丙戊酸钠对成人癫痫患者认知功能的影响

目的了解丙戊酸钠对成人癫痫患者认知功能的影响。方法采用简易精神状态评定量表,分别于治疗前及治疗6个月、1年、2年、3年对74例接受丙戊酸钠治疗的成人癫痫患者认知功能进行评价,并选同期健康体检者85例作为对照组。结果癫痫组丙戊酸钠血药浓度均在正常浓度范围。简易精神状态评定量表评分：在干预前,癫痫组11项得分均低于对照组（P〈0.01）;在干预后6个月、1年、2年、3年,癫痫组11项得分均低于对照组（P〈0.05）;癫痫组自身与治疗前比较,11项得分均增高（P〈0.05）,但随时间延长无进一步改善趋势（P〉0.05）;癫痫组治疗前后原发性和继发性癫痫患者间比较无差异（P〉0.05）。结论成人癫痫患者存在认知功能下降,丙戊酸钠具有改善癫痫患者认知功能的作用。     

丙戊酸钠对男性癫痫患者生殖功能的影响

目的 探讨丙戊酸钠(VPA)对男性癫痫患者生殖功能的影响.方法 对32例应用VPA单药治疗≥6个月的男性癫痫患者(VPA组)及30名健康对照者(正常对照组)的血液性激素水平、精液质量进行检测;采用国际勃起功能指数量表简化版问卷(IIEF-5)评估两组已婚者的性功能评估,并进行比较.结果 与正常对照组比较,VPA组的生育率显著降低(P＜0.05),血液中黄体生成素、卵泡刺激素水平显著降低,泌乳素水平及生物活性雄激素/黄体生成素显著升高(均P＜0.01).两组间睾酮、雌二醇水平、生物活性雄激素/生物活性雌激素及精液浓度差异无统计学意义;VPA组总精子畸形率及头部、体部尾部精子畸形率显著高于正常对照组,总精子活动率、A级精子＜25％及A+B级精子＜50％的比率均显著低于正常对照组(均P ＜0.01);IIEF-5总分及问题l、2、3得分显著低于正常对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 VPA可损害男性癫痫患者的生殖功能.     

丙戊酸对癫痫患者骨密度与认知功能的影响

目的探讨丙戊酸对癫痫患者骨密度与认知功能的影响。方法选取我院诊治的78例癫痫患者为研究对象,均给予丙戊酸治疗,观察并比较治疗前后患者机体不同部位骨密度、骨代谢指标以及认知功能的变化情况。结果治疗后L2~4、股骨大转子部位骨密度较治疗前发生显著变化,且骨代谢指标PTH平均值显著低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前后股骨颈、WARD三角区部位骨密度及Ca、P等骨代谢指标平均值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前后认知功能评分差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论丙戊酸对癫痫患者骨密度与认知功能均无严重不良影响,具有临床应用价值。     

丙戊酸钠改善精神分裂症患者认知功能障碍的对照研究

目的 探讨丙戊酸钠改善精神分裂症患者认知功能障碍的疗效.方法 将80例精神分裂症患者随机分成研究组(40例)和对照组(40例),研究组患者使用新型抗精神病药合并丙戊酸钠系统治疗,对照组患者单用新型抗精神病药物系统治疗,共治疗8周.全部病例在治疗前后分别进行阳性和阴性综合征量表(PANSS)、韦氏成人智力量表(WAIS-RC)、韦氏记忆量表(WMS)、威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)进行疗效评定,应用治疗中需处理的不良反应症状量表(TESS)评定不良反应.结果 与基线时比较,两组在治疗后第4、8周末PANSS总分及各因子分均有明显降低(P＜0.05),研究组治疗后第8周末PANSS总分及各因子分均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗后第8周末,两组WMS、WAIS-RC、WCST评分与基线时比较,除即刻记忆评分外其余各项评分差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两组间比较,除即刻记忆评分外其余各项评分均有显著性差异(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 丙戊酸钠对精神分裂症患者的认知功能障碍有明显改善效果.     

唑尼沙胺对戊四氮致痫小鼠认知功能的影响

目的探讨唑尼沙胺(ZNS)对癫痫小鼠的认知功能影响及抗癫痫作用。方法利用戊四氮(PTZ)致痫小鼠模型,通过Morris水迷宫实验、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)及海马组织形态学的改变,观察ZNS对癫痫小鼠的认知功能影响及抗癫痫作用。结果正常组小鼠无惊厥发作,血清NSE水平在正常范围,海马组织结构正常;癫痫组惊厥出现时间早,发作程度重,血清NSE水平明显高于其它两组,海马组织结构紊乱、疏松;ZNS组惊厥出现时间晚,发作程度轻,血清NSE水平略高于正常组而显著低于癫痫组,海马组织结构无显著变化。结论 ZNS有明确抗癫痫作用,通过控制癫痫发作,有效的改善致痫小鼠的认知功能。     

新型抗癫痫药唑尼沙胺对点燃的影响

目的研究唑尼沙胺对大鼠杏仁核点燃及戊四唑(PTZ)化学性点燃模型的抗癫痫作用。方法建立大鼠杏仁核电刺激点燃、化学性点燃模型,探讨唑尼沙胺的抗点燃作用;测定唑尼沙胺对小鼠最大电休克的影响。结果唑尼沙胺50~200mg·kg-1ig可抑制大鼠杏仁核点燃发作,降低Racine's分级唑尼沙胺50,100mg·kg-1ig抑制PTZ化学性点燃发作,降低Ono分级(P<0.01)与OnoⅣ级发作百分率(P<0.01)。ZNS10.0mg·kg-1ig降低小鼠最大电休克诱发的,惊厥发生率(P<0.01)。结论唑尼沙胺对点燃发作具有拮抗作用。     

老年癫痫患者合用阿司匹林对丙戊酸钠血药浓度的影响

目的 观察老年癫痫患者合并使用阿司匹林(ASA)对丙戊酸钠(VPA)血药浓度的影响.方法 选择门诊随访的单用VPA治疗的癫痫患者,65岁以上者为观察组,65岁以下者为对照组,测定VPA的血药浓度.对观察组,再根据有无使用ASA,比较血药浓度及肝肾功能情况.结果 观察组的VPA血药浓度明显高于对照组,服用ASA与未服ASA者的血药浓度及肝肾功能无明显区别.结论老年人在临床应用VPA时,应减少剂量.老年患者使用ASA不会对VPA血药浓度产生影响.     

丙戊酸钠的应用进展

本文对丙戊酸钠的抗痫机制及用量进行了综述,详述了丙戊酸钠的临床应用,与卡马西平、苯妥英钠的相互作用及不良反应。     

苯妥因钠,丙戊酸钠,卡马西平对癫痫患者智力的影响

抗癫痫药物造成认知功能的损害及损害程度至今仍无明确结果。为此，我们对４６例全身性强直一阵挛发作的癫痫患儿进行了服药前后的智力测验，并以１６例健康同龄人对照，以检测苯妥历钠，丙戊酸钠，卡马西平对智力的影响。     

丙戊酸钠对少女癫痫患者性激素的影响

目的 分析广谱抗癫痫药物丙戊酸钠(VPA)单药治疗对少女癫痫患者性激素水平的影响. 方法 选择自2009年9月至2011年10月南方医科大学附属中山博爱医院儿科收治的少女癫痫患者46例,应用VPA治疗12月,观察患者用药前和用药后睾酮、雌二醇和卵泡刺激素水平的变化. 结果 与用药前比较,VPA用药3、6、12个月后,患者雌二醇、卵泡刺激素水平差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05); VPA用药12个月时,患者的睾酮水平[(0.5±0.4)ng/mL]较治疗前[(0.8±0.3)ng/mL]和治疗3个月时[(0.8±0.3)ng/mL]显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 VPA用药对少女癫痫患者性激素水平影响不大,仍然是现阶段治疗少女癫痫患者的最佳方案.     

Influence of valproate on language functions in children with epilepsy

The aim of the current study was to assess the influences of valproate (VPA) on the language functions in newly diagnosed pediatric patients with epilepsy. We reviewed medical records of 53 newly diagnosed patients with epilepsy, who were being treated with VPA monotherapy (n = 53; 22 male patients and 31 female patients). The subjects underwent standardized language tests, at least twice, before and after the initiation of VPA. The standardized language tests used were The Test of Language Problem Solving Abilities, a Korean version of The Expressive/Receptive Language Function Test, and the Urimal Test of Articulation and Phonology. Since all the patients analyzed spoke Korean as their first language, we used Korean language tests to reduce the bias within the data. All the language parameters of the Test of Language Problem Solving Abilities slightly improved after the initiation of VPA in the 53 pediatric patients with epilepsy (mean age: 11.6 ± 3.2 years), but only “prediction” was statistically significant (determining cause, 14.9 ± 5.1 to 15.5 ± 4.3; making inference, 16.1 ± 5.8 to 16.9 ± 5.6; prediction, 11.1 ± 4.9 to 11.9 ± 4.2; total score of TOPS, 42.0 ± 14.4 to 44.2 ± 12.5). The patients treated with VPA also exhibited a small extension in mean length of utterance in words (MLU-w) when responding, but this was not statistically significant (determining cause, 5.4 ± 2.0 to 5.7 ± 1.6; making inference, 5.8 ± 2.2 to 6.0 ± 1.8; prediction, 5.9 ± 2.5 to 5.9 ± 2.1; total, 5.7 ± 2.1 to 5.9 ± 1.7). The administration of VPA led to a slight, but not statistically significant, improvement in the receptive language function (range: 144.7 ± 41.1 to 148.2 ± 39.7). Finally, there were no statistically significant changes in the percentage of articulation performance after taking VPA. Therefore, our data suggested that VPA did not have negative impact on the language function, but rather slightly improved problem-solving abilities.     

Efficacy and safety of zonisamide monotherapy in a cohort of children with epilepsy

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zonisamide monotherapy in a cohort of children and adolescents with various types of epilepsy. Retrospective review of charts of our institution from 2001 through 2004 identified 69 children (19 males and 50 females, mean age 13.2 years) with epilepsy on zonisamide monotherapy. Seizure count and side effect profile were maintained during therapy. Sixty-one percent had idiopathic generalized epilepsy, 4% symptomatic generalized epilepsy, and 35% partial-onset epilepsy. Zonisamide was the first-line and second-line monotherapy for 32% and 68% of patients, respectively. The mean duration of follow-up on treatment was 22 months (range 3-48 months). The overall efficacy of zonisamide was 75.4% (> or = 50% seizure frequency reduction: good responders). Sixty-seven percent of good responders became seizure-free. Seventy-nine percent of patients with partial epilepsy and 71% with generalized epilepsy were good responders, of whom 79% and 63% were free of seizure, respectively. Eighteen (26%) patients developed side effects: weight loss (9), cognitive impairment (3), sleepiness (3), dizziness (2), and decreased appetite (1). In seven patients (10%), zonisamide had to be discontinued: four due to side effects and three because of poor seizure control. Zonisamide was demonstrated to be effective as monotherapy in children with epilepsy.     

Effectiveness and tolerability of zonisamide in children with epilepsy: A retrospective review

PurposeTo evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of zonisamide in children with epilepsy.MethodRetrospective case note review of young people (less than 19 years) with epilepsy from three UK tertiary centres who received treatment with zonisamide and were followed up for a minimum of 12 months.ResultsFifty-seven children were included, aged 1.5–18.5 (median, 12) years. Thirty-three (57.9%) patients had generalised epilepsy, 21 (36.8%) focal epilepsy, and three (5.3%) a mixed, generalised and focal, epilepsy. Fifty-six of the 57 patients had been refractory to at least three previous antiepileptic drugs. The maintenance dose of zonisamide was [range (median)] 0.7–14 (5) mg/kg/day. The median duration of treatment for all patients was 12 (range 0.25–35) months. After 2 months of treatment, 51 patients remained on zonisamide, 18 (35.3%) of whom demonstrated a ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency. At the end of the follow-up period, there was a loss of effect for some patients. Thirteen (25.5%) of the 51 patients continued to demonstrate a ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency whilst two who had become seizure-free started having seizures again. Six (11.8%) had <50% reduction, twenty-four (47%) had no change, and eight (15.7%) had increasing seizures. Twenty-five (43.9%) patients reported unwanted effects although this contributed to the withdrawal of zonisamide in only ten (17.6%) patients.ConclusionsZonisamide appeared to be a reasonably effective and generally well-tolerated antiepileptic drug in a heterogeneous group of 57 children with poorly controlled epilepsy and provides another treatment option for children with refractory seizures.     

Broad-spectrum efficacy of zonisamide at 12 months in children with intractable epilepsy

In a retrospective study of 35 children (ages 8 months to 22 years; mean age 9 years) with intractable epilepsy, seizure frequency was determined before and after 12 months of zonisamide therapy. Charts were reviewed for seizure type (focal, generalized, or mixed), cognitive function (no special education versus special education), concomitant anticonvulsant medications, and the number of previous anticonvulsant drugs. Good to excellent seizure control (50-100% reduction) was attained in seven (54%) patients with generalized seizures, two (40%) patients with focal seizures, five (35%) patients with mixed seizures, and one (33%) patient with infantile spasms. In this group of children, the efficacy of zonisamide was comparable for focal, generalized, and mixed seizures. The efficacy of zonisamide was independent of cognitive status.Adverse effects were not associated with a higher mean dose. This could be attributable to different rates of metabolism or represent idiosyncratic responses to the medication. Our finding that those children taking the combination of zonisamide and levetiracetam had a significantly worse outcome than those on levetiracetam and a different drug warrants further study, both clinically and from the standpoint of mechanisms of action of zonisamide and levetiracetam and/or their pharmacodynamic interactions.     

Coadministration of vigabatrin and valproate in children with refractory epilepsy.

The effects of adding vigabatrin (GVG) to the antiepileptic regimens of 16 children with refractory epilepsy have been studied. One-half of the regimens included sodium valproate (VPA). Parameters studied were seizure reduction, platelet GABA-T activity, and steady-state plasma concentrations (CSS) of GVG and VPA. Add-on GVG reduced the seizure frequency both in patients receiving VPA (from 42.9 to 4.5 seizures/month, p < 0.01) and in those without VPA (from 60.0 to 31.7 seizures/month, p < 0.05). GVG also reduced GABA-T activity in both groups (from 19.4 to 5.4, p < 0.001 and from 8.3 to 4.5 pmol/min/mg of protein, p < 0.05, respectively). Seizure reduction and GABA-T inhibition were greater in patients taking VPA than in those who were not. In patients receiving VPA, no significant changes were observed in VPA CSS values before and after the addition of GVG. On the other hand, no differences were found in GVG CSS values between patients with and without VPA. It is concluded that the coadministration of GVG to valproate reduces the frequency of seizures in refractory epileptic children and does not affect the steady-state plasma concentrations of either drug. Therefore, their association could be useful in clinical practice.     

Progressive myoclonus epilepsy treated with zonisamide

Two patients with progressive myoclonus epilepsy of the Unverricht-Lundborg type and with intractable seizures in spite of standard anticonvulsant regimens were treated with zonisamide. After zonisamide therapy was initiated, both had a marked decrease in seizure frequency and significant improvement of functioning. Serum zonisamide concentrations were 43 and 27 micrograms/ml, respectively, with doses of 8.8 and 10.5 mg/kg/d. Both patients also continue to receive valproic acid and a benzodiazepine.