家庭病床护理对老年慢性疾病患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨家庭病床护理对慢性疾病患者生活质量的影响。方法随机选取2006年6月～2008年12月未能长期住院治疗或缓解期出院的慢性疾病患者357例,在开展家庭病床治疗前和开展家庭病床治疗后3～6个月使用健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)对患者的生活质量进行测评。结果家庭护理干预后患者生活质量与干预前相比差别具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论家庭护理干预能有效提高慢性疾病患者的生活质量。     

150名老年慢性病患者的生活质量评估

目的：了解老年慢性病患者的生活质量现状，探索其影响因素，从而提出相关对策。方法：收集本院住院的老年慢性病患者，进行症状自评量表（SCL－90）及生活质量（QOL）的评定，结果：（1）在该老年慢性病患者人群中有78％生活质量下降，77．33％心理健康障碍，（2）多元逐步回归分析表明影响该老年患者人群QOL的主要因素为经济收入水平，心理健康，年龄，躯体健康状况，其回归方程为Y生活质量＝36．967－0．734X年龄＋2．012X经济－0．0352X心理－0712X疾病（P＜0．05），结论：本组老年慢性病患者人群生活质量下降是普遍的，主要受经济收入水平，心理健康状况，年龄，躯体健康状况等因素的影响，改善老年人的躯体，心理健康，经济收入可提高老年慢性病患者的生活质量。     

Changes in Health Status, Psychological Distress, and Quality of Life in COPD Patients after Hospitalization

The purpose of this paper was to describe quality of life (QoL) following an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to examine possible relationships between QoL, health status, psychological distress and QoL. This prospective longitudinal study examined data from hospitalization and two subsequent phases, collected over a 9-month period. The sample consisted of 51 COPD patients aged 48–87 years. Health status was assessed with the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ); psychological distress with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL); and quality of life using the World Health Organization Quality of Life – Bref (WHOQOL – Bref). Health status improved significantly over the 9 months; from 65.95 to 59.40 (p = 0.001) in the SGRQ total score. Psychological distress improved significantly from hospitalization to the 1-month assessment (T2) (p = 0.001). QoL remained stable except for a significant increase in the physical domain from hospitalization to T2, and in the environmental domain from hospitalization to T2 and T3. Test–retest correlations of the WHOQOL – Bref were high. The results suggest an improvement in the health status over a 9-month period from being discharged after an exacerbation of COPD in spite of high levels of psychological distress and reduced QoL.     

慢性中度乙型肝炎住院患者生存质量的分析

目的:调查并评价慢性中度乙型肝炎患者的生存质量。方法:采用补充修订的SF-36对50例慢性中度乙型肝炎患者和正常人进行自评测量。结果:患者生存质量的各个方面得分都低于正常人,除健康感觉和经济方面外,其余均有显著性差异。总体健康、食欲、最近一个月的生活状况、健康转变等的得分在70-80分之间,精力/疲劳、躯体机能、心理机能、认知机能、经济、睡眠、健康感觉、社会机能等的得分在80～90分之间,日常活动能力,疼痛等方面的得分在90分以上。结论:慢性中度乙型肝炎患者的生存质量比正常人显著降低。     

家庭病床护理对老年慢性疾病患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨家庭病床护理对慢性疾病患者生活质量的影响。方法随机选取2006年6月～2008年12月未能长期住院治疗或缓解期出院的慢性疾病患者357例．在开展家庭病床治疗前和开展家庭病床治疗后3～6个月使用健康状况调查问卷（SF-36）对患者的生活质量进行测评。结果家庭护理干预后患者生活质量与干预前相比差别具有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论家庭护理干预能有效提高慢性疾病患者的生活质量：     

The Associations Between Life Satisfaction and Health-related Quality of Life, Chronic Illness, and Health Behaviors among U.S. Community-dwelling Adults

The primary purpose of this article was to examine the associations between life satisfaction level and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), chronic illness, and adverse health behaviors among adults in the U.S. and its territories. Data were obtained from the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, an ongoing, state-based, random-digit telephone survey of the noninstitutionalized U.S. population aged ≥18 years. An estimated 5.6% of U.S. adults (about 12 million) reported that they were dissatisfied/very dissatisfied with their lives. As the level of life satisfaction decreased, the prevalence of fair/poor general health, disability, and infrequent social support increased as did the mean number of days in the past 30 days of physical distress, mental distress, activity limitation, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, sleep insufficiency, and pain. The prevalence of smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, and heavy drinking also increased with decreasing level of life satisfaction. Moreover, adults with chronic illnesses were significantly more likely than those without to report life dissatisfaction. Notably, all of these associations remained significant after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Our findings showed that HRQOL and health risk behaviors varied with level of life satisfaction. As life satisfaction appears to encompass many individual life domains, it may be an important concept for public health research. Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.     

慢性病对成都农村社区老年人生命质量的影响

采用自己设计的问卷，对成都市龙泉镇２４５２名６０岁及以上老年人的生命质量和慢性病患病情况进行了询问调查，结果表明农村老年人的慢性病患病率（６１４．２‰）较高，近１／３患有两种或两种以上的疾病；从患病频度看，影响农村老年人健康前几位慢性病为呼吸系病、消化系病、循环系病、肌肉骨骼系病和五官疾病；单因素和多因素分析表明，对生命质量影响较大的慢性病依次为精神疾病、循环系病、五官疾病、外伤、肿瘤和神经系病。因此从生命质量和疾病频度角度出发确定的疾病重要性不同，提示确定疾病重要性需要考虑生命质量。     

心理干预改善妇科恶性肿瘤患者生活质量的临床研究

目的：探讨实施心理干预对于改善妇科恶性肿瘤患者生活质量的临床作用。方法：选取2013年4月-2014年2月本院就诊治疗的妇科恶性肿瘤患者52例,在行个性化治疗的基础上进行心理干预护理,分别于干预前及干预后发放焦虑自评表（SAS）、抑郁自评表（SDS）、癌症患者生活质量核心问卷（QLQ-C30）,以了解患者干预前后心理状况、生活质量情况。结果：较中国常模结果,干预前患者的SAS、SDS平均得分均升高;心理干预实施后,患者SAS、SDS评分显著降低（P〈0.01）。同时,干预后患者躯体功能、角色功能、情绪功能、认知功能、社会功能评分及总体健康评分均较干预前显著升高（P〈0.01）;症状量表中除呼吸困难外,各项症状评分均较干预前显著降低（P〈0.05）,而干预后呼吸困难评分也有所降低,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：妇科恶性肿瘤患者发生焦虑、抑郁现象较为普遍,通过心理干预的实施,能够有效缓解患者的心理障碍,提高其生活质量。     

COPD稳定期患者疾病严重程度与生命质量的相关性研究

目的研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者疾病严重程度与生命质量的相关性。方法对79例慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者进行综合评估,根据严重程度分为A、B、C和D组,与对照组（18例）分别进行36条目健康测量简表（SF-36）评分,比较组间生命质量各维度的差别。结果A组患者在SF-36量表各维度得分与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。B、C和D组患者生命质量较对照组下降,D组下降维度最多且得分最低。结论COPD患者的生活质量较差,随着COPD患者疾病严重程度增加其生命质量下降。     

Health-related quality of life associated with chronic conditions in eight countries: Results from the International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) Project

CONTEXT: Few studies and no international comparisons have examined the impact of multiple chronic conditions on populations using a comprehensive health-related quality of life (HRQL) questionnaire. OBJECTIVE: The impact of common chronic conditions on HRQL among the general populations of eight countries was assessed. DESIGN: Cross-sectional mail and interview surveys were conducted. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Sample representatives of the adult general population of eight countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, Norway and the United States) were evaluated. Sample sizes ranged from 2031 to 4084. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported prevalence of chronic conditions (including allergies, arthritis, congestive heart failure, chronic lung disease, hypertension, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease), sociodemographic data and the SF-36 Health Survey were obtained. The SF-36 scale and summary scores were estimated for individuals with and without selected chronic conditions and compared across countries using multivariate linear regression analyses. Adjustments were made for age, gender, marital status, education and the mode of SF-36 administration. RESULTS: More than half (55.1%) of the pooled sample reported at least one chronic condition, and 30.2% had more than one. Hypertension, allergies and arthritis were the most frequently reported conditions. The effect of ischemic heart disease on many of the physical health scales was noteworthy, as was the impact of diabetes on general health, or arthritis on bodily pain scale scores. Arthritis, chronic lung disease and congestive heart failure were the conditions with a higher impact on SF-36 physical summary score, whereas for hypertension and allergies, HRQL impact was low (comparing with a typical person without chronic conditions, deviation scores were around -4 points for the first group and -1 for the second). Differences between chronic conditions in terms of their impact on SF-36 mental summary score were low (deviation scores ranged between -1 and -2). CONCLUSIONS: Arthritis has the highest HRQL impact in the general population of the countries studied due to the combination of a high deviation score on physical scales and a high frequency. Impact of chronic conditions on HRQL was similar roughly across countries, despite important variation in prevalence. The use of HRQL measures such as the SF-36 should be useful to better characterize the global burden of disease.     

中山市离退休干部生活质量及慢性病调查

目的了解中山市离退休干部生活质量及患慢性病的现状,研究老干部生活质量的影响因素。方法对227例离退休干部进行生活质量问卷及评估,并调查其患慢性病情况。结果调查对象的生活质量处于良、中、差水平的比例分别是58.2%,37.4%,4.4%;慢性病的患病率达100%。结论该群体的总体生活质量处于中等偏上水平,各种慢性病是影响离退休干部生活质量的主要原因。     

老年住院病人健康知识掌握程度与生活质量的相关性

目的了解内科老年住院病人健康知识掌握程度对生活质量的影响,为做好内科老年住院病人的护理工作和提高他们的生活质量,提供科学合理的指导方法。方法青州市人民医院2008年1月—2009年3月期间因心血管疾病住院的、意识清晰、具有良好口头表达能力、且愿意接受问卷调查的156位老年人为研究对象,用健康知识掌握程度问卷和李凌江与杨德森[1]编制的生活质量综合评定问卷对本组病人进行问卷调查,采集数据,进行统计学处理。结果健康知识掌握程度与性别、年龄、婚姻状况无关,与受教育程度高低呈正相关(r=0.206,P0.05);健康知识掌握程度与生活质量呈显著正相关(r=0.215,P0.05)。结论健康知识的掌握程度影响老年内科住院病人的生活质量。根据现有的护理现状,应采用多种方式相结合的健康指导形式,提高病人对健康知识的掌握程度,提高老人的生活质量。     

生命质量的跨文化研究现状

生命质量目前已广泛应用于社会各领域,成为不可或缺的重要指标和评定工具。随着医学和卫生保健国际交流的广泛化,生命质量的跨文化研究成为新的研究热点。对当前国际上活跃的生命质量跨文化研究项目进行阐明,并分析存在的问题。     

概化理论在慢性病生命质量测定量表共性模块评价中的应用

目的用概化理论对慢性病患者生命质量测定量表体系共性模块 (QLICD-GM) 生理、心理和社会功能 3 个领域的概化全域进行评价。方法用 QLICD-GM 量表对 8 种慢性病 1 024 名患者进行入院时和出院时的两次测试, 采用概化理论中的随机双面交叉 (嵌套) 设计模型计算概化全域的变异度分解和概化系数、可靠性系数等, 采用 SPSS13.0 软件进行计算和作图。结果概化理论的 G 研究表明: 研究对象的变异效应为 4.82, 在总方差中占的比重为 68%。 D 研究表明: 尝试不同条目数, 被试者与题目之间的交互作用、被试与时间交互作用、被试与时间、条目之间的交互作用及相对误差和绝对误差均小于 1, 概化系数和可靠性指数均大于 0.9。结论慢性病患者生命质量测定量表体系共性模块有较好的信度和效度。两次调查的反应性比较好, 如果要达到较好的信度, 实际工作中建议共性模块选用 35 个左右的条目比较好。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病的健康教育研究

慢性阻塞性肺疾病是呼吸系统常见病之一。本文通过阐述慢性阻塞性肺疾病健康教育的基本理论、必要性及国内外现状,讲述慢性阻塞性肺疾病健康教育的主要内容及评估方法,结合实际提出相应的实施对策。     

芜湖市大学生生活质量调查研究

目的了解在校大学生生活质量现状及其影响因素。方法采用世界卫生组织生活质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)对芜湖市3所高校700名大学生进行问卷调查。结果大学生生活质量总体水平居中,总的生活质量随年级增高呈逐步下降趋势并存在显著的年级差异,心理健康状况与大学生生活质量关系密切。结论相关部门应重视大学生的生活质量状况,有区别地针对不同性别、健康状况、不同专业及来源的大学生加强教育,以改善大学生的生活质量。     

The Impact of 29 Chronic Conditions on Health-related Quality of Life: A General Population Survey in Finland Using 15D and EQ-5D

Background Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an essential outcome of health care, but there is no gold standard of HRQoL measurement. We investigated the impact of major chronic conditions on HRQoL using 15D and EQ-5D in a representative sample of Finns.Methods Information on chronic somatic conditions was obtained by interviews. Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed using a structured interview (M-CIDI). Tobit and CLAD regression analysis was used to estimate the impact of conditions on HRQoL at the individual and population level.Main results Adjusted for other conditions and sociodemographic variables, Parkinson’s disease had the largest negative impact on HRQoL at the individual level, followed by anxiety disorders, depressive disorders and arthrosis of the hip and knee. Based on prevalence, arthrosis of the hip or knee, depression, back problems and urinary incontinence caused the greatest loss of HRQoL at the population level. The results obtained with the two HRQoL measures differed markedly for some conditions and the EQ-5D results also varied with the regression method used.Conclusions Musculoskeletal disorders are associated with largest losses of HRQoL in the Finnish population, followed by psychiatric conditions. Different HRQoL measures may systematically emphasize different conditions.     

The Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR): A Measure of Health-Related Quality of Life and Quality of Life for Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension

Objective: No outcome measures specific to pulmonary hypertension (PH) currently exist. The aim of the study was to develop health-related quality of life (symptoms and functioning) scales and a quality of life scale that would allow comprehensive, accurate and valid patient-reported outcome assessment in clinical studies. Methods: The content of the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) was derived from qualitative interviews conducted with 35 patients. Item reduction was based on the analysis of responses to a postal survey (n=75) and patient interviews (n=15) designed to determine face and content validity. A final postal validation study (n=91) was performed to determine reproducibility and construct validity. Results: The questionnaire was well received by participants who found it to be relevant, comprehensible and quick and easy to complete. Rasch and factor analyses were conducted to ensure unidimensionality of the final CAMPHOR scales; Overall symptoms (made up of Energy, Breathlessness and Mood subscales), Functioning and Quality of life. The CAMPHOR scales had good internal consistency (α=0.90–0.92) and reproducibility (test–retest correlations=0.86–0.92). They also exhibited convergent, divergent and known groups validity. Conclusions: The CAMPHOR is a valuable new instrument for assessing patient-reported outcome in PH clinical trials and routine practice.     

改善老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病102例病人的生活质量的护理研究

目的分析并评价心理护理应用于改善老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）病人生活质量的效果。方法随机将我院2011年3月至2012年4月期间收治的102例老年COPD病人分为实验组与对照纽各51例,两纽均给予常规护理措施,实验纽在常规护理的基础上实施心理护理。同时应用COPD病人生活质量调查表进行生活质量的评估。结果实验组治疗30d后病人的日常生活活动能力、焦虑症状及抑郁症状同对照组治疗30d后相比差异显著,存在统计学意义（P〈0．05）：实验组治疗30d后社会活动能力与对照组治疗30d后相比差异显著,存在统计学意义（P〈0,01）。结论在实施常规护理的基础上开展心理护理能够有效改善老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人的生活质量．值得临床推广应用。     

The Role of Perceived Social Support on Quality of Life in People with Cardiovascular Diseases

BackgroundCardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are one of the major causes of hospitalization and mortality worldwide. Strengthening perceived social support and quality of life can reduce these problems. This study aimed to describe the role of perceived social support on cardiovascular patients'' quality of life.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 to February 2021. We selected 150 cardiovascular patients through convenience sampling. The questionnaires included: the Persian version of the WHOQOL-BREF, Perceived Social Support, and demographic variables. Hierarchical linear regression was used to explore the association between perceived social support and quality of life. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21.0 software. A P-value less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant.ResultsThe demographic variables could predict 12.2% of the variance of quality of life in the first step. In the second step, after adjusting control variables and dimensions of social support, the predictability increased to 29% of the variance with the addition of variables. All dimensions of social support, excluding tangible assets support, were significant predictors of quality of life and monthly income status. Self-esteem support (β= 0.387) was the strongest predictor of quality of life in cardiovascular patients.ConclusionsPatients with higher perceived social support have a better quality of life than the other patients. Perceived social support is one of the strategies that can be utilized to improve quality of life and overcome disease in cardiovascular patients.