丹酚酸B在水溶液中的稳定性研究

目的 研究温度对丹酚酸B在水溶液中稳定性的影响.方法 采用经典恒温加速试验法考察丹酚酸B在对照品水溶液中和丹参水提液中的含量变化,对比两条件下的试验结果;通过各条件下浓度的自然对数InC与时间t作图,确定丹酚酸B随温度降解的反应级数;预测各温度下的半衰期(t_(1/2))及有效期(t_(0.9)).结果 2种条件下丹酚酸B的含量均随温度的变化符合一级动力学方程,温度升高而含量降低,且丹酚酸B对照品溶液中降解速度明显高于丹参水提液.结论 丹酚酸B在不同温度下稳定性差别较大,制备制剂过程中应给予足够的重视.     

丹红注射液与维生素B6注射液配伍液中酚酸类成分的稳定性考察

目的 考察丹红注射液与维生素B6注射液在0.9%氯化钠注射液中配伍的稳定性.方法 采用高效液相法梯度洗脱测定配伍液中丹参素、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B的含量,并测定其24 h内在25℃的pH值.结果 丹红注射液与维生素B6注射液配伍后的pH值基本稳定,主要成分丹参素、原儿茶醛和丹酚酸B的含量均无显著变化.结论 丹红注射液与维生素B6注射液配伍后pH值和丹参素、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B的质量基本稳定.     

大孔树脂富集丹参水溶性有效成分的工艺研究

目的 考察利用大孔树脂富集丹参水提取液中有效成分丹参素钠、原儿茶醛和丹酚酸B的工艺方法.方法 以丹参素钠、原儿茶醛和丹酚酸B含量之和为指标,HPLC检测分离前后有效成分的含量变化.采用单因素考察法对树脂种类、上样溶液浓度、pH值、上样量、洗脱剂浓度、用量和流速等进行考察.结果 最佳纯化工艺参数为:按1.1g/mL(生药量/树脂量)的上样量配制浓度为1g/mL的上样溶液,调其pH值为3,上D101型大孔吸附树脂柱,采用去离子水以0.5 mL/min的流速,洗脱5倍体积(BV),然后再用6 BV的40%乙醇洗脱,流速为0.5 mL/min,所得精制品中总酚酸含量为85%,转移率高达70%.结论 采用D101树脂可以改进分离纯化工艺,去除杂质,提高粗提物中有效成分含量.     

温度对丹参饮片中丹酚酸B含量变化的影响

目的 研究温度对丹参饮片中丹酚酸B含量变化的影响。方法 采用加速试验法测定丹参饮片中丹酚酸B在不同温度下加热不同时间的含量变化。结果丹参饮片中,丹酚酸B降解的速率常数的对数（lgk）对温度的倒数1/T的关系为：Y=8.425×10^9X＋157403.9,r=0.9905,t1/2=222天。结论 丹参饮片中丹酚酸B在不同温度下稳定性有很大的差别。提示在实际储存过程中,丹参饮片必须注意温度的调控。     

丹酚酸B在心肌细胞和血管内皮细胞内的摄取特性

目的： 研究丹参水溶性成分丹酚酸B在心肌细胞和血管内皮细胞中的摄取特性。方法： 考察时间、温度、药物浓度、介质pH等因素对心肌细胞和血管内皮细胞摄取丹酚酸B的影响,采用 LC/MS测定细胞内丹酚酸B的浓度。结果： 心肌细胞和血管内皮细胞在37 ℃和4 ℃条件下对丹酚酸 B的摄取符合对数模型,细胞摄取量与细胞外药物浓度成正比并随介质pH的减小而显著增加,同时丹参中其他水溶性成分明显促进丹酚酸B的摄取,使其摄取量增加30%以上。细胞能量代谢抑制剂能显著抑制丹酚酸B在心肌细胞和内皮细胞中的摄取。在温孵药液中加入乳酸和脂肪酸,心肌细胞和血管内皮细胞对丹酚酸B的摄取均增加20%以上。结论： pH是影响丹酚酸B摄取的主要因素,酸性介质促进了丹酚酸B 在心肌细胞和血管内皮细胞中的摄取,提示心肌缺血等心血管疾病造成的内环境酸度增加能明显提高心肌细胞和血管内皮细胞对丹酚酸B的摄取,更好地发挥其心血管活性。     

丹参酚酸肠吸收特性研究

目的 以丹参素钠和原儿茶醛为指标,研究丹参酚酸肠吸收特性.方法 建立丹参素钠和原儿茶醛含量测定方法,采用大鼠在体肠吸收法,考察不同吸收部位、药物浓度、介质pH对丹参素钠和原儿茶醛吸收量的影响,考察吸收动力学参数.结果 丹参素钠和原儿茶醛在小肠各段均有吸收,无特定吸收部位;在实验所设定的浓度范围内2种成分的吸收量均与浓度呈现出良好的线性关系,没有吸收饱和现象发生;pH值对丹参素钠的肠吸收量没有显著影响,而对原儿茶醛有影响;丹参素钠吸收速率常数Ka 0.3996 h-1,T1/2 1.734 h,原儿茶醛吸收速率常数Ka 0.4019 h-1,T1/2 1.724 h.结论 丹参酚酸在肠道中吸收良好,吸收机制为被动扩散.     

丹参饮水提液酚酸类成分溶出特性及降解动力学研究

【目的】观察加热温度及时间对丹参饮水提液中酚酸类成分的影响。【方法】采用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)法测定丹参饮水提液中丹参素、原儿茶醛和丹酚酸B含量,经典恒温加速试验法考察各成分含量变化。【结果】3个成分中丹酚酸B的含量随温度升高和加热时间的延长而逐渐下降,其降解符合一级动力学特征。【结论】丹参饮水提液中水溶性成分不稳定,檀香和砂仁会加快丹参的降解,提示在提取、浓缩等工艺中应注意加热温度及时间对其含量的影响。     

正交试验法优选丹参中丹酚酸B的提取工艺

目的优化丹酚酸B提取工艺。方法以提取物的得率及HPLC法测定丹酚酸B含量为指标,考察乙醇浓度、加醇量、提取时间、温度对提取的影响。结果除提取时间外,其它因素对提取物得率的影响均达显著水平,而对其含量的影响以乙醇浓度和温度影响显著。综合最佳提取工艺为70%醇浓度,12倍加液量,于50℃提取1 h。结论以此工艺可获得最佳提取物得率和丹酚酸B含量。     

丹参中总酚酸的分离纯化工艺研究

目的考察不同分离纯化工艺对丹参中酚酸类成分提取效率的影响。方法以丹参提取液中丹酚酸B和总酚酸转移率为指标,考察不同分离纯化工艺,并采用HPLC法测定各成分的量。结果纯化工艺确定为60%、80%乙醇醇沉两次,相应乙醇体积分数洗涤沉淀;醋酸乙酯和10%碳酸钠溶液交替萃取。结论水提醇沉和醋酸乙酯萃取法适合于丹参总酚酸的分离纯化。     

加热与常温渗漉-层析提取工艺对丹参水提物的影响

分别采用渗漉层析耦合和不同温度下加热提取工艺,从同一批丹参中提取水溶性成分丹酚酸,并采用高效液相色谱分析产物,研究提取工艺和温度对丹参水提物中丹酚酸B的含量、提取率及产物色谱谱图的影响。结果表明,用渗漉层析耦合工艺得到的丹参水提物中的丹酚酸B含量最高且小分子酚酸类化合物很少;采用加热提取工艺时小分子酚酸类化合物种类及含量随温度（60~100 ℃）的升高而增加,丹酚酸B含量及提取率随提取温度的升高呈现由高到低又增高的规律、两者在100 ℃时达到最大值。研究表明应根据对丹参水提物及其制剂的质量与安全性要求选择合适的工艺及工艺条件。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.