血管紧张素Ⅱ对乳鼠心肌细胞1型多聚二磷酸腺苷核糖合成酶活性和表达的影响

目的观察血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)对培养乳鼠心肌细胞多聚二磷酸腺苷(ADP)核糖合成酶(PARP)活性和表达的影响.方法新生大鼠心肌原代培养,用10-7 mol/L AngⅡ诱导,观察心肌细胞活性氧(ROS)的生成、PARP活性与PARP1蛋白表达情况,并观察缬沙坦与维生素C预处理对AngⅡ诱导心肌细胞ROS的生成、PARP活性与PARP1蛋白表达的影响.结果AngⅡ诱导心肌细胞ROS生成增加,心肌细胞PARP激活,PARP1蛋白表达增加.给予缬沙坦与维生素C预处理后心肌细胞ROS生成减少,PARP活性降低,PARP1蛋白表达减少.结论AngⅡ可以诱导培养的心肌细胞ROS生成增加,PARP激活,PARP1蛋白表达增加,PARP激活ROS可能是AngⅡ诱导心肌重构机制之一.     

多聚二磷酸腺苷核糖合成酶抑制剂对血管紧张素Ⅱ刺激培养心肌细胞异常基因表达的阻止作用

目的:观察多聚二磷酸腺苷(ADP)核糖合成酶(PARP)抑制剂对血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)刺激的乳鼠心脏心肌重构的预防作用.方法:新生大鼠心肌细胞原代培养,传代,用PARP抑制剂3-AB预处理细胞,观察PARP抑制剂对AngⅡ诱导心肌细胞PARP激活、PARPl表达,细胞内ROS产生和c-fos,ANP,β/aMHC基因表达的影响.结果:AngⅡ显著诱导心肌细胞PARP激活,ROS产生增加,PARPl、c-los、β/a-MHC、ANP基因表达增加.给予3-AB预处理可显著抑制AngⅡ诱导的上述变化.结论:AngⅡ可以诱导培养的心肌细胞内PARP激活,PARPl蛋白表达增加,3-AB预处理可以明显降低AngⅡ诱导的心肌细胞内异常基因表达增加,提示PARPl参与了心室重构的发生发展过程.     

1型多聚二磷酸腺苷核糖合成酶对去甲肾上腺素诱导心脏成纤维细胞表达基质金属蛋白酶的影响

目的:探讨1型多聚二磷酸腺苷核糖合成酶(PARP-1)对去甲肾上腺素(NE)诱导培养的大鼠心脏成纤维细胞基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-1,MMP-9及金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂(TIMP)-1表达的调节作用及其机制。方法:①培养乳鼠心脏成纤维细胞,10μmol/LNE刺激细胞24h,使用实时定量PCR法检测MMP-1、MMP-9及TIMP-1的基因表达水平;使用PARP抑制剂3-氨基苯甲酰胺(3-aminobenzamide,3AB)后,观察PARP-1对上述基因表达的影响。②检测心脏成纤维细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平、PARP酶活性的变化。③采用凝胶阻滞实验检测心脏成纤维细胞内转录因子AP-1的DNA结合能力,研究PARP-1对AP-1DNA结合能力的影响。结果:NE诱导心脏成纤维细胞内MMP-1,MMP-9及TIMP-1的基因表达水平明显增加。细胞内ROS产生增加,PARP酶被激活。核内转录因子AP-1的DNA结合能力明显增强。PARP抑制剂3AB可明显减少NE诱导的MMP-1、MMP-9及TIMP-1的基因表达水平,同时显著抑制AP-1的DNA结合能力。使用抗氧化剂vitC减少ROS产生,抑制了NE诱导的PARP-1活性增加及AP-1的DNA结合,进而显著降低了NE诱导的MMP-1、MMP-9及TIMP-1的基因表达水平。结论:NE刺激心脏成纤维细胞内ROS产生明显增多,大量的ROS激活了PARP使其酶活性显著增高,PARP通过调节转录因子AP-1的DNA结合调控了MMP-1,MMP-9及TIMP-1的基因表达。PARP可能是心脏纤维化过程中的重要调节机制之一。     

洛伐他汀对大鼠心脏成纤维细胞多聚ADP核糖合成酶-1活性及表达的影响

目的:观察洛伐他汀对大鼠心脏成纤维细胞多聚ADP核糖合成酶(PARP)-1活性及表达的影响。方法:采用PARP活性检测试剂盒和Western blot法检测洛伐他汀作用前后细胞内PARP-1的活性和蛋白表达水平。结果:使用洛伐他汀后,PARP-1的活性和蛋白表达均下调;再加用甲羟戊酸后,PARP-1的活性和表达下调被逆转。结论:洛伐他汀不仅可抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ刺激的心脏成纤维细胞PARP-1的活性及表达,还可在基础状态下抑制PARP-1的活性及表达,以上抑制作用都可以被甲羟戊酸逆转。     

多聚ADP核糖聚合酶-1与糖尿病血管并发症

多聚ADP核糖聚合酶（PARP）1是PARP核酶家族主要成员,分布广泛,是机体修复DNA损伤的关键酶之一,但其过度激活又会造成细胞的死亡。糖尿病时的氧化应激状态可以造成血管内皮细胞内源性DNA损伤,从而大量激活PARP,进而导致内皮细胞的死亡。这是糖尿病大血管和微血管并发症发生的共同机制。抑制PARP可有效防止内皮细胞的损伤,预防甚至逆转糖尿病血管并发症,对PARP的干预可能成为防治糖尿病血管并发症的一个新靶点。     

YM155对人胃癌细胞株MKN28的作用及其机制研究

背景:研究发现生存素(survivin)在胃癌组织中高表达,YM155是survivin的特异性抑制剂。目的:探讨YM155对人胃癌细胞株MKN28的作用及其机制。方法:以不同浓度YM155作用于人胃癌细胞株MKN28。采用甲基噻唑基四唑(MTT)法检测细胞增殖抑制率;以原位末端标记(TUNEL法)检测细胞凋亡率;以逆转录聚合酶链反应(RTPCR)、蛋白质印迹法分别检测survivin mRNA和survivin、多聚ADP核糖聚合酶(PARP)、caspase-3蛋白表达。结果:YM155作用后,MKN28细胞增殖抑制,凋亡增加。随着YM155浓度升高,survivin mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显降低,并伴随PARP、caspase-3蛋白裂解。结论:YM155可抑制人胃癌细胞株MKN28增殖,并诱导其凋亡,此机制可能与抑制survivin表达,继而激活caspase凋亡信号通路有关。     

Ⅰ型多聚ADP核糖合成酶在心肌梗死后大鼠心肌组织中的活性变化及其对相关炎性细胞因子表达的影响

目的:探讨Ⅰ型多聚ADP核糖合成酶(PARP1)在心肌梗死后大鼠心肌组织中的表达及活性变化,以及对相关炎性细胞因子[白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]和转录因子(NF-κB、AP-1)表达的影响.方法:结扎冠状动脉左前降支(LAD)近端建立急性心肌梗死(AMI)模型,随机分为AMI组、梗死低剂量PARP抑制剂3-氨基苯甲酰胺(3AB)干预(3AB30)组、梗死高剂量干预(3AB100)组和假手术组.3AB30组和3AB100组分别在腹腔注射3-AB 30 mg/kg和100 mg/kg,AMI组和假手术组给予同等体积0.9%氯化钠溶液腹腔注射.测定各组大鼠术后第1、3、7天心脏功能,非梗死区PARP1的蛋白表达及活性与IL-6、IL-10、TNF-ɑ的表达和转录因子NF-κB和AP-1的活性.结果:心肌梗死后非缺血区PARP1表达在第1天即明显增加,至第7天仍高于假手术组,3AB在非梗死区不仅可以显著抑制TNF-α、IL-6以及PARP1的蛋白表达量和PARP活性,也能够降低NF-κB和AP-1在非梗死区的DNA结合能力.结论:PARP1抑制剂能够明显抑制PARP活性和PARP1表达,在AMI早期通过抑制NF-κB和AP-1活性及炎性因子TNF-α和IL-6表达,能改善心脏功能,减轻心肌损害.     

PARP1在氧化应激诱导的DNA损伤及其修复过程中的作用

<正>活性氧自由基(ROS)在代谢或炎症过程中定期产生,它的产生与抗氧化防御不平衡形成了氧化应激。氧化应激导致DNA损伤和促进炎症反应~(〔1,2〕)。聚腺苷酸二磷酸核糖聚合酶-1(PARP1)作为DNA损伤的分子感受器,在氧化应激诱导DNA损伤时被激活,活化的PARP1介导碱基切除修复复合物参与受损DNA的修复。1 PARP1的结构及其功能1.1 PARP1的结构PARP1基因位于染色体1q41-42区,有     

PJ34对帕金森病模型小鼠黑质多巴胺能神经元保护的实验研究

目的研究多聚ADP-核糖聚合酶（PARP）抑制剂PJ34对帕金森病（PD）小鼠黑质多巴胺（DA）能神经元的保护作用。方法采用1-甲基-4-苯基-1，2，3，6-四氢吡啶（MPTP）制备PD小鼠模型，2、24、72h后取中脑组织进行酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）观察DA能神经元的损害情况，同时应用多聚ADP核糖聚合物（PAR）免疫组化染色检测PARP的活性改变。另经PJ34预处理该模型后，对上述指标进行检测。结果PD小鼠黑质DA能神经元出现一过性PARP的过度活化，1134预处理显著抑制PARP活性，减轻PD小鼠黑质致密部TH阳性神经元的脱失现象（P〈0．01）。结论PARP的活性改变在PD的发病过程发挥重要作用，PJ34通过抑制PARP过度活化对PD小鼠黑质DA能神经元产生保护作用。     

脑缺血与DNA损伤

脑缺血再灌注时 ,细胞内氧自由基大量增加 ,直接参与神经元损伤 ,其机制与氧化DNA损伤有关。氧化DNA损伤主要包括DNA单链损伤和双链损伤。DNA单链损伤可造成多二磷酸腺苷 核糖多聚酶 (PARP)过度激活 ,并引起辅酶I(NAD )衰竭 ,使细胞能量代谢障碍 ,最终导致细胞死亡。研究氧化DNA损伤的分子机制及寻找抑制DNA损伤的特异性药物 ,对于缺血性脑损伤的防治具有极其重要的意义。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.