Experimental study of therapeutic efficacy of Baicalin in rats with severe acute pancreatitis

AIM： To observe the therapeutic efficacy of Baicalin in rats with severe acute pancreatitis （SAP） and explore its therapeutic mechanisms. METHODS： The SAP rat models were randomly divided into the model control group, Baicalin treatment group, octreotide treatment group and sham operation group. All groups were randomly subdivided into 3 h, 6 h and 12 h groups with 15 rats in each group. The survival, ascites volume and pathological changes of pancreas in all rats were observed at different time points after operation. The plasma amylase content and serum TNF-α, IL-6, malonaldehyde （MDA） and PLA2 contents were also determined. RESULTS： The survival was not obviously different between the treated groups, and was significantly higher in treated groups at 12 h compared to the model control group （P 〈 0.05, 15 vs 10）. The ascites/body weight ratio at 3 h and 6 h was significantly lower in Baicalin treatment group compared to the model control group and octreotide treatment group （P 〈 0.05, 1.00 vs 2.02 and 1.43 and P 〈 0.001, 2.29 （1.21） vs 2.70 （0.80） and 2.08 （2.21）, respectively）. The contents of amylase, TNF-α, IL-6, MDA and PLA2 were significantly lower in the treated groups than in the model control group （P 〈 0.05, 4342 vs 5303, 5058 vs 6272 in amylase, P 〈 0.01, 21.90 vs 36.30, 23.80 vs 39.70, 36 vs 54.35 in MDA and 56.25 vs 76.10 in PIA2, or P 〈 0.001, 65.10 and 47.60 vs 92.15 in TNF-α, 3.03 vs 5.44, 2.88 vs 6.82, 2.83 vs 5.36 in IL-6, respectively）. The pathological scores of pancreas in the treated groups were significantly lower than that in the model control group （P 〈 0.05, 9.00 vs 10.05, 6.00 vs 9.00, 8.00 vs 10.05）, but no marked difference was found between the treated groups. CONCLUSION： The Baicalin injection has significant therapeutic effects on SAP rats, its effects are similar to those of octreotide. The Baicalin injection is also cheap and has a big application range, quite hopefully to be used in clinical treatment of SAP.     

重症急性胰腺炎继发感染早期肝损伤时髓样细胞表达激发受体-1的诊断价值

目的 探讨髓样细胞表达激发受体-1(TREM-1)在重症急性胰腺炎继发感染(SISAP)早期肝损伤中的诊断价值和作用机制.方法 24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、重症急性胰腺炎组(SAP组)、SISAP组.通过腹腔注射L-精氨酸、大肠杆菌构建动物模型,造模后24 h测定血淀粉酶活性、谷氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、C反应蛋白(CRP)及TREM-1表达变化;取血清和腹水进行细菌培养,取部分胰腺及肝组织光学显微镜下进行组织病理学评分;实时聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和western 印迹检测肝组织中TREM-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达.结果 SAP组和SISAP组胰腺及肝脏病理评分、血清淀粉酶活性、ALT和AST均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),且SISAP组较SAP组增高(P<0.05).SAP组和SISAP组的CRP、TNF-α均明显高于对照组(P<0,05),但两组间差异无统计学意义(P值分别=0.262和0.359).血清和腹水细菌培养阳性率,对照组为0/8,SAP组为1/8,SISAP组为8/8.SAP组肝脏组织TREM-1 mRNA的表达量为2.10±0.33,SISAP组为4.58±1.00,均明显高于对照组(1.00,P<0.05),且SISAP组较SAP组增高(P<0.05).SISAP组TREM-1蛋白处于较高表达水平,表达明显强于对照组和SAP组.结论 TREM-1可能在SISAP引起的早期肝损伤中具有重要作用.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the diagnosis value and the mechanism of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in early liver damage of severe acute pancreatitis with secondary infection. Methods Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, the severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group and the secondary infection of SAP (SISAP) group.The animal model was established by intraperitoneal injection of L- arginine and E. coli. After 24 hours, the serum levels of amylase, glutamate aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-reactive protein (CRP) and the variation of TREM-1 expression were tested. The blood and peritoneal fluid samples were collected for bacterial culture.Part of the pancreas and liver tissue were taken for histopathological score under microscope. The expression of TREM-1 at mRNA and protein level in liver tissue was detected through Real-time PCR and Western Blot. Results The histological score of pancreas and liver, serum amylase, ALT and AST were significantly higher in the SAP and SISAP groups than those in C group (P<0. 05), and higher in SISAP group than in SAP group (P<0. 05). The CRP and TNF-a expression in SAP and SISAP groups were higher then those in control group, while there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0. 262 and 0. 359 , respectively). The positive ratio of bacterial culture in blood and peritoneal fluid was 0(0/8), 12. 5% (1/8), and 100% (8/8) in control group, SAP group and SISAP group respectively. The expression of TREM-lmRNA in liver was 2. 10 ± 0. 33 in SAP group and 4. 58+ 1. 00 in SISAP group, which were significantly higher than that in control group (1. 00,P<0. 05) , and the expression of TREM-1 mRNA in SISAP group was higher than that in SAP group (P < 0.05). The expression of TREM-1 at protein level was higher in SISAP group,significantly stronger than that in control and SAP group. Conclusions TREM-1 may play an important role in the early liver damage caused by severe acute pancreatitis.     

Protective effects of rhubarb on experimental severe acute pancreatitis

AIM: To investigate the effects of rhubarb on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in rats. METHODS: Severe acute pancreatitis was induced by two intraperitoneal injections of cerulein (40 μg/kg body weight) plus 5-h restraint water-immersion stress. Rhubarb (75-150 mg/kg) was orally fed before the first cerulein injection. The degree of pancreatic edema, serum amylase level, local pancreatic blood flow (PBF), and histological alterations were investigated. The effects of rhubarb on pancreatic exocrine secretion in this model were evaluated by comparing with those of somatostatin. RESULTS: In the Cerulein+Stress group, severe edema and diffuse hemorrhage in the pancreas were observed, the pancreatic wet weight (11.60&#177;0.61 g/Kg) and serum amylase (458 490&#177;43 100 U/L) were markedly increased (P&lt;0.01 vs control). In the rhubarb (150 mg/kg) treated rats, necrosis and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration in the pancreas were significantly reduced (P&lt;0.01), and a marked decrease (50%) in serum amylase levels was also observed (P&lt;0.01). PBF dropped to 38% (93&#177;5 mL/min per 100 g) of the control in the Cerulein+Stress group and partly recovered in the Cerulein+Stress+Rhubarb 150 mg group (135&#177;12 mL/min per 100 g) (P&lt;0.01). The pancreatic exocrine function was impaired in the SAP rats. The amylase levels of pancreatic juice were reduced in the rats treated with rhubarb or somatostatin, comparing with that of untreated SAP group. The bicarbonate concentration of pancreatic juice was markedly elevated only in the rhubarbtreated group (P&lt;0.01). CONCLUSION: Rhubarb can exert protective effects on SAP, probably by inhibiting the inflammation of pancreas, improving pancreatic microcirculation, and altering exocrine secretion.     

Interleukin-22 ameliorates acute severe pancreatitisassociated lung injury in mice

AIM: To investigate the potential protective effect of exogenous recombinant interleukin-22(r IL-22) on L-arginine-induced acute severe pancreatitis(SAP)-associated lung injury and the possible signaling pathway involved.METHODS: Balb/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with L-arginine to induce SAP. Recombinant mouse IL-22 was then administered subcutaneously to mice. Serum amylase levels and myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity in the lung tissue were measured after the L-arginine administration. Histopathology of the pancreas and lung was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining. Expression of B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2(Bcl-2), Bcl-x L and IL-22RA1 m RNAs in the lung tissue was detected by real-time PCR. Expression and phosphorylation of STAT3 were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS: Serum amylase levels and MPO activity in the lung tissue in the SAP group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group(P 0.05). In addition, the animals in the SAP group showed significant pancreatic and lung injuries. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x L m RNAs in the SAP group was decreased markedly, while the IL-22RA1 m RNA expression was increased significantly relative to the normal control group(P 0.05). Pretreatment with PBS did not significantly affect the serum amylase levels, MPO activity or expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-x L or IL-22RA1 m RNA(P 0.05). Moreover, no significant differences in the degrees of pancreatic and lung injuries were observed between the PBS and SAP groups. However, the serum amylase levels and lung tissue MPO activity in the r IL-22 group were significantly lower than those in the SAP group(P 0.05), and the injuries in the pancreas and lung were also improved. Compared with the PBS group, r IL-22 stimulated the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-x L and IL-22RA1 m RNAs in the lung(P 0.05). In addition, the ratio of p-STAT3 to STAT3 protein in the r IL-22 group was significantly higher than that in the PBS group(P 0.05).CONCLUSION: Exogenous recombinant IL-22 protects mice against L-arginine-induced SAP-associated lung injury by enhancing the expression of anti-apoptosis genes through the STAT3 signaling pathway.     

Hepatic effect of NAC on sevear acute pancteatise of rats

Objective:To analyze the hepatic protection of n-acetvl cysteine(NAC)on severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods:SD rats were randomly divided into control group,SAP group and NAC group.SAP AHO method was adopted to establish the model,2 h after modeling,rats in NAC group had intraperitoneal injection of NAC(200 mg/kg).Ten rals from each group were sacrifieed in even'6 and 12 h at different time[mints respectively.Liver damage,liver function and serum amylase,AST,ALT and malondialdehyde(MDA)were determined.Results:Serum amylase,AST,AIT and MDA content in SAP,NAC group at each time point were significantly higher in the control group(P0.05),serum amylase,AST,ALT and MDA content in NAC group rats were lower in the SAP group significantly(P0.05);Microscopic examination showed that the liver injury in rats and the NAC group significantly reduced in the SAP group.Conclusions:NAC provides effective protection against liver damage to SAP,protective from SAP liver injury.     

卡托普利与基质金属蛋白酶9在重症急性胰腺炎微循环障碍相关机理的实验研究

目的 :探讨卡托普利与基质金属蛋白酶 9(MMP 9)在重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)微循环障碍的相关机制并证实卡托普利在SAP微循环障碍的价值。方法 :SD大鼠随机分为 :假手术组 (n =1 0 )和SAP组 (n =1 0 ) ,及MMP抑制剂干预组 (n =1 0 )。检测各组大鼠胰损伤评分、胰湿重、血清淀粉酶量、腹腔灌洗液细胞数、腹腔灌洗液中和血液中Evens染料量比、胰组织MMP 9表达等有关指标。结果 :SAP组大鼠胰损伤评分、胰湿重、血清淀粉酶量、腹腔灌洗液细胞数、腹腔灌洗液中和血液中Evens染料量比均明显高于假手术组和MMP组 (P <0 .0 1 )。胰腺组织内MMP 9的阳性表达率 ,SAP组、假手术组、MMP组三组分别为 1 0 0 %、1 1 %和 2 5 % ,组内比较差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :MMP 9在SAP中因炎性细胞受炎症因子的激活而大量释放 ,与SAP时微循环障碍有密切关系。应用卡托普利可减轻该病理过程 ,从而成为SAP治疗的新靶点     

Effects of emodin and baicalein on rats with severe acute pancreatitis

AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effects of emodin in combination with baicalein on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) rats and to explore the mechanism of SAP. METHODS: A total of 112 SAP rats induced by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the biliary-pancreatic duct, randomly assigned to a untreated group and three treated groups emodin group, combined emodin and baicalein group, and sandostatin group. Meanwhile, another 28 other rats were selected as sham operation (SO) group. There were 28 rats in each group, 8 rats were in 3 and 6 h groups respectively, and 12 rats in 12 h group. At each time-points, survival rates,ascites volumes, pathological lesion scores of pancreas tissues,serum amylase, tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6 levels were determined as the indexes of therapeutic effects. RESULTS: The survival rate at 12 h was significantly higher in three treated groups than in untreated group.The ascites volume at 12 h was remarkably less in combined and sandostatin groups than in emodin group,but there was no difference between combined group and sandostatin group (P>0.05). Serum amylase levels at all time-points were significantly lower in three treated groups than in untreated group. However, they had no difference among treated groups (P>0.05).Serum TNF-α were lower in three treated groups than in untreated group at all time points. Among the three treated groups, at 6 h, the TNF-α levels of combination and sandostatin groups were lower than those of emodin group. These was no difference between combined and sandostantin. Serum IL-6 concentration at 3 h were lower in combined and sandostatin groups than in untreated group, but at 6 and 12 h they were lower in all treated groups than in untreated group and the combined and sandostatin groups and in emodin group, no difference was found between combined and sandostatin groups at all time-points (P>0.05). The pathological scores of pancreas at all time points were significantly lower in three treated groups than in the untreated group, and at 6, 12 h, the scores of combined and sandostatin groups were lower than in emodin group. There was no difference between combined and sandostatin groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Combination of emodin with baicalein has significant therapeutic effects on SAP rats.     

Protective effects of transplanted and mobilized bone marrow stem cells on mice with severe acute pancreatitis

AIM: To evaluate the protective effects of transplanted and mobilized bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) on mice with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and to probe into their possible mechanisms.METHODS: A mouse model of SAP induced by intraperitoneal injections of L-arginine was employed in the present study. Two hundred female Balb/c mice weighing 18-22 g were randomly assigned into 4 groups. Group A was the stem cell mobilized group treated by injection of granulocytecolony stimulating factor (G-CSF) into mice for 4 days at a dose of 40 μg&#183;kg^-1&#183;d^-1 before induction of SAP. Group B was the group of BMSCs transplantation, in which the mice were given the isolated BMSCs via the tail vein 4 days prior to induction of SAP. Group C served as the model control and only SAP was induced. The mice without induction of SAP in group D acted as the normal control. At the time of animal sacrifice at 24, 48 and 72 h after induction of SAP, blood samples were obtained and prepared to detect serum amylase, while the abdominal viscera were examined both grossly and microscopically for the observation of pathological changes.RESULTS: The mortality of mice in the model control, groups A and B was 34 %, 8 % and 10 % respectively within 72 h after induction of SAP. The serum level of amylase in the model control was significantly increased at all time points after induction of SAP as compared with that of the normal control (P&lt;0.05-0.01). When the mice were pretreated with BMSCs‘‘ transplantation or G-CSF injection, their serum level of amylase was significantly reduced at 48 h and 72 h after induction of SAP in comparison with that of the model control (P&lt;0.05-0.01). In accordance with these observations,both gross and microscopic examinations revealed that the pathological changes of SAP in mice pretreated with BMSCs transplantation or G-CSF injection were considerably attenuated as compared with those in the model control at all observed time points.CONCLUSION: Both transplanted allogenic and mobilized autologous BMSCs can protect mouse pancreas from severe damage in the process of SAP.     

Mechanism and dose-effect of Ginkgolide B on severe acute pancreatitis of rats

AIM:To determine the optimal dosage and mechanism of Ginkgolide B(BN52021) on severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) of rats.METHODS:Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups(10 for each group).Shamoperation group(SO),SAP model group(SAP),dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) contrast group(DMSO),and groups treated with 2.5 mg/kg BN52021(BN1),5 mg/kg BN52021(BN2),10 mg/kg BN52021(BN3),and 20 μg/kg Sandostatin(SS).The SAP model was established in Wistar rats by injecting 5% sodium taurocholate retrogradely...     

还原性谷胱甘肽对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠早期胰肝损伤的保护作用

目的阐明还原性谷胱甘肽对重症急性胰腺炎早期胰肝损害的保护作用。方法 54只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分三组,每组18只:A组为正常对照组,开腹后仅翻动胰腺,即关腹;B组为重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)组,以0.1 mL/min的速度向胰胆管内逆行注入4.5%牛磺胆酸钠(1 mL/kg)建立大鼠SAP模型;C组为N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)处理组,术前0.5 h,用NAC(200 mg/kg)腹腔注射,接着建立大鼠SAP模型。于造模术后6 h,麻醉大鼠获取新鲜胰腺和肝脏组织,取一部分用于GSH检测,另一部分用于病理学观察和电镜观察。结果胰腺组织中还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平为:对照组>NAC处理组>SAP组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。胰腺组织病理学检查及评分:SAP组和NAC处理组大鼠出现急性坏死性胰腺炎病变,但NAC处理组胰腺组织坏死比SAP组胰腺组织坏死程度减轻。SAP与NAC处理组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.0368,P<0.05)。6 h电镜观察:N-乙酰半胱氨酸能改善胰腺腺泡细胞内酶原颗粒运转,肝脏超微结构显示,SAP组内质网扩张,线粒体肿胀,NAC处理组局部可见内质网扩张。结论随着GSH的消耗,发病早期(6 h)就可以出现胰肝损害,补充N-乙酰半胱氨酸能减轻胰腺和肝脏的损害。     

白细胞介素-18在实验性重症急性胰腺炎肝损伤中的作用

自细胞介素（IL）-18是一种新发现的促炎细胞因子，其血清水平与重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）合并肝损伤明显相关，然而关于其在SAP急性损伤肝组织中的变化和意义鲜有报道。目的：研究IL-18在SAP大鼠肝组织中的表达．探讨IL-18在SAP肝损伤中的作用。方法：以4％牛磺胆酸钠胰胆管逆行注射诱导大鼠SAP模型。32只大鼠随机分为对照组和SAP6h、12h、18h组。动态测定血清淀粉酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）水平和腹水量；光学显微镜下观察胰腺和肝组织损伤情况；以免疫组化方法检测IL-18在肝组织中的表达和定位：以蛋白质印迹法检测肝组织中IL-18前体和成熟IL-18的表达。结果：SAP组各时间点血清淀粉酶、ALT、AST水平均明显升高，腹水量增多，与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），与胰腺和肝脏的组织病理学改变相一致。造模后IL-18在肝脏Kupffer细胞胞质中呈强阳性表达，阳性Kupffer细胞数增多，成熟IL-18表达明显增加，各时间点与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义，以12h组为著（P〈0．01）。结论：Kupffer细胞是肝脏成熟IL-18的主要来源．成熟IL-18表达上调可能在SAP早期肝损伤中发挥重要作用。     

黄芩甙对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺氧化应激的保护作用

目的探讨黄芩甙对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）氧化应激的保护作用。方法45只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组和黄芩甙干预组,每组15只。假手术组进腹后仅翻动胰腺和十二指肠后关腹,不给予任何干预,模型组、黄芩甙干预组采用3.5%牛磺胆酸钠逆行胰胆管注射制造SAP大鼠模型。黄芩甙干预组在造模成功后给予黄芩甙治疗,其余两组给予等量生理盐水。术后3h、6 h及12 h,测定各组大鼠血清淀粉酶的水平及胰腺组织MDA、SOD及MPO的含量,免疫组化法检测胰腺组织聚腺苷二磷酸核糖（PAR）及硝基酪氨酸的表达。结果术后3 h、6 h及12 h,模型组血清淀粉酶较假手术组显著增高（P〈0.01）,黄芩甙干预组血清淀粉酶显著降低于模型组（P〈0.01）;术后各时间点,黄芩甙干预组胰腺组织MDA、MPO含量显著低于模型组（P〈0.01）;SOD水平显著高于模型组（P〈0.01）;术后各时间点,假手术组胰腺组织均无PAR及硝基酪氨酸表达,模型组PAR及硝基酪氨酸表达阳性,且随时间延长表达增多,黄芩甙干预组PAR及硝基酪氨酸表达均低于模型组,且随时间延长显著减少。结论黄芩甙可能通过降低胰腺炎的氧化应激水平,减轻胰腺炎症程度而发挥对胰腺炎的保护作用。     

Study on protecting effects of Baicalin and Octreotide on hepatic injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis

AIM： To investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of Baicalin and Octreotide on hepatic injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）. METHODS： The SAP rat models were prepared and randomly assigned to the model control group, Baicalin treated group, and Octreotide treated group while other healthy rats were assigned to the shamoperated group. Rat mortality, levels of ALT, AST, liver and pancreas pathological changes in all groups were observed at 3, 6 and 12 h after operation. Tissue microarray （TMA） sections of hepatic tissue were prepared to observe expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2 protein and Caspase-3, and changes of apoptotic indexes.RESULTS： Rat survival at 12 h, expression levels of Bax, Caspase-3 protein and apoptotic indexes of liver were all significantly higher in treated groups than in model control group. While the liver and pancreas pathological scores, contents of ALT, AST, and expression levels of Bcl-2 protein were all lower in treated groups than in the model control group. CONCLUSION： Both Baicalin and Octreotide can protect rats with SAP by decreasing the contents of ALT, AST and expression levels of Bcl-2 protein and improving the expression levels of Bax protein, Caspase-3 protein, and inducing apoptosis.     

Thymosin alpha 1 improves severe acute pancreatitis in rats via regulation of peripheral T cell number and cytokine serum level

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thymosin alpha 1 (TA1) on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in rats. METHODS: Healthy Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 72) were randomly divided into four groups: control group, SAP group, and two TA1 treated groups. SAP was induced by injection of 5% sterile sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct (BPD), after which TA1 was given subcutaneously at 0 and 2 h at a dose of 100 microg/kg. The rats were killed at 3, 6 and 12 h, respectively. Serum amylase and lipase, interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), pancreatic wet/dry weight ratio and the percentage of CD3/CD4+/CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were measured. Next, 30 rats were randomly divided into three groups (each group containing 10 animals): SAP group (S) and two TA1 treated groups. The effects of TA1 on the survival of SAP were assessed 72 h after the induction of SAP. RESULTS: There was no significant change in the serum amylase and lipase levels after TA1 administration. Levels of serum IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and pancreatic wet/dry weight ratio were significantly reduced after TA1-treatment. Application of TA1 significantly balanced CD3/CD4+/CD8+ T cells of PBMC and improved histological scores and the survival rate. CONCLUSION: TA1 can reduce pancreatic inflammation by regulating differentiation of CD3/CD4+ T cells and decreasing the release of cytokines, thus attenuates pancreatic severity in SAP rats.     

Exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function in rats treated with alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (acarbose)

Pancreatic exocrine and endocrine secretory dynamics were studied in the isolated perfused pancreata of rats fed a normal diet or a diet supplemented with the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose (150 mg/100 g food). After 10 days, the body weight of acarbose-treated rats was slightly lower than that of the control rats despite a larger food intake. Pancreatic amylase levels were significantly decreased, trypsinogen levels were significantly increased, and lipase levels were unaltered in the treated group compared with the controls. Basal and caerulein-stimulated flow rates of pancreatic juice as well as basal amylase output were similar in both groups, whereas caerulein-stimulated amylase output was significantly lower in the acarbose-treated group. Secretory responsiveness of amylase in the treated group was, however, about twice as high as that in the control group when related to pancreatic amylase content. Insulin release in response to either glucose or cerulein was similar in both groups. These findings indicate that treatment with acarbose may alter pancreatic enzyme content without changing the secretory responsiveness of either the exocrine or endocrine pancreas.     

异丙酚对大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎的干预作用

目的 探讨异丙酚对大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)的干预作用及其机制.方法 54只雄性SD大鼠按随机表法分为假手术组、ANP组、异丙酚组.异丙酚组在ANP制模后经阴茎背静脉持续泵输注异丙酚10 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1).制模后3、6、12 h分批处死大鼠,取血检测血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶、一氧化氮(NO)、TNF-a、IL-6水平及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,取胰腺组织常规病理检查并评分.结果 制模后6 h,假手术组、ANP组和异丙酚组的血淀粉酶水平分别为(1743±370)U/L、(7745±1030)U/L和(5529±874)U/L;脂肪酶为(274.9±36.1)U/L、(1672±262)u/L和(1219±207)U/L;TNF-a为(1.110±0.276)mg/L、(3.191±0.279)mg/L和(2.361±0.281)mg/L;IL-6为(102.6±28.5)ng/L、(334.1±34.0)ng/L和(268.6±29.8)ng/L;NO为(42.2±18.1)μmol/L、(120.7±22.3)μmol/L和(73.6±19.3)μmol/L;SOD为(120.6±20.1)U/ml、(54.1±15.3)U/ml和(85.7±17.1)U/ml;胰腺病理评分为0.333±0.408、4.417±0.665和3.500±0.707.ANP组血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶、IL-6、TNF-a、NO水平及胰腺病理评分均较假手术组明显升高(P＜0.05),而SOD活性明显降低(P＜0.05).异丙酚组血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶、IL-6、TNF-a、NO水平及胰腺病理评分均较ANP组明显降低(P＜0.05),而SOD活性明显升高(P＜0.05).结论 异丙酚可降低ANP大鼠血清淀粉酶和脂肪酶水平,减轻胰腺组织的损害,对ANP具有一定的治疗作用.     

Blockade of high mobility group box-1 protein attenuates experimental severe acute pancreatitis

INTRODUCTIONIn severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in the early phase[1,2] and complications of infection (infected pancreatic necrosis and sepsis) in the late phase are contributors to high mortality in SAP[3,4]. M…     

生长激素对实验性急性坏死性胰腺炎肠道细菌移居的影响

目的 探讨生长激素（ｇｒｏｗｔｈ ｈｏｒｍｏｎｅ,ＧＨ）对急性坏死性胰腺炎（ａｃｕｔｅ ｍｅｃｒｏｔｉｚｉｎｇｐａｎｃｒｅａｔｉｔｉｓ,ＡＮＰ）肠道细菌移居的 影响。方法 采用胆胰管内逆行注射５％牛碘胆酸钠溶液诱导大鼠ＡＮＰ模型。１３７只在鼠随机分成３组：假手术组（ｎ＝４１）、ＡＮＰ＋ＮＳ组（ｎ＝４８）和ＮＡＰ＋ＧＨ组（ｎ＝４８）。ＧＨ治疗组大鼠皮下注射０．７５Ｕ／ｋｇ体重基因重组ＧＨ。观察血清淀     

抗氧化剂对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨四氢化吡咯二硫代氨基甲酸酯（PDTC）对重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡的影响。方法SD大鼠72只，随机分为：假手术组（sham operation，SO）、SAP组和PDTC组。SAP模型采用5％牛磺胆酸钠1ml/kg胰胆管逆行穿刺注射建立，PDTC组在造模前1h给予腹腔注射PDTC（1130mg/kg），术后分4个时段（1、3、6、12h）分批进行腹主动脉采血后处死，取胰腺组织作病理切片与液氮冻存。胰腺腺泡细胞的凋亡检测应用TUNEL法、电镜以及免疫组化法检测胰腺组织Caspase-3的表达；核因子（NF）-κB活化的检测应用免疫组化法。同时观察各组血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶水平及胰腺组织病理学评分。结果SAP组各时间点血清淀粉酶及脂肪酶水平及胰腺组织病理组织学评分较SO组显著增高（P〈0．05）。PDTC治疗组血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶水平较SAP组明显降低；胰腺组织病理组织学评分明显改善。PDTC治疗后3、6、12h胰腺组织Caspase-3的表达显著高于SAP组（P〈0．01），而在1h无统计学差异；各时间点胰腺腺泡细胞凋广指数显著高于SAP组（P〈0．01）；NF—κB的活化显著低于SAP组（P〈0．01）。结论SAP时，PDTC可能通过抑制NF—κB的活化，从而抑制NF—κB介导胰腺细胞的抗凋亡效应，减少胰腺腺泡细胞坏死。     

Studies on serum immunoreactive elastase in experimental pancreatic rats. II. In chronic pancreatitis

In this study using radioimmunoassay for rat, the relationship between the changes of elastase levels and the histological changes of pancreas demonstrated in two different cases of experimental chronic pancreatitis induced by dl-ethionine or PDL technique, and the resulting elastase levels were compared with amylase levels. In some of the Ethionine rats, serum elastase showed a high level, whereas serum amylase exhibited a significant decrease. In PDL rats at 3 days after ligation, elastase levels were higher than in other control rats. In PDL rats at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after ligation, serum elastase levels had significantly decreased, whereas amylase levels had not changes significantly when compared with the control rats. The changes of serum elastase levels in two different cases of experimental chronic pancreatitis showed some relation to the histological changes of the pancreas, while changes in serum amylase levels were not exhibited.