珠心算练习对小学生基本认知能力的影响

目的 观察珠心算练习对小学生基本认知能力的影响,为珠心算训练开发儿童潜能提供理论依据.方法 采用瑞文标准推理测验和基本认知能力测验方法 对40名珠心算练习儿童和40名未练习儿童被试进行个别测验.结果 练习组在智商、智力百分等级、类同比较[(109.75±14.20)分,(0.6560±0.2069)分,(9.80±1.89)分]等项目上明显高于未练习组[(98.52±17.60)分,(0.4879±0.2532)分,(8.48±2.21)分],差异有显著性(P＜0.01),并存在性别差异;练习组心算效率(0.67±0.21)分非常显著(P＜0.001)的高于未练习组(0.47±0.17)分、工作记忆广度(6.25±2.01)分和无意义图形再认(13.50±4.30)分与未练习组差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 珠心算练习确实能够促进儿童工作记忆、计算能力、图形辨别能力等多种能力的发展,特别是与工作记忆之间存在着密切的关系;珠心算练习的学生对数字的记忆和识别能力迁移到对图形的记忆和识别能力上,练习珠心算形成的能力具有迁移性.     

学习困难儿童智力及记忆力特征分析

目的探讨学习困难儿童的智力、记忆力特征。方法学习困难(LD)根据ICD-10五条诊断标准,精神发育迟滞(MR)根据国际疾病分类第10版(ICD-10)诊断标准,分为实验组LD组;对照组a.正常组,b.弱智组。采用中国韦氏儿童智力量表进行智力测验,记忆力测验采用中国科学研究院编制的临床记忆量表。结果LD组与正常对照组在语言智商、操作智商、总智商[(86.23±10.65)分,(87.44±12.59)分,(84.09±13.96)分vs(102.27±10.21)分,(103.22±11.65)分,(103.28±9.88)分]及分测验值差异均有显著性(P<0.01);LD组儿童VIQ与PIQ相距一个标准差以上的比率明显高于对照组(2=9.29,P<0.01),也较MR对照组多(2=4.29,P<0.05)。LD组记忆商(MQ)明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01)。结论LD儿童智商、记忆商水平低于正常儿童,且存在明显智力结构发展不平衡。     

伴和不伴攻击行为精神分裂症患者认知功能的对照研究

目的比较伴和不伴攻击行为精神分裂症患者认知功能的差异。方法根据修改版外显行为攻击量表的评分将精神分裂症患者分为研究组(伴攻击行为组)和对照组(不伴攻击行为组),用韦氏成人智力量表、逻辑记忆测验、Benton线方向判断测验、威斯康星卡片分类测验评估其认知功能。结果研究组在逻辑记忆[(9.45±3.67)分vs(12.58±4.71)分]、Benton线方向判断测验[(19.78±5.21)分vs(25.21±4.37)分]、威斯康星卡片分类测验的总应答数[(119.53±5.65)次vs(105.68±5.79)次]、准确应答数、持续错误数[(42.23±20.29)次vs(25.15±21.48)次]、完成分类数均与对照组差异有显著性,但两组在总智商[(92.46±15.35)vs(94.12±14.68)]方面差异无显著性。结论伴有攻击行为的精神分裂症患者较不伴攻击行为的精神分裂症患者认知功能受损更严重。     

学龄前功能性构音障碍儿童工作记忆研究

目的 探讨学龄前功能性构音障碍儿童的工作记忆能力.方法 选择符合功能性构音障碍诊断标准的53例4～6岁儿童作为病例组,选择无语言和言语障碍、智力正常的同年龄组儿童50例为对照组.采用数字广度测验及关联词组法对2组儿童分别进行工作记忆测试.结果 功能性构音障碍组数字顺背得分[(5.58±1.49)分]及数字倒背得分[(1.87±1.24)分]均低于对照组儿童[(6.30±1.15)分,(2.82±0.77)分,P＜0.05];功能性构音障碍组言语记忆测验中有关联词得分[(4.17±2.06)分]及无关联词得分[(1.11±1.09)分]均显著低于正常对照组[(5.90±1.26)分,(3.28 ±1.21)分],P＜0.05.结论 功能性构音障碍儿童工作记忆能力明显落后于正常儿童,工作记忆能力落后可能是功能性构音障碍儿童入学后出现阅读障碍的原因之一.     

阿立派唑对精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响

目的探讨新型抗精神病药阿立派唑对精神分裂症患者认知功能的疗效。方法对40例住院精神分裂症患者治疗前后进行威斯康星卡片分类试验、持续操作试验、倒行掩敝试验、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)测验,并与45例正常人对照。结果治疗组在治疗前后威斯康星总测验次数[(82.5±15.1)次,(70.3±10.2)次]、持续错误数[(31.1±10.2)次,(22.3±5.90)次]、随机错误数[(27.4±11.0)次,(23.4±7.60)次],持续操作预警错误数[(5.48±2.79)次,(3.65±2.98)次],倒行掩敝总对数[(33.13±6.09)次,(37.4±4.14)次]均差异有显著性(P<0.05);但治疗组上述指标在疗前、治疗8周时与正常对照组相比,治疗后持续操作的预警错误数减少到与正常组[(3.50±3.09)次]无差异(P>0.05),其他指标仍有差异(P<0.05)。治疗前WCST总测验数、持续错误数、随机错误数与PANSS总分成正相关;随机错误数与一般精神病成正相关(r=0.326),持续操作测验的预警错误数与之成负相关(r=-0.384)。结论阿立派唑对精神分裂症患者的认知障碍具有一定的改善作用。     

创伤后应激障碍与海洛因依赖患者认知功能的比较

目的研究创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)与海洛因依赖(HD)患者认知功能损害的特点。方法采用YWG神经心理训练系统、威斯康星卡片分类测验评估认知功能。结果PTSD、HD、正常组单侧脑功能反应时[(849．12±325．24)ms,(821．53±263．42)ms,(497．36±198．26)ms]、汉字记忆反应时[(4521．57±1676．63)ms,(3955．43±1485．46)ms,(533．29±148．33)ms]、空间记忆位置错数[(1．47±0．76)次,(1．38±0．82)次,(0．82±0．39)次]完成测查的总应答数[(124．53±8．15)次,(121．65±9．68)次,(106．81±21．87)次]、正确应答数[(58．66±13．29)次,(54．55±19．52)次,(75．57±21．07)次]、完成分类数[(2．89±2．11)次,(2．99±1．96)次,(4．10±1．21)次],PTSD组与HD组比较,差异无显著性(P＞0．05),与正常对照组差异有显著性(P＜0．05,P＜0．01)。结论创伤后应激障碍与海洛因依赖患者都存在广泛的认知功能损害,两者认知功能损害可能存在共同的大脑及心理学损害机制。     

低出生体质量儿童认知能力和行为发育的研究

目的探讨低出生体质量对儿童认知能力和行为发育的影响。方法采用Bayley婴幼儿发育量表(BSID)、2~3岁Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)和自编家庭一般环境问卷对50名2~3岁低出生体质量(LBW)儿童和380名正常出生体质量(NBW)儿童进行发育智商评定和行为问题调查。结果LBW组的智力发育指数(MDI)和运动发育指数(PDI)分别为(97.4±20.2)和(99.8±16.3),显著低于NBW组(P<0.01,0.05),LBW组MDI<85分者的比例为20%,显著高于NBW组的2%(P<0.01)。②LBW组行为问题发生率为24%,NBW组为14.21%,LBW组社交退缩的发生率为8%高于NBW组儿童,差异有显著性(P=0.02,),而NBW组儿童的睡眠障碍分[(2.74±2.50)分]高于LBW组[(2.10±1.85)分],差异有显著性(P=0.031)。结论2~3岁LBW儿童的认知水平低于NBW儿童,易发生行为异常。     

珠心算对儿童工作记忆影响的fMRI研究

目的 研究珠心算练习对儿童数字加工过程中工作记忆及其相关脑功能区的影响.方法 分别对7名接受过3年珠心算训练儿童和7名对照儿童(未接受珠算和珠心算训练)行fMRI成像检查,获取相关脑区激活图,同时采集行为数据进行统计分析.结果 珠心算训练组儿童与对照组儿童在工作记忆广度、心算效率、无意义图形再认等方面的差异有统计学意义...     

家庭功能、父母监控及自我控制对青少年犯罪的影响

目的了解家庭功能、父母监控及自我控制对青少年犯罪的影响。方法以137名少年管教所未成年犯罪人和140名普通中学生为样本,采用自我控制量表、家庭功能评价量表及父母监控问卷进行施测。结果犯罪少年与普通少年在家庭适应性[(3.09±0.71)分,(3.3±70.58)分]、家庭沟通[(3.29±0.93)分,(3.57±0.81)分]、父母关注[(4.28±0.82)分,(3.82±0.86)分]、父母监控[(2.30±0.88)分,(3.44±0.66)分]冲动冒险性[(3.47±1.01)分,(2.74±0.76)分]、自我情绪性[(3.22±0.91)分,(2.70±0.65)分]等方面差异有显著性(P<0.01);家庭沟通(OR=0.510,P<0.01)、家庭矛盾(OR=2.121,P<0.01)、父母关注(OR=4.741,P<0.01)、父母监控(OR=0.413,P<0.01)以及冲动冒险(OR=2.046,P<0.01)、自我情绪性(OR=1.632,P<0.01)等维度对青少年犯罪具有影响作用。结论家庭功能、父母监控、自我控制对青少年犯罪有显著预测作用。     

数学学习障碍儿童父母心理健康状况自尊水平及应付方式的研究

目的了解数学学习障碍(MLD)儿童父母的心理健康状况、自尊水平及应付方式。方法应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、自尊量表、应付方式问卷,对60例数学学习障碍儿童父母及60例学习正常儿童父母进行调查。结果MLD儿童父母SCL-90总分、阳性项目、躯体化、抑郁、焦虑及恐怖因子分[(142.67±42.56)分,(31.68±16.28)分,(1.84±0.63)分,(1.75±0.68)分,(1.55±0.69)分],均高于正常儿童父母,两者差异有显著性(P<0.05或<0.01)。2组自尊量表评分分别为,MLD儿童父母(15.68±2.36)分,正常儿童父母(21.54±3.85)分,两者差异有显著性(P<0.05)。应付方式问卷评分显示MLD儿童父母在问题、求助、合理化的因子得分显著高于正常儿童父母,而在自责、幻想、退避的因子得分显著低于对照组,2组差异有显著性(P<0.05或<0.01)。相关分析显示,MLD儿童父母解决问题应对方式与抑郁、精神病性因子程显著负相关(P<0.05或<0.01);求助与躯体化显著负相关;自责、幻想、退避、合理化与各因子显著正相关(P<0.05或<0.01)。结论数学学习障碍儿童父母心理健康状况、自尊水平较差,应引起重视。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.