Outcomes of endometrial-polyp treatment with hysteroscopy in operating room

To assess the results of using a resectoscope in the hysteroscopic resection of endometrial polyps that were previously diagnosed by office hysteroscopy and to demonstrate the necessity of extraction for histological study. A prospective long-term follow-up study (level of evidence II-2). University Hospital. 303 women presenting a hysteroscopic image of an endometrial polyp. Interventions: Office hysteroscopy, hysteroscopic resection of polyps by means of a resectoscope and an anatomopathological study of the polyps. Statistical analysis was performed. 303 diagnosed endometrial polyp formations were resected by means of hysteroscopy during surgery. In all cases, biopsies of the uterine cavity or of the polyp were negative. Resection of the polyps with hysteroscopy in the operating room using a resectoscope proved to be a safe technique. The anatomopathological study of the polyps showed hyperplasia with atypias in 10 cases (3.3%) and endometrial cancer in 9 women (3.0%). Our study data suggest that endometrial polyps should be resected because they may harbor malignant or premalignant lesions. Hysteroscopic surgery is recommended for its simplicity and scant complications.     

Prediction of Premalignant and Malignant Endometrial Polyps by Clinical and Hysteroscopic Features

Study ObjectiveTo investigate whether hysteroscopic features can contribute to the diagnosis of malignancy in endometrial polyps.DesignRetrospective review.SettingObstetrics and gynecology department.PatientsAll women who underwent operative hysteroscopy for the removal of endometrial polyps between January 2012 and September 2017. Their medical records were reviewed, and information on medical, surgical, and obstetric history and hysteroscopic findings (including the number, size, and vascular appearance of the polyps) were abstracted.InterventionsOperative hysteroscopy with resection or biopsy of endometrial polyps.Measurements and Main ResultsFive hundred fifty-six women were included in the study. Their mean age was 55.4 ± 12.4 years, and 322 (57.9%) were menopausal. Endometrial carcinoma was found in 26 (4.7%) cases, whereas endometrial hyperplasia was found in 5 (0.9%) cases. Endometrial carcinoma or hyperplasia was significantly associated with patients’ age, menopausal status, increased polyp vascularity on hysteroscopy, and the presence of 3 or more polyps on hysteroscopy (p <.01 for all comparisons). However, the size of the largest polyp was not associated with endometrial carcinoma or hyperplasia. On logistic regression analysis, only increased polyp vascularity was associated with endometrial carcinoma or hyperplasia (odds ratio =13.5; 95% confidence interval, 5.6–32.3; p <.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of polyp vascularity for the diagnosis of polyps of nonbenign pathology were 51.6%, 94.3%, 34.8%, and 97.1%, respectively.ConclusionHysteroscopic findings of increased vascularity of endometrial polyps and numerous endometrial polyps may suggest the diagnosis of malignant polyps, in addition to demographic parameters such as age and menopausal status.     

Pregnancy rates after hysteroscopic polypectomy depending on the size or number of the polyps

Objective To assess the reproductive benefits of hysteroscopic polypectomy in previous infertile women depending on the size or number of the polyps. Design and methods In this retrospective study, from February 2000 to September 2005, totally 83 selected women were included with: a) diagnoses of primary or secondary infertility, endometrial polyp/polyps and abnormal uterine bleeding. Endometrial polyps were diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasound followed by diagnostic hysteroscopy, to confirm diagnosis, and hysteroscopic polypectomy. All 83 subjects who consisted the study group, met inclusion criteria: age under 35 years, at least 12 months of infertility, from 3 to 8 months menstrual disorders (intermenstrual bleeding or spotting, menometrorrhagia or menorrhagia) and from 3 to 18 months of follow-up with attempts to conceive after hysteroscopic polypectomy. The endometrial polyp/polyps appeared to be the only reason to explain their infertility after infertility workup of the couples. There was a comparison of fertility rates after hysteroscopic polypectomy between patients having endometrial polyp ≤ 1 cm and patients with bigger or multiple polyps. Results Of the 83 subjects, all were found to have endometrial polyps in diagnostic hysteroscopy, confirmed at histologic examination after hysteroscopic polypectomy. Among patients of the study group, there were no significant differences in age, type or length of infertility, or follow-up period after the procedure. The mean size of the endometrial polyps was 1.9 ± 1.4.cm. Thirty-one patients had endometrial polyp ≤ 1 cm and 52 patients had bigger or multiple endometrial polyps. Following polypectomy, menstrual pattern was normalized in 91.6% of patients. Spontaneous pregnancy and delivery at term rates, in the total population of the study, increased after the procedure and were 61.4% and 54.2% respectively. There was no statistical difference in fertility rates between patients having polyps ≤ 1 cm and patients having >1 cm polyps or multiple polyps. Spontaneous abortion rate in the first trimester of pregnancy was 6% of the total number of patients and there was no statistical difference between patients with small or bigger/multiple polyps. Type of infertility did not affect fertility rates after hysteroscopic polypectomy. Complication rate after hysteroscopic polypectomy was as low as 2.4%, while recurrence rate of the procedure reached 4.9% of patients. Conclusion Hysteroscopic polypectomy of endometrial polyps appeared to improve fertility and increase pregnancy rates in previous infertile women with no other reason to explain their infertility, irrespective of the size or number of the polyps. Type of infertility of patients seems not to affect fertility rates after hysteroscopic polypectomy. Menstrual pattern was normalized in the majority of patients after hysteroscopic polypectomy. In addition, hysteroscopic polypectomy is a safe procedure with low complication rate.     

A randomized prospective study of the use of endometrial ablation for prevention of recurrent endometrial polyps in breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen

Objective: To assess the roles of endometrial ablation in prevention of recurrence of tamoxifen-associated endometrial polyps in breast cancer patients.Design: A randomized prospective study of tamoxifen-treated patients who underwent hysteroscopic removal of endometrial polyps with or without simultaneous resection of the endometrium.Materials and Methods: Twenty consecutive women (aged 43–61 years) undergoing hysteroscopic removal of tamoxifen-associated endometrial polyps were randomized via a computer-generated random table to undergo or not to undergo concomitant endometrial ablation. All patients had undergone endometrial sampling prior to the procedure. The patients were followed for at least 18 months (range 18–24 months). The follow-up included transvaginal ultrasonography every 6 months and hysteroscopy when endometrial irregularity was noted. The main outcome variable was recurrence of endometrial polyps while the occurrence of uterine bleeding was noted.Results: In the 10 study group women, who underwent endometrial ablation, only 1 patient had a 1 × 1 cm endometrial polyp diagnosed and removed during the follow-up period. Seven of the study women remained amenorrheic, and 3 experienced spotting a few days every month. In the control group, a recurrent endometrial polyp, necessitating hysteroscopic removal, was diagnosed postoperatively in 6 women (two-tailed Fisher’s Exact test; P < .06).Conclusion: Recurrence of endometrial polyps, one of the most common problems in breast cancer patients receiving long-term treatment with tamoxifen, can be significantly reduced by performing endometrial ablation at the time of hysteroscopic removal of the polyp. The possible risk of occult endometrial cancer is yet to be determined.     

Specific hysteroscopic findings can efficiently distinguish the differences between malignant and benign endometrial polyps

ObjectiveTo evaluate differences in hysteroscopic findings between benign endometrial polyps and endometrial cancer.Materials and methodsFrom January 2012 to December 2016, we extracted 179 cases with endometrial polyps from 3066 women who underwent hysteroscopy followed by dilatation and curettage or transcervical resection, with 154 and 25 cases of benign and malignant endometrial polyps, respectively. Clinical characteristics, histopathological and hysteroscopic findings of the women were evaluated retrospectively.ResultsThe hysteroscopic findings of malignant polyps were hyper-vascular (72%, 18/25), ulcerative (64%, 16/25) and polyps with irregular surfaces (24%, 6/25). In contrast, pedunculate small growths with smooth surfaces were usually seen in the benign endometrial polyps (38.3%, 59/154). Hyper-vascular (OR: 142.6, 95% CI: 25.98–783.4) and polyps with irregular surfaces (OR: 12.02, 95% CI: 1.765–81.83) in hysteroscopic findings were significant strong predictors of endometrial polyps with endometrial cancer. Hysteroscopic findings of ulcerative changes were most strongly associated with a diagnosis of malignant polyps, with sensitivity, specificity, negative (NPV) and positive (PPV) predictive values of 64.0%, 100%, 94.5%, and 100%, respectively.ConclusionWomen with hysteroscopic findings of endometrial polyps with hyper-vascular, ulcerative, and polyps with irregular surfaces had a high likelihood of endometrial cancer. A target biopsy of the polyps with these specific appearances should be performed to exclude malignant lesions.     

Sessile polyps and pedunculated polyps respond differently to oral contraceptives

Endometrial polyp is the lesion frequently found by hysteroscopy. The presence of endometrial polyp is associated with abnormal uterine bleeding and is probably associated with infertility. Until today, clinical guidelines for endometrial polyp remain elusive. The aim of this preliminary study was to estimate whether the shape of endometrial polyps affects the response to the treatment with an oral contraceptive (OC). We performed a retrospective case series study on 50 women diagnosed as endometrial polyps by hysteroscopy and managed by the administration of OC. Hysteroscopy was performed in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle before medical treatment. Endometrial polyps were classified as pedunculated polyps (n?=?25) or sessile polyps (n?=?25). After diagnosis, OC was administered for 2–5 months (median 3 months) intermittently: To quantify the regression rate of lesions, the area index of endometrial polyps was assessed. In the study group, when comparing the efficacy of treatment with OC, there was a statistically significant difference in the regression rate between sessile polyps and pedunculated polyps (76% vs. 44%, p?=?0.042). We conclude that sessile polyps are more sensitive to OC treatment than pedunculated polyps, implying usefulness of the hysteroscopic classification of the shape of polyps in the management of endometrial polyps.     

A randomized, prospective study of endometrial resection to prevent recurrent endometrial polyps in women with breast cancer receiving tamoxifen.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of endometrial resection in preventing recurrence of tamoxifen-associated endometrial polyps in women with breast cancer. DESIGN: Randomized, prospective study (Canadian Task Force classification I). SETTING: Tertiary university-affiliated medical center. PATIENTS: Twenty consecutive women (age range 43-61 yrs). INTERVENTIONS: Hysteroscopic removal of tamoxifen-associated endometrial polyps with or without simultaneous resection of the endometrium. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Patients were randomized to undergo (10 women) or not undergo (10) concomitant endometrial resection. They were followed for at least 18 months (range 18-24 mo), including transvaginal ultrasonography every 6 months and hysteroscopy when endometrial irregularity was noted. The main outcome variable was recurrence of endometrial polyps; occurrence of uterine bleeding was also noted. In women who underwent endometrial resection, only one had a 1 x 1-cm endometrial polyp diagnosed and removed during follow-up. Seven women remained amenorrheic, and three experienced spotting for a few days every month. In the control group, six women had recurrent endometrial polyps requiring hysteroscopic removal (two-tail Fisher's exact test p <0.06). CONCLUSION: Recurrence of endometrial polyps, one of the most common problems in patients with breast cancer receiving long-term treatment with tamoxifen, may be reduced by performing endometrial resection at the time of hysteroscopic removal of polyps. The possible risk of occult endometrial cancer is yet to be determined. (J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 6(3):285-288, 1999)     

Hysteroscopic findings of endometrial carcinoma. Evaluation of 104 cases

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: Retrospective evaluation of hysteroscopic findings in the accurate diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma. METHODS: A retrospective monocentric study from January 1995 to December 2004. One hundred and four patients with hysteroscopic aspects evocative of endometrial carcinoma confirmed by endometrial biopsy during diagnostic hysteroscopy, by surgical hysteroscopic resection pieces or by hysterectomy specimen were included. RESULTS: Among the 104 patients, diagnostic hysteroscopy pointed out endometrial features suggestive of endometrial carcinoma in 102 cases. In two women diagnostic hysteroscopy failed to diagnose endometrial malignancy which was identified on pieces of polyps by surgical hysteroscopic resection. DISCUSSION: Polypoid proliferations cerebroid in appearance, with ulceration and necrosis, friable and with irregular vessels, represent endometrial findings highly indicative of malignancy. The diagnosis may be missed in cases of focal neoplasias, within endometrial polyps or in conditions of unsatisfactory endouterine visualization.     

The malignant potential of endometrial polyps

OBJECTIVES: To determine the pre-malignant and malignant potential of endometrial polyps and to assess whether different clinical parameters are associated with malignancy in the polyps. STUDY DESIGN: Four hundred and thirty consecutive cases of hysteroscopic diagnosis of endometrial polyp were retrieved. The medical records, preoperative vaginal sonography results and histopathology findings were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: Hysteroscopy truly identified endometrial polyps in 95.7% of the cases. In 11.4% cases, hyperplasia without atypia was found in the endometrial polyp. In 3.3 and 3.0% of women pre-malignant or malignant conditions were found in the polyp. Older age, menopause status and polyps larger than 1.5 cm were associated with significant pre-malignant or malignant changes, although the positive predictive value for malignancy was low. All the malignant polyps were diagnosed only in postmenopausal women. The presence of postmenopausal or irregular vaginal bleeding, was not a predictor of malignancy in the polyp. CONCLUSIONS: Postmenopausal women with endometrial polyps are at increased risk of malignancy in the polyp. Those patients, whether symptomatic or not should be evaluated by hysteroscopic resection of the polyps. Asymptomatic premenopausal patients with polyps smaller than 1.5 cm can be observed.     

宫腔镜切除术治疗子宫内膜息肉的效果及影响术后自然妊娠状态的因素分析

目的：探讨宫腔镜切除子宫内膜息肉（endometrial polyp,EP）的疗效及影响术后自然妊娠状态的因素。方法：选取2013年2月-2014年11月在天津市咸水沽医院妇产科宫腔镜电切治疗的60例EP合并不孕患者为研究对象。术后3、6、18个月随访患者的阴道不规则出血、EP复发率、自然妊娠率,并分析影响患者术后自然妊娠的因素。结果：术后阴道不规则出血发生率为3.33%,EP复发率为1.67%。术后3个月累积自然妊娠率为28.33%,术后6个月累积自然妊娠率为50%,术后18个月累积自然妊娠率为65.00%。单因素分析结果显示,不同年龄EP患者宫腔镜术后自然妊娠率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;不同不孕年限、不孕类型及息肉大小的EP患者宫腔镜术后自然妊娠率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。多因素分析显示,年龄＞30岁是EP患者宫腔镜切除术后自然妊娠率的影响因素（OR=11.00,95%CI：4.108~29.454,P=0.000）;原发性不孕、不孕年限＞3年、息肉＞1 cm或多发则不是EP患者术后自然妊娠率的影响因素（P＞0.05）。结论：对于EP合并不孕的患者,宫腔镜治疗具有良好的治疗效果,且患者年龄越小术后自然妊娠的成功率越高。     

Hysteroscopic resection of symptomatic and asymptomatic endometrial polyps

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate the occurrence of malignancy and atypical hyperplasia in endometrial polyps in patients with and without symptoms. DESIGN: Retrospective registration of all patients who underwent hysteroscopic resection of endometrial polyps. Age, menopausal status, presence or absence of symptoms, any use of hormonal medication, as well as histologic diagnosis, complications, and eventual repeated surgery were documented (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). SETTING: Ullevaal University Hospital, Department of Gynecology. PATIENTS: All patients who underwent hysteroscopic resection of an endometrial polyp in our department from January 1, 2001 through March 1, 2005. INTERVENTIONS: Hysteroscopic resection of endometrial polyps. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Four hundred eleven patients were included. One hundred twenty-nine patients (31.4%) had no symptoms. The prevalence of malignancy or atypical hyperplasia was 3.2% in women with symptoms and 3.9% in those without symptoms. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of malignancy and atypical hyperplasia was found to be relatively high, indicating that symptomatic, as well as asymptomatic, endometrial polyps should be removed.     

Dilatation and curettage fails to detect most focal lesions in the uterine cavity in women with postmenopausal bleeding

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of focally growing lesions in the uterine cavity in women with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrium > or = 5 mm and the extent to which such lesions can be correctly diagnosed by D&C. METHODS: In a prospective study, 105 women with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrium > or = 5 mm at transvaginal ultrasound examination underwent diagnostic hysteroscopy, D&C and hysteroscopic resection of any focally growing lesion still left in the uterine cavity after D&C. Twenty-four women also underwent hysterectomy. If the histological diagnosis differed between specimens from the same patient, the most relevant diagnosis was considered the final one. RESULTS: Eighty percent (84/105) of the women had pathology in the uterine cavity, and 98% (82/84) of the pathological lesions manifested a focal growth pattern at hysteroscopy. In 87% of the women with focal lesions in the uterine cavity, the whole or parts of the lesion remained in situ after D&C. D&C missed 58% (25/43) of polyps, 50% (5/10) of hyperplasias, 60% (3/5) of complex atypical hyperplasias, and 11% (2/19) of endometrial cancers. The agreement between the D&C diagnosis and the final diagnosis was excellent (94%) in women without focally growing lesions at hysteroscopy. CONCLUSION: If there are focal lesions in the uterine cavity, hysteroscopy with endometrial resection is superior to D&C for obtaining a representative endometrial sample in women with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrium > or = 5 mm.     

Usefulness of Clinical,Ultrasonographic, Hysteroscopic,and Immunohistochemical Parameters in Differentiating Endometrial Polyps From Endometrial Cancer

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate the usefulness of clinical, ultrasonographic, hysteroscopic, and immunohistochemical parameters in differentiating endometrial polyps from endometrial cancer.DesignCross-sectional study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).SettingTertiary public hospital, university teaching center.PatientsEighty-two women who underwent hysteroscopic polypectomy and 20 women who underwent surgery to treat endometrial cancer.InterventionsAnalysis of medical records and immunohistochemical assessment of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and endothelial markers CD34 and CD105.Measurements and Main ResultsAmong women with endometrial cancer and endometrial polyps, respectively, mean age was 63 and 57 years (p = .01), 89% and 67% were postmenopausal (p < .05), and 85% and 30.5% had postmenopausal bleeding (p < .01). No sonographic parameter enabled differentiation of endometrial polyp from cancer. Of patients with endometrial cancer, 72% exhibited signs suggestive of hyperplasia, and endometrial polyps were diagnosed during hysteroscopy. Estrogen receptors (≥2 vs ≥ 1; p < .001) and progesterone receptors (≥3 vs ≥ 2; p = .07) were greater in endometrial polyps. There was no significant difference in microvessel density (p > .05).ConclusionsUltrasonographic parameters and endothelial markers did not enable differentiation of polyps from endometrial neoplasia. Postmenopausal bleeding and endometrial hypervascularization along with vascular atypia at diagnostic hysteroscopy showed a greater association with endometrial cancer.     

Endometrial polyp size and polyp hyperplasia

Objective

To assess the correlation between the size of endometrial polyps and the histopathologic diagnosis of hyperplasia or cancer.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted using databases of the outpatient clinic at Antonio Pedro University Hospital in Niterói, Brazil, and of a private hysteroscopy service. The analysis included 1136 asymptomatic patients with an endometrial polyp identified on hysteroscopy, with pathologic examination, during the period 1999–2012. The polyp size, the patients’ age, the indication for hysteroscopic examination, and the use of hormone medication were compared with the finding of hyperplasia in the pathologic examination.

Results

Only polyp size showed statistical significance among the variables analyzed (P < 0.05). Endometrial polyps greater than 15 mm showed a hyperplasia rate of 14.8%, compared with 7.7% in the group with smaller polyps (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Endometrial polyps measuring more than 15 mm were associated with hyperplasia.     

Risk factors associated with endometrial polyps in abnormal uterine bleeding.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the significance of various risk factors associated with endometrial polyps in women with abnormal uterine bleeding. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 248 consecutive patients evaluated for abnormal uterine bleeding in a Rapid Access Ambulatory Diagnostic (RAAD) clinic was carried out from 1996 to 1997. Endometrial polyps were diagnosed using outpatient hysteroscopy and their histological nature was confirmed in all patients by performing inpatient polypectomy. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to evaluate the effects of age, parity, menopausal status, hormone replacement therapy and tamoxifen treatment on the occurrence of polyps. RESULTS: In an analysis adjusted for the effects of age, parity and menopausal status, tamoxifen treatment was associated with endometrial polyps (adjusted odds ratio 11.21, 95% confidence interval 2.70-46.46, P=0.0009) but hormone replacement therapy was not (adjusted odds ratio 1.48, 95% confidence interval 0.68-3.20, P=0.32). CONCLUSION: Our study confirmed that tamoxifen is associated with endometrial polyps. However, it rejects the hypothesis that hormone replacement therapy is a risk factor for endometrial polyps.     

Endometrial cancer following endometrial resection

Endometrial ablation has emerged as a viable alternative to hysterectomy in the treatment of medically intractable dysfunctional uterine bleeding. However, this procedure cannot guarantee complete removal of the entire endometrium. Cases of endometrial cancer after endometrial ablation have been reported in the literature. We reviewed the cases of patients who underwent hysteroscopic endometrial ablation by endometrial resection for abnormal uterine bleeding from 1994 to 2005 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polyclinique, Clermont-Ferrand University. Of the 3769 patients having had hysteroresections, four developed endometrial cancer after complete endometrial ablation (1.06 out of 1000). All four of these patients showed histological evidence of endometrial polyps at endometrial resection, and all of them presented risk factors for endometrial carcinoma, such as obesity and/or arterial hypertension. Endometrial cancer after hysteroscopic endometrial ablation is a rare but possible occurrence, even a long time after the operation. Close monitoring of patients who have undergone endometrial ablation for endometrial polyps and who present risk factors, such as obesity or hypertension, even after apparent total ablation of the endometrium is strongly recommended, independently of the presence of abnormal bleeding that can represent a late symptom of advanced endometrial cancer.     

Hysteroscopic Endometrial Polypectomy with Manual Vacuum Aspiration Compared to Mechanical Morcellation

Study ObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness of hysteroscopy plus manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) for endometrial polypectomy compared with hysteroscopic morcellation.DesignRetrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).SettingDuke University Medical Center database.PatientsWomen who underwent hysteroscopic removal of endometrial polyps performed by Duke Fertility Center faculty physicians between January 1, 2015, and January 29, 2018, using either hysteroscopy plus MVA or hysteroscopic morcellation.InterventionsThe 2 groups were compared using the χ² or Fisher's exact test, Student's t test, and multivariable regression analysis.Measurements and Main ResultsThe primary outcome was the duration of the procedure. Secondary outcomes were fluid deficit, rate of complete polyp resection, estimated blood loss, and operative complications. A total of 102 women undergoing endometrial polypectomy were identified. Patients in whom polyps were removed using only a hysteroscopic grasper and/or scissors (n = 31); patients who underwent an additional simultaneous procedure, such as laparoscopy (n = 12); and patients in whom the duration of the procedure was not recorded (n = 2) were excluded. Among the remaining 57 patients, 28 underwent hysteroscopy plus MVA and 29 underwent hysteroscopic morcellation. The mean duration of procedure was longer for hysteroscopic morcellation compared with hysteroscopy plus MVA (32 ± 10 minutes vs 20 ± 6 minutes; p = .04), and this difference remained significant after adjusting for age, body mass index, surgeon, and number and size of polyps. Mean fluid deficit was greater for morcellation than for hysteroscopy plus MVA (277 ± 204 mL vs 51 ± 97 mL; p < .001). Complete polyp resection was possible in all patients; however, the use of a hysteroscopic scissors and grasper was required for 1 patient in the MVA group. Estimated blood loss was minimal in all cases, and there were no operative complications.ConclusionHysteroscopy plus MVA is an effective method for removing large or multiple endometrial polyps, with outcomes comparable to hysteroscopic morcellation.     

宫腔镜和超声波对子宫内膜息肉诊断价值的比较

目的：探讨宫腔镜与超声波在诊断子宫内膜息肉上的价值，为子宫内膜息肉的诊断提供参考依据。方法：调查2004年12月至2010年12月在广州某医院进行妇科检查的患者1338例，患者均进行超声、宫腔镜及诊刮后送病理检查，以病理检查作为金标准，超声波和宫腔镜的诊断结果与之进行比较。结果：病理诊断子宫内膜息肉428例，超声诊断子宫内膜息肉的灵敏度、特异度、正确指数分别为61．21％、91．87％、0．53；宫腔镜诊断子宫内膜息肉的灵敏度、特异度、正确指数分别为95．33％、99．23％、0．95，两种检验方法比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。超声波与宫腔镜联合检查和超声检查诊断子宫内膜息肉的比较中，超声波的检出率为61．45％，超声波与宫腔镜联合检出率为99．30％，两种检验方法比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：超声波是一种无创伤、操作简单的检查方法，可作为子宫内膜息肉的筛查手段，但漏诊率偏高。宫腔镜诊断的符合率高，准确且直观，但操作较繁杂。超声波与宫腔镜联合检查可弥补各自的缺陷，是诊断子宫内膜息肉的较好的方法。     

The clinical significance of small endometrial polyps

Objective

Small endometrial polyps are relatively common in asymptomatic women and may regress spontaneously. In symptomatic women, the finding of a small polyp (<1 cm diameter) raises the question of the clinical pertinence and necessity of excision. Sparse data are available on the effectiveness of hysteroscopic excision of small polyps to manage abnormal uterine bleeding. The aim of this study was to assess outcome after hysteroscopic excision of small endometrial polyps in symptomatic patients.

Study design

This was an observational cohort study enrolling 255 premenopausal women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding and a small endometrial polyp on office hysteroscopy, undertaken between January 2004 and February 2007. The study group was referred for polypectomy by operative hysteroscopy. The outcome of the procedure was reviewed 6–12 months later by a telephone interview to assess the pattern of uterine bleeding after the procedure and overall satisfaction.

Results

Significant improvement in the magnitude of bleeding was experienced by 70% of participants, but only 30% of them reported return to regular menses. Satisfaction with the procedure was reported by 80%. Younger patients reported a less favorable bleeding pattern and were found to be less satisfied with the outcome of the procedure.

Conclusions

Symptomatic women with small endometrial polyps can be treated safely and efficiently with hysteroscopic excision. In the younger age group of patients, however, the outcome of the procedure may be less favorable and may necessitate the addition of endometrial ablation to improve outcome and increase patient satisfaction.