一起SARS爆发流行的调查研究

目的：分析一起SARS爆发流行的病例分布特点，了解传播途径，为有效控制SARS的发生与蔓延提供科学依据。方法：采用回顾性调查和现场流行病学调查方法，对SARS局部爆发进行调查，利用Exce15．0软件和SPSS10．0软件分析该起SARS病例的时间分布、空间分布和人群分布及聚集性特征。根据传播链分析传播关系。结果：由首发病例(指征病例)引起感染或继发感染病人79例，年龄分布在19～69岁，男性占51．89％，女性占48．11％。发病人群包括护士、医生、同期住院患、家属、其他人员人员，分别占36．71％、12．66％、7．59％、10.13％和32．99％。病例分布有四个时段，医护人员发病时间主要集中于第一、二个高峰时段，院内非医护人员和院外人员发病时间集中第三高峰，医务人员家属发病时间主要分布在第四个时段。密切接触是SARS传播的主要途径，尤其是近距离接触病例获得感染的机会比较大，SARS病例空间分布主要集中在几个科室，结论：该起SARS流行分布具有明显的聚集性，为典型的院内SARS爆发感染；医务人员应对飞沫和接触性传播采取严格的控制措施，加强对该病的防范意识。     

198例SARS转归病例特征分析

目的：通过对198例转归SARS病例的分析，了解SARS病例的流行特征以及影响转归的因素。方法：采用病例调查和电话回访等方式，收集SARS病例的资料，运用SPSS、Excel进行统计分析，并建立转归影响因素的Logistic回归模型。结果：198例SARS患中治愈179例，死亡19例，病死率为9．60％，患年龄为9～79岁，男性占56．67％，女性占43．43％，医务人员占37．88％，所有病例中，平均转归时间为30．59d(痊愈病例为31．92d，死亡病例为18．21d)，有明显的家庭和医院聚集性。应用Logisitic回归分析影响转归的因素，模型为：Y=[1 e^(4.958-0.107X1 0.065X2)]^-1(X1-年龄、X2-住院时间)，年龄越大，住院时间越短，死亡的危险越高。结论：密切接触是SARS的主要传播途径，发病以家庭和医院聚集性多见，影响转归的因素主要有年龄、住院时间等。     

医务人员SARS医院感染爆发的传播链分析

目的 分析由1例超级传播者引起的医务人员SARS医院感染爆发的传播链。方法 对81例确诊为SARS的医务人员进行流行病学调查．结果 医务人员在接触该源头患者后发生了连续传播并出现第一、二、三代患者，分别为37例、32例和12例，发病时间集中在2月2日～2月24日，分别出现了3个发病高峰对接触史及所实施防护措施的调查显示超级传播者传染性强、近距离密切接触、防护措施不足是第一代感染者的特点；第二、三代感染者已实施了不同程度的消毒防护措施，在各自特定情况下发生感染．结论 SARS在医院内传播与病房环境、医疗经过、患者病情及传染力、暴露时间、个人防护、消毒隔离措施等因素有关。     

199例SARS患者临床特征与治疗

目的 探讨SARS的临床特点及临床有效治疗方法。方法 采用前瞻性方法对人院199例SARS病例临床资料进行总结。结果 199例SARS患者中，多数患者有发热(85．93％)、咳嗽(77．88％)、胸闷或呼吸困难(62．3％)、头痛(15．6％)、周身酸痛(28．6％)、腹泻(12．6％)。17．1％WBC计数降低，24．1％WBC计数降低增高，40．7％淋巴细胞计数减少，84．4％肝功指标异常，24．6％血糖异常，25．7％血脂异常，11．6％肾功BUN异常。结论 SARS临床表现和病理改变多样化，CD41’细胞测定有助于早期诊断，临床以综合治疗为主，早期氧疗及小剂量激素治疗有较好的治疗效果。     

严重急性呼吸综合征轻型和重型病例的临床比较

目的：寻找较为敏感的严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)的临床症状指标，以便于临床及时观察病情以及对SARS患者的及早处理。方法：收集24例SARS轻型患者的临床症状资料，并与已报道的较重的SARS患者的临床症状相比较。结果：SARS轻型患者与较重患者在临床表现上存在很大不同，尤其是呼吸困难的出现，前者仅为4．2％，后者报道有74．4％。轻型患者发热、肌酸肌痛乏力、咳嗽、咳痰的发生率分别为100％(24／24)、79．1％(19／24)、29．7％(7／24)、20．8％(5／24)，重型患者分别为100％(83／83)、38．6％(32／83)、83．1％(69／83)、55．4％(46／83)。结论：对于SARS的病情判断，临床表现仍是一个重要的观察因素，特别是呼吸困难的出现。     

深圳市东湖医院预防SARS感染的防护措施效果分析

目的：了解医务人员被严重急性呼吸道综合征(SARS)感染的危险因素以及医院消毒隔离防护等预防措施对控制SARS院内感染的效果。方法：对深圳东湖医院的一线SARS救治工作的医务人员进行访谈及行为因素问卷调查，并抽血送检SARS抗体。结果：(1)339名医务人员，其中一线接触患者医务人员168人，无一人发病。(2)一线医务人员118份血清标本，深圳市CDC检测60份全部阴性，我院检测118份均阴性。(3)病房严格划分医务人员通道及患者通道，设立二道间，病房通风良好。(4)全院97．2％医务人员服用了病毒唑，其次是达菲和抗病毒中成药，并一直间断使用。(5)医务人员在接触患者的过程几乎100％穿了隔离衣，戴1个一次性口罩加1个12层棉口罩和流水洗手。(6)100％的医务人员在工作期间内正常回家生活，大多数医务人员在下班回家前没有洗澡及更衣。结论：严格科学的消毒隔离方法，良好的病房结构及通风，药物性预防能有效控制SARS院内感染。     

32例严重急性呼吸道综合症与肺结核的临床对比分析

目的 :旨在探讨严重急性呼吸道综合症 (severeacuterespiratorysyndrome ,SARS)患者的临床特点。方法 :对 2 0 0 3年 3月 10日至 2 0 0 3年 6月 2 5日收治的 32例SARS患者的临床资料及 2 0 0 2年 12月至 2 0 0 3年 3月收治的 35例痰菌阳性肺结核患者的流行病学及临床资料进行回顾性对比分析。结果 :32例SARS患者中 15例 (4 7% )有明确的SARS接触史 ,均起病急 ,发热多以高热为主 (39℃～ 4 0℃ )占 10 0 % ,咳嗽占 5 6 % ,气促占4 4% ,咳痰占 2 2 % ,咯血占 4 % ,乏力占 6 % ,四肢酸痛占 6 % ,畏寒占 2 5 % ,无 1例胸痛。而肺结核发热以低热为主 (37 5℃～ 38℃ )占 75 % ,咳嗽占 91% ,咳痰占 80 % ,乏力占 89% ,气促占 2 6 % ,有明显的盗汗占 83% ,胸痛占4 9 %。实验室检查SARS患者白细胞低于 4 0× 10 9/L者 8例 ,淋巴细胞绝对值低于 1 0× 10 9/L者 12例 (38% ) ,SARS患者 18人做血沉均正常 (16例SARS患者未做 )。 1∶5 0 0 0浓度PPD C ,SARS患者 2 0例阴性 (6 3% ) ,5mm～ 10mm者 10例 (31% ) ,10mm～ 2 0mm者 2例 (6 % )。肺结核患者白细胞仅 2例低于 4 0× 10 9/L ,淋巴细胞绝对值 2例低于 1 0× 10 9/L ,血沉异常者 31例 (89% )。肺结核PPD C强阳性者 2 8例 (80 % ) ,10mm～ 2 0mm4例 (11% )。X     

外痔患者清洁灌肠方法改进效果观察

目的：分析糖尿病患者发生急性心肌梗死（ANI）的特点，探讨两者之间的关系。方法：筛选糖尿病合并ANI患者各37例，对比观察其临床特点及并发症。结果：糖尿病患者合并ANI是以无痛性居多，占32．4％，非糖尿病者占21．6％（P〈0．05）。心力衰竭、心源性休克、心律失常及猝死发生率明显高于非糖尿病发生率，糖尿病组病死率为非糖尿病组的2．33倍。结论：糖尿病患者合并ANI较非糖尿病者预后差，须给予充分重视及积极处理。     

慢性肾功能衰竭60例原发病分析

目的 对60例慢性肾功能衰竭患者的原发病进行分析。方法 对60例慢性肾功能衰竭患者的临床及实验室资料作回顾性分析，分析引起慢性肾功能衰竭的常见原发病。结果60例CRF患者，慢性肾炎24例，占40％；高血压肾损害9例，占15％；马兜铃酸肾病11例，占18．3％；糖尿病肾病6例，占1％；慢性肾盂肾炎4例。占6．6％肾结核2例，占3．3％；狼疮性肾炎及紫癜性肾炎各1例，各占1．6％；60例中48例进入终末期肾衰。其中1例改腹膜透析，死亡14例，32例采取中西医结合药物治疗。结论定期体检，早期治疗，防止原发病进展及并发症出现，合理使用药物，积极控制引起慢性肾功能衰竭的原发病。     

新疆地区格林-巴利综合征106例临床分析

目的：了解新疆地区格林-巴利二氏综合征患者的临床特点。方法：本组106例患者从1982年12月至近期在我科住院治疗，诊断已明确的病例，通过统计和分析病因、发病年龄、发病季节、临床症状及治疗情况。结果：在我区青壮年发病占50％，男性占71．6％，夏季发病占47．2％，伴有颅神经麻痹的患者占37．3％，少数民族占40％，汉族占37．04％。结论：总的看来在我区GBS患者病因、临床表现、电生理检查和脑脊液改变与国内其他地区基本相同，但发病年龄、季节、男女比例、颅神经麻痹有一定的差异。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.