子宫颈鳞状上皮内病变中BAG-1、MCM2表达及其与p16、HR-HPV的关系

目的检测子宫颈鳞状上皮内病变(squamous intraepithelial lesion, SIL)组织中BAG-1、MCM2及p16蛋白的表达,探讨其与SIL进展程度、p16表达及高危型人乳头瘤病毒(high-risk human papillomavirus, HR-HPV)感染的相关性。方法采用免疫组化EnVision两步法检测36例正常子宫颈/慢性子宫颈炎、77例低度鳞状上皮内病变(low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, LSIL)、69例高度鳞状上皮内病变(high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, HSIL)组织中BAG-1、MCM2及p16蛋白的表达,并用PCR反向点杂交法对所有样本行HPV基因分型检测。结果 BAG-1、MCM2及p16蛋白的阳性率在正常子宫颈/慢性子宫颈炎组分别为5.6%(2/36)、2.8%(1/36)及0(0/36),在LSIL组分别为40.3%(31/77)、50.6%(39/77)及27.3%(21/77),在HSIL组分别为85.5%(59/69)、91.3%(63/69)及88.4%(61/69),HR-HPV感染率在三组中分别为25%(9/36)、63.6%(49/77)及92.8%(64/69),BAG-1、MCM2、p16阳性率及HR-HPV感染率均随SIL病变程度上升而增高(P均0.05)。不管在LSIL组还是HSIL组,BAG-1、MCM2表达与p16表达、HR-HPV感染均呈正相关(P均0.05)。结论 BAG-1及MCM2表达与SIL病变程度、p16表达及HR-HPV感染状态呈正相关,它们可能参与了子宫颈SIL的发生、发展过程。     

子宫颈鳞状上皮内病变中Stathmin表达及其与预后的关系

目的探讨Stathmin在子宫颈鳞状上皮内病变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasi, CIN)组织中的表达,及其与不同级别CIN及复发的关系。方法采用免疫组化EliVision两步法检测30例正常子宫颈组织、150例CIN组织[低级别鳞状上皮内病变(CIN1) 50例,高级别鳞状上皮内病变(CIN2、CIN3)各50例]以及30例子宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中Stathmin蛋白的表达,分析其表达与CIN的分级及复发之间的关系。结果 CIN3中Stathmin蛋白的表达显著高于CIN1及CIN2,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),但CIN1与CIN2之间差异无统计学意义。且Stathmin表达与上皮内病变复发呈正相关(r_s=0.563,P0.05)。结论 Stathmin在CIN3中的高表达可作为诊断的辅助指标,且对CIN的复发有一定的预后价值。     

子宫颈上皮内瘤变及子宫颈鳞癌中KGF、p16表达及意义

子宫颈鳞癌足常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一,发病率在女性恶性肿瘤中居第二位。随着子宫颈上支从单纯增生→不典型增生→原位癌→浸润癌的进展,癌变的危险依次升高。而上皮细胞的不典型增生,被认为是子宫颁鳞癌的癌前病变,是组织从正常细胞发展到癌细胞的关键阶段。子宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical in-traepithelial neoplasia C1N）分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级,简称为CINI（轻度不典增生）、CINⅡ（中度不典增生）平和CINⅢ（包括重度小典增生和子宫颈原位痛）,又称为低级别上皮内瘤变（CINⅠ）和高级别上皮内瘤变（包括CINⅡ和CINⅢ）。     

子宫颈病变中HPV L1蛋白和p16的表达

目的 研究HPV L1蛋白和p16在子宫颈各种病变中的表达情况,探讨它们在子宫颈病变进展中的预测价值.方法 应用免疫组化方法检测41例各种子宫颈病变(CIN1级18例、CIN2级9例、CIN3级8例和浸润性鳞状细胞癌6例)中HPV L1蛋白和p16的表达.结果 HPV L1蛋白在各种子宫颈病变中的阳性率为26.8%.其中HPV L1在CIN1中的阳性表达率为38.9%,CIN2为44.4%,CIN3和浸润性鳞状细胞癌均无表达.p16在各种子宫颈病变中的阳性率为68.3%,其在CIN1中的阳性表达率为38.9%,CIN2为77.8%,CIN3和浸润性鳞状细胞癌均表达阳性.100%CIN3和浸润性鳞状细胞癌为p16+/HPV L1-,而61.1% CIN1中为p16-/HPV L1+或p16-/HPV L1-.结论 随着子宫颈病变的进展,HPV L1阳性表达率降低而p16阳性表达率增高.p16+/HPV L1-提示子宫颈鳞状上皮内瘤变有进展的可能,而p16-/HPV L1+和p16-/HPV L1-可能为无进展的或潜在消退的子宫颈病变.     

结直肠癌中Keap1、Nrf2、Gpx4表达与铁死亡的相关性分析及临床意义

目的 探讨结直肠癌中Keap1、Nrf2、Gpx4的表达与铁死亡相关因子PLOOH、MDA、GSH及组织铁含量的相关性及临床意义。方法 收集106例结直肠癌、正常肠黏膜组织,采用免疫组化EnVision法、Western blot、qRT-PCR检测两者中Keap1、Nrf2及Gpx4的表达;应用分光光度法检测PLOOH、组织铁、MDA、GSH的含量,分析其相关性及临床意义。结果 结直肠癌组织中Keap1、Nrf2和Gpx4的阳性率分别为60.5%、35.8%、39.6%,其蛋白相对表达量分别为0.78±0.14、0.70±0.13、0.63±0.10,其mRNA水平分别为0.80±0.018、0.68±0.019、0.52±0.016,各因子在肿瘤中的表达均高于正常肠黏膜组织(P<0.05)。线性回归的对数趋势线分析显示结直肠癌组织中Keap1与Nrf2的表达呈负相关(R²=0.188 1,P<0.05),Nrf2与Gpx4的表达呈正相关(R²=0.252 7,P<0.05)。结直肠癌组织中PLOOH、MDA、GSH及组织...     

苹果多酚通过调控Keap1/Nrf2通路减轻脂多糖诱导的大鼠急性肺损伤

目的：探讨苹果多酚(AP)调控Kelch样环氧氯丙烷相关蛋白1(Keap1)/核转录因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)通路对脂多糖(LPS)诱导大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)的影响。方法：按照随机数字表法将SD大鼠分为对照(control)组、模型(model)组、低剂量(25 mg/kg)AP组(AP-L组)、高剂量(100 mg/kg)AP组(AP-H组)、地塞米松(DEX)组和AP-H+ML385(Nrf2抑制剂)组,每组12只。各组大鼠根据分组给药,每天腹腔注射给药1次,持续给药14天,control组、model组大鼠腹腔注射等量的生理盐水。末次给药1 h后,除control组外,其它组大鼠均向气管内注射LPS以构建ALI模型,control组大鼠的气管内注射等体积的生理盐水,造模24 h后,收集大鼠肺泡灌洗液、血清及双侧肺组织用于实验。检测肺泡灌洗液中细胞总数、中性粒细胞数;ELISA法检测大鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平;HE染色观察大鼠肺组织病理损伤情况;检测大鼠肺组织湿重/干重比;试剂盒检测大鼠肺组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化...     

子宫颈上皮内瘤变和子宫颈鳞癌中Twist基因蛋白及Skp2表达

目的 研究Twist和Skp2在子宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)及子宫颈鳞癌(squamous cell carcinoma,SCC)中的表达及其在癌变中的作用.方法 SP法检测Twist和Skp2在CIN和SCC中的表达,并与正常子宫颈鳞状上皮组对照.结果 正常组、CIN 1级组、CIN 2级组、CIN 3级组及SCC组的Twist和Skp2表达阳性率分别为:0、10%、42.3%、48.3%、52.5%,23.1%、46.5%、73.1%、93.1%和92.5%.Twist和Skp2在正常组与CIN组及SCC组间表达差异有显著性(P<0.005).CIN 1级组与CIN 2级组间表达差异有显著性(P<0.005).结论 Twist和Skp2随着CIN从轻到重至SCC,表达逐渐增强,表明两者在SCC癌变过程中起到协同性作用,共同参与CIN的进展及SCC癌变机制.检测到Twist和Skp2表达增强有助于SCC发生的判断及CIN 1级与CIN 2级分级的临床病理诊断.     

MCM4、p53在子宫颈上皮内瘤变和子宫颈癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨MCM4和p53在子宫颈上皮内瘤变和子宫颈癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组化EliVision两步法检测48例子宫颈癌、15例CIN1、27例CIN2～3及15例正常子宫颈黏膜上皮组织中MCM4和p53蛋白的表达,并结合临床资料进行分析。结果 MCM4、p53在正常子宫颈黏膜上皮、CIN1级、CIN2～3级与子宫颈鳞癌中表达阳性率分别为6.67%、20.00%、55.56%、83.33%和0、6.67%、18.52%、41.67%,差异均有显著性(P0.05)。MCM4的表达与子宫颈鳞癌的病理学分级和临床分期有关(P0.05),与年龄分组和淋巴结转移无关(P0.05)。p53的表达与子宫颈鳞癌的病理学分级、临床分期、年龄分组和淋巴结转移均无相关(P0.05)。MCM4和p53表达无相关(P0.05)。结论 MCM4可以作为细胞增殖标志,用于子宫颈癌及其癌前病变的鉴别和诊断,并可评估肿瘤预后,指导临床治疗。     

E-Cadherin在子宫颈上皮内瘤变及子宫颈鳞癌中的表达

目的：了解E-Cadherin在子宫颈上皮内瘤变及子宫颈鳞癌的表达及其临床意义。方法：采用S-P免疫组化方法对20例慢性子宫颈炎，40例子宫颈上皮内瘤变及71例浸润性子宫颈鳞癌进行E-Cadherin检测。结果：慢性子宫颈炎、CIN I、CINⅡ、CINⅢ、浸润性子宫颈鳞癌、癌旁组织E-Cadherin的异常表达率分别为40.0%、23.1%、16.7%、60.0%、95.8%及53.8%。子宫颈鳞癌E-Cadherin的异常表达率明显高于子宫颈上皮内瘤变及癌旁组织。结论：CINⅢ、浸润型子宫颈鳞癌E-Cadherin表达下调或缺失。     

子宫颈腺癌中COX-2与p27kip1、MMP-2蛋白表达的关系

目的探讨子宫颈腺癌组织中环氧化酶-2(COX-2)与细胞周期调控因子p27kip1、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)的表达关系.方法采用组织微阵列技术结合免疫组化S-P法检测106例子宫颈腺癌组织和22例慢性子宫颈炎组织中COX-2与p27kip1、MMP-2的表达.结果106例子宫颈腺癌组织COX-2和MMP-2的阳性表达率分别为86.8%和70.8%,均高于慢性子宫颈炎组织(P＜0.01);p27kip1阳性表达率为58.5%,低于慢性子宫颈炎组织81.8%(P＜0.05).COX-2和MMP-2在子宫颈腺癌的病理分级中,G3组阳性表达率均明显高于G1组(P＜0.05).MMP-2和p27 kip1表达与子宫颈腺癌组织学类型有关,透明细胞腺癌MMP-2阳性表达率高于子宫颈内膜腺癌和子宫内膜样腺癌(P＜0.05),p27kip1阳性表达率低于子宫颈内膜腺癌和子宫内膜样腺癌(P＜0.05).COX-2阳性表达强度与MMP-2的阳性表达强度呈正相关(P＜0.01).COX-2阳性表达强度与p27kiP1的阳性表达强度呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论COX-2与p27kip1、MMP-2在子宫颈腺癌组织中的表达密切相关,p27kip1低表达与COX-2、MMP-2增强表达在子宫颈腺癌的发生发展中起重要作用,三者可能作为子宫颈腺癌恶性化的分子标志.     

UHRF1 regulation of the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway in pancreatic cancer contributes to oncogenesis

The cellular defence protein Nrf2 is a mediator of oncogenesis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and other cancers. However, the control of Nrf2 expression and activity in cancer is not fully understood. We previously reported the absence of Keap1, a pivotal regulator of Nrf2, in ～70% of PDAC cases. Here we describe a novel mechanism whereby the epigenetic regulator UHRF1 suppresses Keap1 protein levels. UHRF1 expression was observed in 20% (5 of 25) of benign pancreatic ducts compared to 86% (114 of 132) of pancreatic tumours, and an inverse relationship between UHRF1 and Keap1 levels in PDAC tumours (n = 124) was apparent (p = 0.002). We also provide evidence that UHRF1‐mediated regulation of the Nrf2 pathway contributes to the aggressive behaviour of PDAC. Depletion of UHRF1 from PDAC cells decreased growth and enhanced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. UHRF1 depletion also led to reduced levels of Nrf2‐regulated downstream proteins and was accompanied by heightened oxidative stress, in the form of lower glutathione levels and increased reactive oxygen species. Concomitant depletion of Keap1 and UHRF1 restored Nrf2 levels and reversed cell cycle arrest and the increase in reactive oxygen species. Mechanistically, depletion of UHRF1 reduced global and tumour suppressor promoter methylation in pancreatic cancer cell lines, and KEAP1 gene promoter methylation was reduced in one of three cell lines examined. Thus, methylation of the KEAP1 gene promoter may contribute to the suppression of Keap1 protein levels by UHRF1, although our data suggest that additional mechanisms need to be explored. Finally, we demonstrate that K‐Ras drives UHRF1 expression, establishing a novel link between this oncogene and Nrf2‐mediated cellular protection. Since UHRF1 over‐expression occurs in other cancers, its ability to regulate the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway may be critically important to the malignant behaviour of these cancers. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.     

Prognostic and predictive values of Nrf2, Keap1, p16 and E-cadherin expression in ovarian epithelial carcinoma

Objectives: Despite considerable interest in the Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1), p16 and epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) activation in carcinoma progression, contradictory results regarding association of Nrf2/Keap1/E-cadherin and p16 expression with clinico-pathological features and prognosis have been reported. The predictive value of these markers in ovarian carcinoma is unknown. Methods/Materials: In this retrospective study, 108 cases were evaluated immunohistochemically with antibodies to Nrf2, Keap1, estrogen receptor (ER), p16 and E-cadherin. The results were compared with histological and clinical data, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: A cohort of 108 ovarian carcinomas (47 serous, 23 mucinous, 13 endometrioid and 25 clear cell), including 68 FIGO stage I-II cases and 40 FIGO stage III-IV cases was studied. The age of patients (P=0.005), FIGO stage (P<0.001), immunohistochemical expression of Keap1 (P<0.000), E-cadherin (P=0.045), p53 (P=0.003), p16 (P<0.001) and ER (P=0.004) were significant factors between different histological subtypes. Patients with serous carcinoma were older in age, presented with more advanced stage disease, worst prognosis, highest Keap1 expression and least percentage of E-cadherin immunoreactivity. In univariate analysis, FIGO staging (P=0.000 for DFS; P=0.000 for OS), Nrf2 (P=0.010 for DFS; P=0.001 for OS), and p16 (P=0.004 for DFS; P=0.019 for OS) were associated with worse prognosis. After multivariate analysis, FIGO staging and Nrf2 remained significance prognostic factors. Conclusions: There were differences in the expression of Nrf2, Keap1, p16 and E-cadherin between different ovarian carcinoma subtypes. In multivariate analysis, FIGO stage and Nrf2 expression were associated with poorer DFS and OS.     

子宫颈癌中IQGAP1的表达及其意义

目的探讨子宫颈癌组织和癌旁组织中IQ结构域GTP酶激活蛋白1(IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1,IQGAP1)的表达及其意义。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测48例子宫颈癌组织和23例癌旁组织中IQGAP1的表达,并分析IQGAP1表达与子宫颈癌临床病理特征的关系。结果 IQGAP1在子宫颈癌中的阳性率为77.1%(37/48),明显高于癌旁组织(30.4%,7/23),两组相比差异有统计学意义(χ~2=14.285,P0.01)。IQGAP1表达与子宫颈癌组织分化程度(χ~2=3.102,P0.05)、临床分期(χ~2=7.111,P0.05)和淋巴结转移(χ~2=6.553,P0.05)相关;与患者年龄(χ~2=0.112,P0.05)无关。结论子宫颈癌组织中IQGAP1蛋白阳性率明显高于癌旁组织,且与肿瘤分化程度、临床分期及有无淋巴结转移密切相关,有望成为子宫颈癌生物学行为的有效指标之一。     

基于Nrf2通路探讨阿里红三萜酸减轻脂多糖诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤的作用

目的:探讨阿里红总三萜酸(Fomes officinalis Ames triterpenic acid,FOTa)对脂多糖(lipopolysac?charide,LPS)诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)的预防作用及核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor E2-relat...