黄芪、苏木及其组方对荷瘤小鼠脾调节性T细胞表达及血清细胞因子水平的干预作用

目的观察黄芪、苏木及其组方对荷瘤小鼠脾CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞表达及血清细胞因子水平的干预作用。方法复制C57BL/6小鼠Lewis肺癌动物模型,动态观察黄芪、苏木及其组方对抑瘤率、肺转移抑制率、荷瘤小鼠体重、生存期的影响。接种后6、10、15、20d流式细胞仪检测荷瘤小鼠脾CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞的表达,20d采集小鼠血清,流式微球阵列技术检测细胞因子IL-2、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12p70、IFN-γ水平,酶联免疫法(ELISA)法检测转化生长因子β(TGF-β)水平。结果苏木组6d、黄芪+苏木组10d瘤重低于荷瘤对照组(P<0.05);黄芪+苏木组肺转移抑制率为77.75%;荷瘤对照组小鼠脾CD4+CD25+Foxp3+细胞表达随荷瘤天数的增加呈上升趋势,20d黄芪组小鼠脾CD4+CD25+Foxp3+细胞表达低于荷瘤对照组(P<0.05),黄芪+苏木组显著低于荷瘤对照组(P<0.01);黄芪+苏木组小鼠血清IL-10、TGF-β水平低于荷瘤对照组(P<0.05);中位生存期分别为黄芪+苏木组(39d)>黄芪组(38d)>苏木组(35d)>荷瘤对照组(24d)...     

益气养阴方对Lewis肺癌移植小鼠免疫重塑相关因子表达的影响

目的 观察益气养阴方对Lewis肺癌移植小鼠免疫重塑相关因子IL-10、TGF-β表达的影响。方法 30只近交系C57BL/6纯系小鼠行Lewis肺癌细胞移植造模后随机分为3组：模型组、中药组及西药组,每组10只。模型组只行造模,中药组给予灌胃益气养阴方悬液,1次/d,0.4 ml/次。西药组将Nivolumab按照0.273 mg/10g溶于0.2 mL生理盐水中腹腔注射,每2周1次;各组均常规喂食。接种后第2 d开始给药,给药3周。第7d开始观察记录各组小鼠瘤体大小(每3 d测1次瘤体大小)。观察期满后各组小鼠断颈处死,留取各组肿瘤组织,ELISA法测定肿瘤组织匀浆IL-10、TGF-β、Foxp3含量,流式细胞仪检测小鼠外周血CD4+CD25+Treg细胞比例。结果 中药组及西药组肿瘤体积增长均减慢,两组抑瘤率比较无统计学差异(p>0.05);与模型组相比,中药组及西药组肿瘤组织IL-10、TGF-?表达及Foxp3表达均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与中药组比较,西药组肿瘤组织IL-10、TGF-?、Foxp3表达降低更明显,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型组比较,两组药物干预组小鼠外周血CD4+CD25+Treg细胞比例降低(P<0.05),西药组小鼠外周血CD4+CD25+Treg细胞比例降低较中药干预组降低更明显(P<0.05)。结论 益气养阴方可抑制Lewis肺癌移植小鼠肿瘤生长,其机制可能与降低肿瘤组织Foxp3表达,减少CD4+CD25+Treg细胞分化,降低IL-10、TGF-β表达,改善细胞免疫抑制状态,进而发挥调节免疫重塑作用有相关性。     

调节性T细胞治疗实验性小鼠多发性肌炎及机制研究

目的探讨CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg细胞对于实验性自身免疫性肌炎（EAM）小鼠的治疗价值及机制。方法免疫磁珠分
选技术从BALC/c小鼠脾脏中分选出足量CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg细胞以备回输,观察干预组及未干预组EAM小鼠肌肉组织
病理学变化,流式细胞仪检测两组小鼠脾脏CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg细胞表面PD-1及CTLA-4的表达变化,双抗体夹心ELISA
法检测外周血IL-10、TGF-β的变化。结果干预组小鼠较未干预组肌肉病理炎性细胞浸润明显减轻,其外周血IL-10、TGF-β含
量较未干预组明显升高（P<0.05）,脾脏CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg细胞表面PD-1及CTLA-4表达明显升高（P<0.05）。结论CD4+
CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg细胞回输对于EAM小鼠的治疗效果是通过增加外周血IL-10及TGF-β水平和增高脾脏CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+
Treg细胞表面PD-1及CTLA-4的表达发挥作用。
     

乳清蛋白水解物诱导的食物口服耐受小鼠血清Th2相关细胞因子的变化

目的 观察乳清蛋白水解物能否诱导口服耐受,阐明Th2相关细胞因子与食物口服耐受之间的关系.方法 乳清蛋白及其水解物喂养BALB/c小鼠(n=176),建立口服耐受模型,实验分为对照A组、乳清蛋白组、部分水解乳清蛋白组、深度水解乳清蛋白组(n=44);同时,用乳清蛋白致敏、激发BALB/c小鼠(n=83)建立食物过敏模型,实验分为对照B组(n=41)和乳清蛋白致敏组(n=42).检测各组血清IgE、IgG、IgG1、IL- 4、TGF-β1水平;进行小肠病理组织学分析;流式细胞术检测脾CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞数量.结果 与对照A组相比,乳清蛋白组血清IgE、IgG1、IgG和IL- 4的水平降低,而TGF-β1水平升高, 脾CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞百分比升高(P<0.05);部分水解乳清蛋白组血清IgE和IL- 4水平降低,而TGF-β1水平升高,CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞百分比增加(P<0.05);深度水解乳清蛋白组与对照A组各指标的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).乳清蛋白致敏组血清IgE和IL- 4水平升高,而TGF-β1水平降低,脾CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞百分比升高,与对照B组的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 乳清蛋白和部分水解乳清蛋白可诱导出以Th2型淋巴细胞反应抑制为主要特征的口服耐受,而深度水解乳清蛋白未能诱导出任何有意义的反应.     

不同类型HBV感染者外周血Treg/Th17细胞的变化及意义

目的:探讨不同类型HBV感染者外周血中CD4+Foxp3+Treg/Th17细胞的变化及意义。方法:分别采用流式细胞术、实时定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)法检测15例急性乙型肝炎(AHB)患者、40例慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者、40例无症状携带者(AsC)及30例健康对照者外周血外周血Treg/Th17细胞百分率、核转录因3(Foxp3)/(RORγt)mRNA的表达以及血浆转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)/白细胞介素17(IL-17)的水平。结果:AHB组患者CD4+Foxp3+Treg/CD4+T细胞百分率、Foxp3mRNA及TGF-β1水平与正常对照组相比无明显差异;而CD4+IL-17+/CD4+T细胞百分率、RORγt mRNA及IL-17水平与正常对照组相比明显升高,差异有统计学意义。CHB组患者CD4+Foxp3+Treg/CD4+T细胞百分率、Foxp3mRNA、TGF-β1水平及CD4+IL-17+/CD4+T细胞百分率、RORγt mRNA、IL-17水平与正常对照组相比均明显升高,差异有统计学意义;与正常对照组相比,AsC组患者CD4+Foxp3+Treg/CD4+T细胞百分率、Foxp3 mRNA、TGF-β1水平及CD4+IL-17+/CD4+T细胞百分率、RORγt mRNA、IL-17水平无明显差异。结论:在不同类型HBV感染者外周血中Treg/Th17细胞失衡,Treg/Th17细胞失衡可能与HBV感染的状态、结局有关。     

屋尘螨过敏原DNA疫苗对哮喘模型小鼠Foxp3+调节性T细胞功能的影响

目的 观察编码屋尘螨主要过敏原Der p1和Der p2的质粒DNA疫苗对哮喘小鼠脾细胞Foxp3 调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg细胞)功能的影响.方法 以屋尘螨提取液复制哮喘模型后,将编码Der p1、Der p2的真核表达质粒pDs-Der p1、pCI-neo-Der p2等量混合接种小鼠后对小鼠进行再次激发.分离小鼠脾脏细胞,以流式细胞仪方法检测CD4 CD25 Foxp3 Treg细胞比例.采用磁珠法分离CD4 CD25 T细胞,流式细胞仪检测其Foxp3基因的表达,并以IL-2进行刺激观察其增殖反应,测定其上清液中的IL-10、TGF-β含量.将分离的Treg细胞与哮喘小鼠CD4 CD25-T细胞共同培养,观察Treg细胞对CD4 CD25-T细胞增殖及IL-4、IL-5、IFN-γ的影响.结果 哮喘组小鼠脾脏CD4 CD25 Foxp3 Treg细胞比例显著低于对照组,经DNA疫苗治疗后CD4 CD25 Foxp3 Treg细胞显著增加.体外培养发现各组CD4 CD25 Foxp3 Treg细胞增殖能力均显著低于CD4 CD25-T细胞,培养液上清中均未检测到IL-10和TGF-β存在.3组CD4 CD25 Foxp3 Treg细胞均可显著抑制哮喘CD4 CD25-T细胞的增殖及IL-4、IL-5和IFN-γ的分泌,但在3组Treg细胞中,哮喘组Treg细胞作用显著低于其他两组.结论 Treg细胞可显著抑制哮喘CD4 CD25-T细胞的增殖及炎性介质的分泌,哮喘小鼠不仅出现CD4 CD25 Foxp3 Treg细胞数量的减少,而且其功能也可能出现缺陷.DNA疫苗治疗可以诱导CD4 CD25 Foxp3 Treg细胞增加,并恢复其功能活性.     

Gm-CSF、IL-4联合诱导树突细胞对大鼠肝癌微环境Treg细胞表达的影响

目的研究和探讨粒/巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(Gm-CSF)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)联合诱导制造的树突细胞(DC)疫苗对大鼠肝癌微环境下Treg细胞表达的影响,为将来临床制备高效的肿瘤疫苗提供理论依据。方法从健康志愿者血液中提取单核细胞,利用Gm-CSF、IL-4联合诱导分化为DC,在第3、5、8天时测细胞,成功诱导成熟DC后与T淋巴细胞共培养7 d,分别在第0、3、5、7天时检测CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞比例,同时将DC负载肿瘤抗原,制备DC疫苗。采用饮用二乙基亚硝水溶液的方法制造肝癌荷瘤大鼠模型30例,分为模型对照组与DC疫苗组。每组各15只,DC疫苗组分别于造模后第2、5、8周的周一、三、五、七皮下多点注射DC疫苗,模型组皮下注射等量生理盐水,最后一次注射的3周后处死大鼠,对比两组大鼠肝癌结节数以及肝癌组织中CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞的表达情况。结果诱导第8天,CD1a、CD80、CD83、CD86及HLA-DR免疫表型达到表达高峰;诱导后DC细胞与T淋巴细胞共培养后,CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞比例显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);注射DC疫苗后,荷瘤大鼠肝内癌结节数显著降低(P0.05),肝癌组织中CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞表达显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用Gm-CSF联合IL-4可以成功诱导DC细胞,体外培养能降低CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg表达量,制备成DC疫苗可以降低大鼠肝癌微环境中Treg表达量,对癌结节有显著治疗作用。     

扶正抑瘤汤对肺癌荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长、免疫微环境的影响

目的研究扶正抑瘤汤对肺癌荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长、免疫微环境的影响。方法将50只清洁级C57BL/6小鼠建立肺癌荷瘤小鼠模型,50只小鼠造模成功48只,其中模型组9只,顺铂组9只,扶正抑瘤汤高、中、低剂量组均10只。扶正抑瘤汤高、中、低剂量组小鼠分别灌胃24 g/kg、12 g/kg、6 g/kg扶正抑瘤汤;顺铂组腹腔注射4 mg/kg顺铂;模型组灌胃等体积生理盐水。比较各组小鼠肿瘤生长抑制率,各组小鼠血清TGF-β、白细胞介素2(IL-2)、干扰素(IFN-γ)浓度,比较各组小鼠肿瘤组织中及程序性死亡受体1(PD-L1)、CD4CD25+Treg细胞表达情况,Bax、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平及Bax、Bcl-2 mRNA相对表达量。结果各组小鼠肿瘤生长抑制率、IL-2、IFN-γ浓度及肿瘤组织中Bax mRNA、Bax蛋白相对表达水平均高于模型组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);各组小鼠血清TGF-β浓度及PD-L1表达、CD4+CD25+Treg细胞占比、Bcl-2 mRNA、Bcl-2蛋白相对表达水平均低于模型组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);扶正抑瘤汤的作用呈剂量依赖性,且扶正抑瘤汤高剂量组优于顺铂组。结论扶正抑瘤汤对肺癌荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长具有抑制作用,可改善肿瘤免疫微环境。     

益气养阴方对Lewis肺癌移植模型小鼠免疫重塑相关因子表达的影响

目的观察益气养阴方对Lewis肺癌移植模型小鼠免疫重塑相关因子表达的影响。方法30只近交系C57BL/6纯系小鼠行Lewis肺癌细胞移植造模后随机分为三组:模型组、中药组及西药组,每组10只。模型组仅造模;中药组造模后予灌胃益气养阴方悬液(含生药2g/mL),1天1次,每次0.4mL;西药组将Nivolumab按照0.273mg/10g溶于0.2mL生理盐水中腹腔注射,每2周1次;各组均常规喂食。造模后第2天开始给药,给药3周。第7天开始观察记录各组小鼠瘤体大小(每3天测1次瘤体大小)。观察期满后各组小鼠断颈处死,留取各组小鼠肿瘤组织,ELISA法测定肿瘤组织匀浆白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、转录因子p3(Foxp3)含量,流式细胞仪检测小鼠外周血CD4+CD25+Treg细胞比例。结果中药组及西药组肿瘤体积增长均减慢,两组抑瘤率比较(23.07%比37.55%),差异无统计学意义(P0.05);与模型组比较,中药组及西药组肿瘤组织IL-10含量(1915.79±114.13)pg/mL、(1712.71±157.25)pg/mL比(2257.78±63.00)pg/mL;TGF-β含量(99.59±18.64)pg/mL、(66.83±9.75)pg/mL比(142.33±8.16)pg/mL;Foxp3表达(0.83±0.11)、(0.35±0.09)比(0.98±0.08),均明显下降(P均0.05);与中药组比较,西药组肿瘤组织IL-10含量(1712.71±157.25)pg/mL比(1915.79±114.13)pg/mL,TGF-β含量(66.83±9.75)pg/mL比(99.59±18.64)pg/mL,Foxp3表达(0.35±0.09)比(0.83±0.11),均明显降低(P均0.05);与模型组比较,中药组及西药组小鼠外周血CD4+CD25+Treg细胞比例(1.07±0.12)%、(0.50±0.26)%比(1.17±0.38)%,明显降低(P0.05),西药组小鼠外周血CD4+CD25+Treg细胞比例(0.50±0.26)%较中药组(1.07±0.12)%降低更明显(P0.05)。结论益气养阴方可抑制Lewis肺癌移植模型小鼠肿瘤生长,其机制可能与降低肿瘤组织Foxp3表达,减少CD4+CD25+Treg细胞分化,降低IL-10、TGF-β表达,改善细胞免疫抑制状态相关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.