概率模型。结果：近期康复差组的患儿多数伴有肢体瘫痪[OR（相对危险度）=15．220，P〈0．011、颅神经麻痹（OR=16．188，P〈0．05）和脑电图高度异常（OR=6．126，P〈0．05）；且发热持续时间（OR=1．088．P〈0．01）和意识障碍持续时间（OR=1．102，P〈0．01）明显长于近期康复好组。以此得出的Logistic回归概率模型敏感性为81．7％，特异性为90．0％。结论：小儿病毒性脑炎近期康复的危险因素有肢体瘫痪、发热时间长、意识障碍时间长、颅神经麻痹和脑电图高度异常。     

痉挛性脑性瘫痪早产儿脑CT图像形态学危险因素的相关分析

目的：对痉挛性脑性瘫痪早产儿的断层影像资料进行相关因素分析，以确定早产儿痉挛性脑性瘫痪的形态学危险因素的图像特征。方法：①选择1997—10／2004-06广州市儿童医院新生儿科住院治疗的新生儿87例，男58例，女29例；平均年龄1岁11个月，男孩年龄5个月-6岁，女孩年龄6个月～5岁1个月。孕龄均小于36周；均有完整CT图像资料；监护人知情同意。②分析87例脑瘫患儿的CT影像资料，按形态学相关因素分为5组：X1（脑萎缩）；X2（脑室扩大）；X3（灰质异常增多异位）；X4（白质丢失）；X5（脑室周围白质角度）。③采用SPSS 11．0统计软件对早产儿痉挛性脑瘫的形态学相关因素进行非条件logistic单因素及多因素回归分析，第一步将X4（白质丢失）作自变量强迫引入，Y作应变量。第2步将X1，X2，X3，X5变量采用向后剔除似然法由计算机模型逐步筛选，对肢体瘫痪变量的危险因素暴露度，回归分析结果作假设检验确定回归方程的意义。结果：①Logistic单因素及多因素回归分析结果表明侧脑室容积大小对于早产儿痉挛性脑瘫危险因素不如灰质异常，其危险度（诊断意义）及特异度显然不能与灰质异常增多和异位相比（多因素分析：脑萎缩危险因素的DR〈0．7，P=0．032，wald值为4．624；脑室扩大变量的OR=0．752，P=0．536，wald值为0．383；而灰质异常增多和异位的OR=8．874，P=0．013，偏回归系数为2．183，wald值为6．142；白质丢失OR=1．792，P=0．039，偏回归系数为-0．233，wald值为4．274，95％CI：0．525-2．494；室周白质角度OR=4．311，偏回归系数为1．461，wald值为0．398，95％CI：1．079-17．227）。灰质异常增多和异位、室周白质角度及白质丢失是肢体痉挛脑性瘫痪的危险因素，其中灰质异常增多和异位较白质丢失和室周白质角度更为重要。②脑萎缩和脑室扩大对判断肢体痉挛脑瘫无特异性，年龄因素亦被回归模型排除。结论：早产儿脑灰质异位、增多等异常是痉挛性脑性瘫痪的主要相关因素，此异位发生于侧脑室上部室管膜旁的灰质时，对于诊断痉挛性脑性瘫痪具有特异性。     

100例重症病毒性肺炎临床特征及影响预后的危险因素分析

目的：探讨重症病毒性肺炎临床特征及影响预后的危险因素。方法：将2019年2月至2022年2月河南省许昌市中心医院收治的100例重症病毒性肺炎患者纳入本研究，收集所有患者的临床资料，根据预后情况分为存活组与死亡组，采用Logistic多因素分析重症病毒性肺炎临床特征及影响预后的危险因素。结果：100例重症病毒性肺炎均接受治疗后1年的随访，其中因死亡或可预见死亡转自动出院的患者28例（28.00%）纳入预后不良组，其余72例（72.00%）纳入预后良好组。两组性别、高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、白蛋白（ALB）及白细胞水平对比，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；两组年龄、累及器官损害数量、急性生理与慢性健康（APACHEⅡ）评分、呼吸机使用时间对比，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；经非条件Logistic回归分析结果得出，年龄≥65岁、累及器官损害数量≥3个、APACHEⅡ评分≥30分、呼吸机使用时间≥72 h是影响重症病毒性肺炎的预后不良的危险因素（OR＞1，P＜0.05）。结论：重症病毒性肺炎预后不良的危险因素较多，主要包括年龄≥65岁、累及器官损害数量≥3个、APACHEⅡ评分≥30分、呼吸机使用时间≥72 h等，临床应根据上述因素制定有效防治措施，以促进患者预后改善。     

脑卒中尿失禁患者的预后研究

目的：探讨影响脑卒中后尿失禁患者预后的相关因素，以及尿失禁的恢复对脑卒中患者3个月预后的影响。方法：以住院的急性脑卒中患者发病两周内有尿失禁者为研究对象，记录其人口特征、脑卒中危险因素、最初脑卒中严重性(眼球运动障碍、失语、吞咽困难、意识状况)，并进行神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)、日常生活活动能力评分(BI)及简易精神状态测定(MMSE)；3个月后随访，调查尿失禁恢复情况及功能康复情况(OHS)，根据尿失禁的预后把患者分为两组：恢复自主排尿组和持续尿失禁组，并对两组患者以上各方面特征进行比较。结果：多因素Logistic回归分析发现：格拉斯哥昏迷量表评分小于或等于9分的患者比评分10～15分的患者3个月后持续尿失禁的可能性大[OR=20.93；95％C1(4．32，101．36)]；有认知功能缺损的患者3个月后恢复自主排尿的可能性小[OR=14．19；95％C1(3．81，52.80)]。3个月后生活不能自理者，在恢复自主排尿组18例(21％，18／86)，持续尿失禁组24例(80％，24／30)，差异有非常显著性意义x^2=33.60，P&;lt;0.001)。结论：脑卒中急性期严重意识障碍、认知功能缺损是尿失禁预后不良的独立预测指标，持续尿失禁的脑卒中患者3个月后生活多不能自理。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.