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1.
目的 研究分析北京市女性乳腺癌绝经前后危险因素。方法 采用病例对照研究的方法,于2019年6月1日至2019年12月31日,随机选取北京市8家医疗机构首次确诊的乳腺癌患者为本次研究的病例组,以相同医疗机构该时间段就诊的非乳腺癌患者为对照组。将收集的病例组和对照组研究对象按照绝经状态进行分组,其中绝经前共472人,绝经后共501人。采用北京市疾病预防控制中心统一编制的问卷进行一对一问卷调查。调查内容主要包括人口学基本特征、生理生育和职业危险因素3个方面。采用x2检验对调查对象的人口学基本特征、生理生育和职业因素进行单因素分析。采用Wilcoxon秩和检验对BMI和初潮年龄进行单因素分析。采用非条件logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果 绝经前,随着BMI的升高,乳腺癌发病风险越高(P=0.006,OR=1.08,95%CI:1.02~1.14);与大学及以上文化程度者相比,初中及以下者(P<0.001,OR=9.01,95%CI:4.54~17.89)和高中者(P<0.001,OR=3.89,95%CI:2.13~7.09)发病风险增高;与无流产史者相比,有流产史者发病风险升高(P=0.037,OR=1.72,95%CI:1.03~2.88);与无夜间轮班作业者相比,有夜间轮班作业史增加乳腺癌的发病风险(P=0.043,OR=1.69,95%CI:1.02~2.79)。绝经后,随着BMI的升高,乳腺癌发病风险越高(P=0.007,OR=1.08,95%CI:1.02~1.14);与大学及以上文化程度者相比,初中及以下者(P=0.001,OR=2.59,95%CI:1.44~4.66)和高中者(P=0.029,OR=1.76,95%CI:1.06~2.93)发病风险增高。结论 BMI、文化程度为女性乳腺癌危险因素,流产史和夜间轮班作业更容易对绝经前女性乳腺癌发病产生影响。应通过改变生活方式、合理饮食等途径降低BMI,加强对较低文化水平女性乳腺癌的筛查,限制绝经前患乳腺癌风险高的女性夜班工作的可能性、建立适当的休息次数制度,加强宣教减少流产,从而有效降低乳腺癌的发生。 相似文献
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目的:了解北京市女性乳腺癌与职业危险因素的关系,为制定预防策略和措施提供科学依据。方法:于2019年6至12月,采用1:1病例对照研究调查方法,选取北京市8家医疗机构,以调查医疗机构确诊的乳腺癌患者(495人)为病例组,以相同医疗机构非乳腺癌患者(478人)为对照组。采用北京市疾病预防控制中心编制问卷进行调查,调查内容... 相似文献
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目的探讨北京市手足口病死亡的危险因素,为防制手足口病、减少手足口病死亡提供科学依据。方法收集2010年北京市手足口病重症和死亡病例资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析对手足口病死亡的危险因素进行分析。结果 2010年北京市报告重症手足口病610例,其中死亡病例18例,重症病例病死率为2.95%。结果显示:患者年龄、户口类型为流动人口、诊断重症病例的医院类型为县医院、到村级(个体)医疗机构就诊和病原检测结果为肠道病毒71型(enterovirus 71,EV71)是重症手足口病死亡的影响因素。结论为减少手足口病死亡病例的发生,应重视1岁以下婴幼儿,流动人口和EV71感染儿童的防控工作,手足口病患者应到正规医院就诊,发现重症早期症状者应立即转诊到具有诊治重症病例能力的医疗机构进行科学规范救治。 相似文献
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目的 探讨酒精摄入与女性乳腺癌发病风险的关联性。方法 通过Stata 12.0软件对国内外发表的有关酒精摄入与女性乳腺癌发病风险的队列研究和病例对照研究进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入16项病例对照研究和15项队列研究,包括50 519例患者和973 216例对照者。病例对照研究Meta分析提示,酒精暴露可明显增加女性个体发生乳腺癌的风险,合并OR值为1.18,95%置信区间为1.05~1.32;以绝经状态为亚组的Meta分析提示,酒精暴露可增加绝经后女性个体发生乳腺癌的风险,合并OR值为1.26,95%置信区间为1.08~1.46。队列研究Meta分析提示,有酒精暴露者女性乳腺癌的发生率是非饮酒者的1.1倍,合并RR值为1.10,95%置信区间为1.06~1.15;以绝经状态为亚组的Meta分析提示,有酒精暴露的绝经后女性乳腺癌的发生率是非饮酒者的1.1倍,合并RR值为1.14,95%置信区间为1.10~1.19。结论 酒精摄入可显著提高女性尤其绝经后乳腺癌的发病风险。 相似文献
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目的研究上海女性身体测量指标与绝经前后乳腺癌之间的关系.方法采用前瞻性队列研究方法.1997-2000年在上海市区建立一个73 461人年龄40~70岁的女性队列.每2年随访一次,至2004年6月共收集乳腺癌新发病例432例.用Cox回归模型估计身体测量指标与女性乳腺癌发生的相对危险度(RR)和95%可信区间(CI).结果调整年龄、文化程度、能量摄入、月经、生育等混杂因素后,基线调查时体重、体重指数(BMI)、腰臀围比例(WHR)和20岁后体重增加与绝经后女性乳腺癌危险性呈正相关,与绝经前女性乳腺癌发生无关.身高与乳腺癌危险的显著正相关关系仅在绝经前女性中发现,20岁时身高在161 cm以上者发生乳腺癌的危险是157.1 cm以下者的1.84倍(95%CI:1.30~2.61).20岁时BMI处于平均水平者绝经前患乳腺癌的危险性显著高于其他两组.BMI和WHR互相调整后,WHR独立于BMI的作用接近显著性水平.调整BMI后,20岁后体重增加会显著增加绝经后乳腺癌危险(RR=1.61,95%CI:1.09~2.37).结论对于绝经后女性,成年后体重增加和中心性肥胖都是预测乳腺癌危险的指标.因此控制成年后体重、减少腹部脂肪堆积是预防绝经后乳腺癌发生的有效措施.身高可能是影响绝经前女性乳腺癌发生的危险因素. 相似文献
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目的 基于医疗机构就诊电子信息系统数据分析北京市西城区带状疱疹流行特征。方法 利用医疗机构病例就诊电子信息系统,收集2019年北京市西城区全部42家医疗机构带状疱疹病例进行回顾性调查。收集2019年北京市西城区全部医疗机构带状疱疹病例个人基本信息和诊疗信息。经查重后筛选出现住址为西城区的门诊病例,进行描述性分析。结果 首次就诊的门诊病例3 982例,年发病率为3.38‰(3 982/1 178 999)。男性和女性发病率分别为2.90‰(1 655/570 320)和3.82‰(2 327/608 679),发病率随年龄增长呈增高的趋势。1-12月均有发病。病例主要就诊于三级医院,就诊科室主要为皮肤科、中医科。首诊就诊病例的年龄(60.48±15.43)岁,在带状疱疹并发症的临床类型中,播散性带状疱疹病例的年龄(74.00±8.98)岁,外耳带状疱疹病例的年龄(54.32±15.73)岁。并发症位居前3位的分别为带状疱疹(82.65%,3 291/3 982)、带状疱疹后神经痛(10.37%,413/3 982)和伴其他神经系统并发症(4.37%,174/3 982)。结论 2019年北京市西城区带状疱疹门诊病例以≥ 50岁人群为主,女性的发病率高于男性。带状疱疹并发症中,以≥ 50岁、带状疱疹后神经痛为主。 相似文献
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《中国妇幼保健》2019,(23)
目的分析建德地区30~70岁女性乳腺癌发病影响因素,为女性乳腺癌防治提供参考。方法选取2017年7月-2019年4月在该院就诊且经组织病理检查证实为乳腺癌的166例患者为观察组,另选取同期在该院健康体检的正常健康女性166例为对照组。调查两组研究对象基本资料,包括乳腺癌家族史、生育史、既往月经状况、服药情况及乳腺疾病状况等。结果两组研究对象在生育史、初产年龄、哺乳史、流产史、初潮年龄、自然绝经年龄、行经时间、家族史、使用激素类药物、既往乳腺疾病史方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0. 05)。经调整年龄和绝经状态等因素后,多因素分析结果显示,乳腺癌家族史、服用激素类药物、既往存在乳腺疾病史及初潮初产间隔时间长是女性发生乳腺癌的高危因素(均P0. 05);而生育史、哺乳史及初潮年龄晚是女性发生乳腺癌的保护性因素(均P0. 05)。以绝经状态进行分析,绝经女性中,初潮年龄晚、有生育史及无流产史是女性发生乳腺癌的保护性因素(均P0. 05);未绝经女性中,初潮初产间隔时间超过17年是发生乳腺癌的高危因素(P0. 05)。结论女性发生乳腺癌的影响因素较多,包括乳腺癌家族史、既往存在乳腺疾病史和初潮年龄等,生育史和哺乳史是有效保护女性的重要因素,因此可加强宣教,鼓励女性尽早母乳喂养,降低乳腺癌发病率,同时做好健康体检,做到早发现、早治疗。 相似文献
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唐山市女性乳腺癌环境危险因素病例对照研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
目的探讨乳腺癌发病的环境危险因素,为乳腺癌的病因研究及其一级预防提供理论依据。方法采用1:1配比的病例对照研究,调查2004年4月-2005年7月在唐山市各大医院就诊的新发女性乳腺癌患者和非乳腺癌对照各175例。采用面对面访谈式进行调查,应用配对X^2检验进行单因素分析,用条件Logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果单因素分析表明,室内杀虫剂使用年限长、有机溶剂暴露年限长、农药暴露年限长、居住区环境污染、被动吸烟年限长、放射线检查次数多为乳腺癌的危险因素;多因素条件Logistic回归分析显示,室内杀虫剂使用年限长、有机溶剂暴露年限长与女性乳腺癌的发生有关,即接触年限越长,患乳腺癌的危险性越高。豆类食品摄入、蔬菜摄入对女性乳腺癌的发生有保护作用,即摄入频率越高,患乳腺癌的危险性降低。结论室内杀虫剂使用年限长、有机溶剂等化学物接触年限长为乳腺癌的危险因素;蔬菜、豆类食品摄入量高为保护因素。 相似文献
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目的采用XGBoost和随机森林法探索中国西部女性乳腺癌危险因素。方法 2014-2015年间采用病例对照研究设计序贯收集病例788例,对照801例。问卷调查研究对象乳腺癌相关危险因素信息;采用飞行时间质谱生物芯片技术检测对象乳腺癌易感基因的SNPs突变,并估计多个基因的联合评分(polygenetic risk score,PRS)。按绝经状态为分层因素,分别用XGBoost和随机森林构建绝经前/后乳腺癌风险预测模型,筛选乳腺癌相关危险因素并进重要性排序。结果两种算法筛选的乳腺癌危险因素清单前10位显示,绝经前/后主要的危险因素包括总哺乳时间、人工节育器累积使用时间、PRS、被动吸烟年限、BMI及体重信息和年龄。两种模型在绝经前后AUC值均大于70%。结论通过两种机器学习法筛选的危险因素较为一致,这些因素将有助于筛选中国西部女性的乳腺癌高危因素,以实现乳腺癌风险分级管理。 相似文献
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目的探讨饮茶与乳腺癌易感性的关联。方法采用以医院为基础的病例对照研究,对中山大学2所附属医院2012年4月至2013年9月间确诊的乳腺癌患者(464例)和同时期同医院就诊的其他非肿瘤患者(464例),调查其社会人口学特征、膳食习惯、月经生育史、疾病及家族史、生活方式和体力活动情况。采用多因素非条件logistic回归模型分析饮茶与乳腺癌易感性的关联。结果464例病例组和464例对照组的平均年龄分别为(46.78±10.36)和(46.58±10.84)岁,其中219例(47.2%)病例和263名(56.7%)对照经常饮茶。Logistic回归模型中调整了年龄、家庭收入、体力活动、被动吸烟、饮用咖啡、一级亲属乳腺癌史、良性乳腺癌病史,结果显示饮茶与乳腺癌存在负相关(OR=0.74,95%CI为0.56—0.97),且随着饮茶频次或饮茶量的增加,女性患乳腺癌的危险性逐渐降低(均P趋势〈0.01)。不同饮茶类型与乳腺癌关系的结果显示,饮乌龙茶与乳腺癌易感性存在负相关(OR=0.62,95%CI为0.42~0.93),并且随着饮乌龙茶量的增加,患乳腺癌危险降低(P趋势〈0.05)。按绝经状态分层分析,仪发现饮茶与绝经后女性乳腺癌易感性存在负相关(OR=0.58,95%CI为0.36—0.94)。结论饮茶对女性乳腺癌具有保护作用,此作用仅限于饮乌龙茶女性和绝经后女性。 相似文献
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Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years. 相似文献
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C L Rümke 《Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde》1985,129(51):2469-2471
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Leon Braier Ashley Levy Klaus Dror Asher Pardo 《American journal of industrial medicine》1981,2(2):119-123
Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood. 相似文献
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Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma. 相似文献
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《Journal of food composition and analysis》2000,13(4):505-510
Results from a study conducted in Italy concerning the updating of composition data of beef consumed in Italy are reported here. The study required a very wide sampling plan with regard to both animals and cuts to analyse. Data related to lipid composition of the most widely used type of beef consumed in Italy (young bull, 16–22 months old) show a reduction in total lipid content (which, according to the cuts, ranges between 1.8 and 10.2%) and a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with a high % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean 20% of total fatty acids). Such data have been confirmed by other studies conducted in Italy, and are in contrast with data reported in the tables of food composition from other countries, reporting a fatty acid composition characterized by a high fatty acid saturation degree. The occurrence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is probably due to the high ratio of phospholipids: triglycerides, occurring when the content in intramuscular lipid is very low; to the young age of animals; to the reduced activity of the rumen, where saturation of fatty acids occurs. It may be concluded that a fatty acid composition, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, seems typical for Italian products. 相似文献
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Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors. 相似文献
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This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965. 相似文献