双胎妊娠子痫前期的临床危险因素及围生儿结局分析

目的 探讨双胎妊娠子痫前期（preeclampsia,PE）发病的高危因素，为临床干预治疗提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2022年7月在北京市通州区妇幼保健院住院分娩的700例双胎妊娠孕妇的临床资料，其中643例纳入研究，根据是否发生PE分为PE组（97例）和非PE组（546例），比较两组孕妇的基线特征及围生儿结局，采用多因素logistic回归分析双胎妊娠PE、不同程度PE的影响因素，以及围生儿结局的影响因素。结果 (1)双胎妊娠PE的总发生率为14.9%。(2)多因素logistic回归分析显示，高龄、妊娠糖尿病、妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症、孕期体重增长速度是双胎妊娠PE的独立危险因素（OR分别为2.45、2.22、3.40、4.04,95%CI分别为1.41～4.25、1.39～3.54、1.39～8.30、1.03～15.81）。按照体重指数分层，校正孕妇的年龄后，超重双胎妊娠孕妇孕期体重增长速度是PE的独立危险因素（OR=23.90,95%CI 1.37～416.02）。高龄、妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症是双胎妊娠轻度PE的独立危险因素（OR分别为3.51、5.33,95%CI...     

孕早中期孕妇肠道菌群差异与子痫前期发病关系的研究

背景 子痫前期病情严重者可进展至子痫并威胁母婴生命安全,而肠道菌群构成变化可能参与子痫前期的发生、发展,但尚无明确证据。 目的 探讨孕早中期孕妇肠道菌群差异与子痫前期发病的关系。 方法 选取2019年1月至2021年1月桂林医学院第二附属医院产科招募且符合本研究纳入标准的孕妇455例。将妊娠20周后确诊为子痫前期的孕妇作为子痫前期组（n=32）,未发生子痫前期的孕妇作为非子痫前期组（n=423）。收集孕妇的临床资料,并分别留取孕早期（≤12+6周）、孕中期（13~27+6周）粪便标本进行肠道菌群生物信息学分析,分析其与子痫前期发病的关系。 结果 子痫前期组和非子痫前期组年龄、孕早期Shannon指数和Simpson指数比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥35周岁〔OR=1.894,95%CI（1.432,2.369）〕、孕早期Shannon指数下降〔OR=0.709,95%CI（0.465,0.921）〕、孕早期Simpson指数下降〔OR=0.612,95%CI（0.354,0.893）〕是孕妇发生子痫前期的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。孕早期Shannon指数预测孕妇子痫前期发病的受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积为0.745〔95%CI（0.652,0.838）〕,截断值为6.255,灵敏度为76.58%,特异度为60.00%;孕早期Simpson指数预测孕妇子痫前期发病的ROC曲线下面积为0.724〔95%CI（0.623,0.826）〕,截断值为0.945,灵敏度为62.90%,特异度为60.61%。 结论 孕早期粪便肠道菌群Shannon指数、Simpson指数降低是孕妇发生子痫前期的独立危险因素,且对子痫前期发病具有早期预测价值。     

单胎妊娠孕妇子痫前期的影响因素分析

目的 探讨单胎妊娠孕妇子痫前期的临床影响因素。方法 选取2018年1月至2022年12月首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院产科分娩的单胎孕妇14 875例,采用多因素logistic回归方程分析孕妇子痫前期发病的影响因素。结果14 875例单胎孕妇中,年龄28～37岁,平均（32.5±4.1）岁;2 975例（20.0%）孕妇发生子痫前期。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄越大（OR=1.034,95%CI:1.017～1.052,P <0.001）、孕前BMI越高（OR=1.137,95%CI:1.118～1.155,P <0.001）、孕期增重越高（OR=1.050,95%CI:1.039～1.061,P <0.001）、产次越低（OR=0.585,95%CI:0.493～0.695,P <0.001）、辅助生殖技术受孕（OR=2.169,95%CI:1.790～2.628,P <0.001）、妊娠期糖尿病（OR=1.233,95%CI:1.050～1.426,P=0.010）的孕妇,发生子痫前期的风险越高（P <0.05）。结论 年龄、孕前...     

妊娠合并症及不良妊娠结局与孕前体重及孕期体重增长的关系

  目的  探讨孕前体重及孕期体重增长对妊娠合并症及不良妊娠结局的影响及关系,为孕期保健及降低孕期并发症、改善母婴结局提供依据。  方法  收集2020年1月至2022年1月期间在西双版纳傣族自治州人民医院住院分娩的合并妊娠期糖尿病（gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM）、高血压等疾病及分娩巨大儿的单胎活产产妇603例,根据孕前体重指数（body mass index,BMI）及孕期体重增加（gestational weight gain,GWG）标准分别分为低体重组31例、正常体重组365例、超重组146例、肥胖组61例及体重增加不足组163例、体重增加正常组230例和体重增加过多组210例,对各组孕期并发症及不良妊娠结局,如剖宫产率、肩难产、巨大儿出生率、低出生体重儿、入住NICU率等进行对比分析。  结果  孕前肥胖是子痫前期影响因素;不同孕前BMI孕妇的子痫前期、剖宫产、早产、低出生体重儿及转NICU的发生率随着孕前BMI的递增依次升高,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;孕期体重增长各组的巨大儿、肩难产、子痫前期及剖宫产的发生率随着GWG的升高依次增加,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。  结论  孕前BMI过高及孕期体重增加过度均会增加妊娠期并发症的发生,并导致不良妊娠结局发生率的升高。医院及社会应进一步加强孕妇孕期体重管理和教育,对孕期体重进行全程干预,以减少妊娠合并症及不良妊娠结局的发生。     

高危妊娠孕产妇的风险因素与妊娠结局相关性研究

目的：观察分析高危妊娠的危险因素,并探讨可能的预防对策。方法回顾性分析产检的4280例孕产妇资料,其中高危产妇1253例,正常孕妇3027例,对高危妊娠的相关因素进行总结,并探讨高危风险因素与妊娠结局的相关性。比较2组产妇组的剖宫产率、围产儿死亡率及阴道助产分娩率的差异。结果高危妊娠最主要的危险因素与妊娠结局相关性强弱依次为不良孕产史（其中孕产史≥2次条件下OR=6.868）、妊娠并发症与合并症（糖尿病OR=3.101,妊高症OR=6.451,贫血OR=5.221,先心病OR=3.353）、胎盘及羊水因素（OR=7.189）、孕产妇年龄状况（年龄18～34岁OR=3.413,年龄≥35岁OR=3.759）、营养因素（OR=11.532）、其他（OR=0.789）;高危产妇的剖宫产率（52.83%）、围产儿死亡率（2.23%）、阴道助产分娩率（4.79%）较正常孕妇组要高（分别为17.31%、0.26%和0.56%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论对高危妊娠的危险因素进行早期识别,并在妊娠期跟踪、干预及控制,对减少母婴并发症发生,保障母婴安全有积极的临床意义。     

妊娠期高血压疾病的危险因素及妊娠结局研究

目的:探讨妊娠期高血压疾病的危险因素及妊娠结局。方法:选取150例妊娠期高血压患者作为病例组,以同期150例正常晚期妊娠孕妇为对照组,以问卷调查和查阅临床资料相结合的方式获取资料,分析危险因素并比较不同组的妊娠结局。结果:初中以下文化、双胎、早孕期未补充叶酸、BMI>24、基础收缩压≥120 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.1333 kPa)是妊娠期高血压疾病的重要危险因素;重度子痫前期患者平均分娩孕周和新生儿体重明显低于对照组、妊娠期高血压及轻度子痫前期患者(P<0.05);重度子痫前期患者并发症发生率明显高于妊娠期高血压患者和轻度子痫前期(P<0.05)。结论:妊娠期高血压疾病与多种因素有关,严格控制基础血压、提高低文化程度孕妇的自我保健意识、孕期控制体重、早期补充叶酸可在一定程度上预防或减少妊娠期高血压疾病的发生。     

妊娠合并慢性肾炎孕妇不良围产结局的危险因素分析

目的寻找妊娠合并慢性肾炎孕妇不良围产结局的危险因素并预测可能的不良结局。方法选择妊娠合并慢性肾炎患者作为试验组,正常孕产妇作为对照组。分析两组临床指标、妊娠及围产结局及预后。结果不良围产结局的发生与孕前尿素氮及血肌酐(SCr)、孕前合并慢性高血压、规律产前检查、孕期并发子痫前期、孕期SCr、尿蛋白分度、妊娠期高血压关系密切(P均<0.05),与不良围产结局密切相关的因素按照OR值从高到低依次为:孕前SCr、孕期并发子痫前期、孕前合并慢性高血压、尿蛋白分度。结论不良围产结局受孕前SCr影响最大。     

孕次孕期体重与子痫前期妊娠结局的logistic回归分析

目的：探讨孕次、孕期体重变化与子痫前期分娩结局的影响。方法：回顾性分析2002年11月至2012年11月北海市三家医院收治确为子痫前期的、单胎且无基础病的孕妇,共3271例,以孕妇的孕次分孕次≥3组176例;孕次〈3组3095例,按孕期体重增加值划分,分体重增长≤10kg组265例、体重增长〉15kg组241例,体重增加10-15kg组2765例,研究两个变量同时对孕妇发病孕周的影响。结果：显示孕期体重变化、及孕妇的孕次与发病孕周呈正相关性。结论：孕妇的妊娠次数是妊娠期子痫前期的危险因素;孕期体重的增长变化与妊娠结局有关,孕期科学控制饮食不会影响发病时间。     

子痫前期再发风险的评估

目的评估子痫前期患者再次妊娠发生子痫前期的复发率及相关影响因素,为子痫前期患者再次妊娠发生子痫前期提供预测指标。方法回顾性研究2008年8月~2014年8月在我院分娩的子痫前期孕妇82例,对这些患者的资料进行分析。结果 82例子痫前期孕妇,其中22例在后来的妊娠中再次发生子痫前期,子痫前期的复发率为(26.83%,95%CI 17.03~36.62),通过多因素回归分析显示;妊娠合并慢性高血压(OR=3.85,95%CI 1.05~14.8,P=0.041),糖尿病(OR=3.49,95%CI 0.15~5.12,P=0.049),及子痫前期的严重性(OR=3.05,95%CI 0.84~1.07,P=0.034)是子痫前期复发的独立危险因素,子痫前期的复发与实验室指标没有显著联系。结论近1/4的子痫前期孕妇再次妊娠会复发子痫前期,大部分子痫前期妇女在后来的妊娠中血压正常(63.38~82.97)。妊娠合并慢性高血压、糖尿病及子痫前期的严重性是子痫前期复发的独立危险因素,子痫前期的再发与实验室指标没有显著联系。     

胰岛素治疗与妊娠期糖尿病患者孕期体重及体重指数增加的相关性

目的研究胰岛素治疗与妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）患者孕期体重及BMI增加的相关性。方法回顾性分析诊断为GDM的孕妇556例,其中23例接受胰岛素治疗（胰岛素治疗组）,533例未予胰岛素治疗（非胰岛素治疗组）。对比两组妊娠结局,分析胰岛素治疗与孕期体重增加及孕期BMI增加的相关性。结果胰岛素治疗组子痫前期、大于胎龄儿（LGA）、小于胎龄儿（SGA）、新生儿低血糖、巨大儿等不良妊娠结局发生率低于非胰岛素治疗组,但差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;556例患者孕期体重增加与GDM不良结局均呈正相关（r=0.0919,P＜0.05）;胰岛素治疗组孕期体重及BMI增加明显低于非胰岛素治疗组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.01）;胰岛素治疗与孕期体重增加及孕期BMI增加呈负相关（r=-0.1452、-0.1339,均P＜0.01）。结论胰岛素治疗可使GDM妇女孕期体重及BMI增加幅度降低,可能是改善GDM妊娠不良结局的机制之一。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.