肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的临床特点(附4例报告)

肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤为一罕见的肝脏良性间质性肿瘤.此病术前与肝脏恶性肿瘤难以鉴别,往往由于诊断和治疗的需要而进行手术切除.我院自1988年2月至1997年7月间共收治4例,现作一报道. 1.临床资料:(1)一般情况:本组4例,男性1例,女性3例.年龄25～45岁.平素身体健康,均在查体时B超发现肝脏占位性病变而住院进一步检查治疗.(2)术前检查及诊断:4例HBsAg均阴性,肝功能检查正常,AFP＜20 μg(放免法),B超、CT、MRI均有阳性发现,提示肝细胞肝癌3例,错构瘤1例.(3)手术情况:全部病人在全麻下行开腹手术,肝脏无硬变.肿瘤部位:Ⅳ段1例,Ⅵ段1例,Ⅵ～Ⅶ段2例.肿瘤大小:直径分别为3 cm,2.5 cm,4 cm,5.5 cm.肿瘤形态:圆形1例,类圆形3例,规整,微突出肝表面,微黄色,质地中等3例,1例质地较硬,表面光滑.切除情况:沿肿瘤边缘2 cm行不规则肝叶切除术.(4)术后情况:术后恢复顺利,无并发症.病理结果:4例报告均为血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,未见造血组织,其中1例有假包膜.随访2～10年,4例病人均健在,无复发及再发肝肿瘤情况.     

肝脏良恶性肿瘤行腹腔镜解剖性肝左外叶切除术的初步经验

目的 初步总结肝脏良恶性肿瘤行腹腔镜解剖性肝左外叶切除的安全性及疗效.方法 2005年4月至2008年5月共对11例肝脏良恶性肿瘤患者行腹腔镜下解剖性肝左外叶切除术(男性7例、女性4例,平均年龄51.7岁).其中原发性肝癌4例,伴不周程度肝硬化;结肠癌术后转移性肝癌1例;肝血管瘤5例(2例合并胆囊结石同时切除胆囊);巨大肝血平滑肌脂肪瘤1例.肿瘤最大径2.1～12.0 com,平均5.8cm,所有肿瘤均位于肝左外叶(Ⅱ、Ⅲ段).结果 手术时间为120～180 min,平均147 min.无中转开腹手术病例,无输血,无手术并发症.术后平均住院5.9 d.结论 对于位于Ⅱ、Ⅲ段的肝脏肿瘤施行腹腔镜下肝左外叶切除术是安全的.     

肝脏微小占位病变的手术定位与切除

目的 探讨肝脏2cm以下实质性微小占位的手术定位及切除。方法 1986－2000年经影像学检查发现、病理确诊的直径≤2cm肝脏实质性小占位病变27例，共34个病灶。结果 术中看见肿瘤侵犯肝包膜6个病灶；术中可扪及13个病灶；均行肝局部切除术。未触及15个病灶分别根据术前影像学定位下行肿瘤局部切除4个，肝段或半肝切除5个；术中B超定位下切除4个；手术原疤痕定位肿瘤局部切除2个。结论 熟悉肝脏的解剖及多种影像学检查是肿瘤定位的基础。术中的全肝扪诊，可避免病灶的遗漏；对不能触及的小病灶，可根据术前影像学定位下切除或行术中B超检查或肝包膜切开探查，切除病灶。     

再次肝切除术的适应证及外科技术

再次肝切除术是指肝肿瘤行手术切除治疗后,肿瘤复发需再次行肝切除治疗的手术.良性肝肿瘤手术切除治疗后肿瘤复发者并不多见,现重点讨论原发性肝脏恶性肿瘤行肝切除术后肿瘤复发需再次行肝切除治疗的问题,尤其是再次肝切除术治疗复发性肝细胞癌的问题.     

258例腹腔镜肝肿瘤切除术的临床疗效

目的探讨腹腔镜肝肿瘤切除术的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年3月至2013年1月福建医科大学附属第一医院收治的258例行腹腔镜肝肿瘤切除术患者的临床资料,包括原发性肝癌196例、肝血管瘤45例、肝脏局灶结节性增生13例、肝转移癌2例、胆囊癌1例、肝脏错构瘤1例。所有患者采用电话和门诊随访,随访时间截至2013年3月。结果258例患者中行单个肝段肿瘤切除者142例、跨肝段肿瘤切除者98例、多发肿瘤切除者18例。51例患者行肝肿瘤合并胆囊切除。258例患者均成功在完全腹腔镜下切除肿瘤,无中转开腹。切除肿瘤直径（5±3）cm（1．0—11．5cm）,手术时间为（113±56）min（50～310min）。122例患者术中行肝门阻断,总阻断时间为（15±7）min。患者术中出血量为（211±195）mL（10—650mL）,术中均未输血。切除肿瘤包膜完整,恶性肿瘤的边界距肿瘤切缘均〉1．5cm,术后病理检查证实切缘均为阴性。术后1周患者肝功能恢复至接近正常水平,无肝衰竭发生。术后住院时间为（7．2±1．3）d（5～10d）。1例患者术后出现胆汁漏,6例出现轻度腹腔积液,其余患者均未出现术后并发症。患者随访率为91．47％（236／258）,随访时间为（16±10）个月。199例恶性肿瘤患者均获随访,其中180例无瘤生存;18例术后肿瘤复发;1例于术后6个月出现大网膜种植性转移,行手术切除。获得随访的37例良性肝肿瘤患者均健康生存。结论腹腔镜肝切除术治疗各种肝脏肿瘤安全有效。在腹腔镜下短时间分次行肝门阻断,可提高手术安全性,不会明显延长恢复时间。     

Experience in diagnosis and treatment of primary splenic neoplasm :a report of 52 cases

目的 探讨原发性脾脏肿瘤的临床诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析本院1977年8月-2010年11月收治的52例原发性脾脏肿瘤患者的临床资料,其中良性肿瘤29例,恶性肿瘤23例.良性肿瘤患者中25例行脾切除术,1例动脉瘤行脾脏栓塞术,3例拒绝手术.恶性肿瘤中8例行单纯脾切除术,8例行脾脏切除加胰腺体尾部切除,3例原发性恶性淋巴瘤,1例平滑肌肉瘤及1例淋巴肉瘤的患者剖腹探查因腹腔广泛转移仅行病理活检,2例拒绝手术.所有病例无手术并发症.结果 脾脏良性肿瘤预后良好,随访的18例恶性肿瘤中术后生存2年以上7例,均为早期治疗的患者,存活1-2年的6例,不到1年的4例,1例患者术后第7天死亡.结论 脾脏肿瘤的诊断主要依靠临床表现及影像学检查,B超为首选检查.脾脏良性肿瘤行手术切除是有效的治疗方法.早期诊断、根治手术和术后综合治疗是改善脾脏恶性肿瘤预后的重要手段.     

腹腔镜解剖性左半肝切除治疗肝肿瘤

目的 探讨腹腔镜解剖性左半肝切除术在治疗肝脏肿瘤中的价值.方法 回顾性分析2006年3月至2012年1月21例因肝脏肿瘤而行腹腔镜解剖性左半肝切除术患者的临床资料.观察指标包括手术时间、术中失血量、术后并发症等.断肝方式为超声刀+ LigaSure联合分离法,结合腔镜下切割缝合器.结果 术后病理证实原发性肝癌13例,肝血管瘤8例.平均手术耗时335(220～425) min,术中出血量约650(180 ～1 220) ml.4例术后发生胆漏,经充分引流1～4周治愈.术后平均住院时间为8.2(5 ～12)d.肝脏恶性肿瘤患者术后随访31(13 ～72)个月,肿瘤复发5例,其中4例因肿瘤复发转移死亡.结论 腹腔镜下解剖性左半肝切除术是一种安全、有效、微创的手术.其不但适用于良性肿瘤,也适用于恶性肿瘤,能达到根治要求.     

小儿肝肿瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨儿童肝肿瘤的临床诊断与治疗。方法 本组肝肿瘤患儿共23例，21例行手术切除。结果 术后病理：良性肿瘤10例，恶性肿瘤11例。随访0．5～3年，死亡2例。1例肝母细胞瘤死于肿瘤复发，腹腔淋巴结广泛转移、肺转移；另1例肝血管内皮肉瘤行肝移植术，术后1年肿瘤复发，再次行肿瘤切除术，术后1．5年复发，死亡。其余均存活。良性肿瘤术后3年生存率100％（10／10），生长发育良好；恶性肿瘤1年生存率100％，3年82％（9／11）。结论 儿童肝肿瘤多为先天性。恶性肿瘤体积大、生长快，需手术与化疗结合治疗，可以改善预后；良性肿瘤可完整切除，术后效果满意。     

完全腹腔镜下肝部分切除治疗体会

目的探讨腹腔镜肝部分切除术的适应证、可行性及手术操作技术。方法回顾分析2009年7月至2009年12月在我院行腹腔镜部分肝切除9例患者的临床资料。其中原发性肝细胞肝癌5例,直肠癌肝转移瘤1例,肝海绵状血管瘤1例,肝内胆管结石2例,肝功能Child-Pugh评分均在B级以上。位于左半肝实质中的肿瘤及左半肝肝内胆管结石,行规则性左半肝切除;位于肝脏边缘或右肝表面的肿瘤,行肝脏局部切除。结果 8例成功完成腹腔镜肝切除术,其中局部切除术1例,左肝外叶切除术5例,左半肝切除术2例。1例因术中出血较多(800ml)而中转开腹手术。平均手术时间(173±52)min,术中平均出血(402±91)ml,切除病灶最大直径8cm。全部患者肿瘤均完整切除,肿瘤包膜完整。术后未发生明显胆漏和出血等并发症,患者恢复良好,术后平均住院(8.3±3.2)d。结论位于肝脏边缘、右肝表面或左半肝的肝脏占位或肝内胆管结石,在充分掌握适应证及相应的手术操作技巧的基础上,行腹腔镜肝切除术是安全可行的。     

原发性肾窦肿瘤三例报告

目的 总结原发性肾窦肿瘤的临床特点及治疗方法.方法 原发性肾窦肿瘤患者3例.女2例,男1例.平均年龄40(33～55)岁.临床表现为腰痛伴血尿1例,单纯腰部疼痛2例.肿瘤位于右侧2例,左侧1例.直径平均5.5(3.5～8.5)cm.3例均经行手术治疗. 结果行右肾窦肿瘤探查术1例,术中病理提示良性肿瘤,单纯切除肿瘤,病理报告为血管平滑肌瘤,随访3年未见复发.1例术中因肿瘤出血及肾盂破坏严重,行右肾切除,病理报告为血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,随访10个月未见复发.1例因肿瘤包绕肾动静脉,局部严重黏连,行左肾切除术,病理报告为脂肪瘤,随访4年未见肿瘤复发.结论 原发性肾窦肿瘤临床罕见,多为良性,易误诊为肾盂肿瘤,CT、MRI、IVU检查有助于鉴别;良性肿瘤直径<4 cm且无症状者可密切随访,有症状或直径>4 cm者可行肿瘤切除;肿瘤累及肾蒂并严重破坏肾盂者可行单纯肾切除;恶性肿瘤应行根治性肾切除.     

Primary hepatic lymphoma of MALT-type: a tumor that can simulate a liver metastasis

Primary hepatic lymphomas are rare tumors. We report a case of a 72 year-old woman with a past history of colonic adenocarcinoma who presented primary hepatic lymphoma of MALT-type. The patient had been operated on 3 years before for colonic adenocarcinoma, pT3N0, revealed by a bowel obstructive syndrome. She had been treated by chemotherapy for 6 months. During the follow-up, the computed tomography-scan (CT-scan) revealed the presence of a not well-demarcated mass in segment III of the liver, measuring 4 cm in diameter. The tumor was hypodense and was not enhanced on dynamic study. The mass was already present on the initial CT-scan. Left lobectomy was performed with the diagnosis of liver metastasis of the colonic adenocarcinoma. Surgical specimen showed a tumor composed of a dense infiltrate of small lymphocytes positive for B-cell markers on immunohistochemistry. The tumor contained reactive lymphoid follicles and there were numerous lympho-epithelial biliary lesions. The patient is alive and free of disease 2 years after the diagnosis. Primary hepatic lymphoma of MALT-type is a low-grade B cell lymphoma. Twenty-five cases had been reported in the literature so far. The patients were 16 females and 9 males, mean age 63.5 years. The pathogenesis is still unclear but half of the patients had a past history of chronic inflammatory liver disease (hepatitis B or C virus infection, ascaris infection, primary biliary cirrhosis) or malignant neoplasm. This tumor has a good prognosis; it is usually limited to the liver and surgical resection cures the patient in most cases.     

Primary malignant B-cell-type dural lymphoma: Case report

BACKGROUND: The primary malignant dural lymphoma of B-cell type is rare. Our review of the literature (24 cases) indicated that patients with this tumor had female predominance, immunocompetency, and longer survival compared with those with primary malignant intracerebral lymphomas. Based on its clinicopathological features, this dural lymphoma may be classified differently from other types of malignant lymphomas in the central nervous system. CASE DESCRIPTION: The authors report an example of a patient who had a favorable course of malignant dural lymphoma. A 59-year-old woman presented with primary malignant dural lymphoma in the frontal area. Histological diagnosis was a diffuse large B-cell-type lymphoma of intermediate malignancy, but MIB-1 index was extremely high. Subtotal tumor removal was followed by 4 courses of chemotherapy. Thirty months after surgery, the patient is asymptomatic with no MRI evidence of recurrence. A combination of subtotal resection and chemotherapy for a primary malignant dural lymphoma is an effective means to attempt cure of this tumor. CONCLUSION: These rare tumors may be managed successfully by subtotal resection and postoperative treatment. We believe that chemotherapy is the treatment of choice after subtotal resection of malignant dural lymphomas, as experienced in our case.     

Primary malignant lymphoma of the rib; report of a case

We experienced a rare case of primary malignant lymphoma of the rib. The case was a 67-year-old female. An abnormal shadow of the chest X-ray was pointed out. Preoperative diagnosis was extrapulmonary lesion on the chest computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The tumor accompanied with chest wall resection was done. The tumor cell was appeared in the bone marrow diffusely. The tumor invaded the canal of bone cortex and expanded the neighbor tissue. Histologically tumor was diagnosis of the malignant lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell type, stained by negative in L 26, positive in CD 43, positive in CD 79 a, negative in UCHL-1, and negative in CD 3. EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) and EBV-EBNA 2 was negative. This tumor was not able to proved to Epstein-Bar virus.     

Liver transplantation for biliary atresia associated with malignant hepatic tumors

The authors report 3 cases of liver transplantations in children between 4 and 10 years of age, complicated with malignant hepatic tumors after biliary atresia. The preoperative abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans of all 3 cases showed hepatic masses. The serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were elevated highly in 2 cases. After living-related liver transplantation (LRLT), the pathologic findings of the masses in the resected livers showed hepatocellular carcinoma in 2 cases and hepatoblastoma in the other. All cases were associated with biliary cirrhosis. The stage of the liver tumor in the 3 cases using the TNM system was IVA (T4, N0, M0), II (T2, N0, M0) and IVA (T4, N0, M0). Chemotherapy was used in all cases after liver transplantation, and all patients survived with no recurrence. The results suggest that even though malignant liver tumors rarely are complicated with biliary atresia in childhood, one should be alert to the occurrence of hepatic malignancy and perform routine screening of alpha-fetoprotein levels, abdominal CT scans, and magnetic resonance imagings.     

计算机辅助手术系统在儿童肝脏原发性间叶肿瘤手术中的应用

目的 探讨Hisense CAS计算机辅助手术系统在儿童肝脏原发性间叶肿瘤手术中的应用优势。方法 收集2009年4月至2020年11月在青岛大学附属医院接受肝脏间叶肿瘤手术的8例肝脏间叶源性肿瘤患儿的临床资料,其中男3例,女5例,年龄0.9～9岁;间叶错构瘤4例,胚胎性肉瘤4例。其中4例运用Hisense CAS计算机辅助手术系统对其增强CT数据进行三维重建。结果 术前根据CT检查拟实施精准肝切除术,4例成功进行肝脏及肿瘤的三维重建,并进行模拟肝切除。根据术前制定的手术计划成功实施肝中叶切除术2例,肝右叶切除术1例,肝左叶切除术2例,肝脏肿瘤切除术3例。术后恢复好,病理检查证实皆为肝脏间叶肿瘤。随访3个月至5年未见并发症及复发。结论 肝脏间叶肿瘤影像学特征不明显,很难与其他肝脏肿瘤区分,肿瘤体积较大,术前规划难度较高,Hisense CAS计算机辅助手术系统的3D可视化技术能补充CT检查结果,辅助医师设计最优手术方案,有助于安全根治性切除肿瘤。     

63例原发性腹膜后肿瘤的诊断和外科治疗

目的 总结原发性腹膜后肿瘤诊断和外科治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析1990年1月至2007年3月63例经手术治疗且病理证实的原发性腹膜后肿瘤的临床表现、手术治疗、病理类型和随访结果.结果 63例中良性25例,恶性38例.主要临床表现为腹部包块,CT对良恶性判断的约登指数为85%,良性肿瘤完整切除率为88%,恶性肿瘤为68%,联合脏器切除占肿瘤完整切除总数的40%.肿瘤切除程度和病理类型与术后复发密切相关.良、恶性肿瘤完整切除的5年生存率分别为83.6%和27.3%.恶性肿瘤完整切除的患者平均随访36个月(5～168个月),53%局部复发,平均复发时间25个月(3～108个月),恶性肿瘤局部复发再手术完整切除率62.5%.全组有1例术后第1天腹腔内出血死亡.结论 应当重视临床表现争取早期诊断;影像学检查是判断手术范围的重要依据;肿瘤完整切除,必要时联合脏器切除是治疗本病的最佳手段;术后规律复查有助于及早发现复发肿瘤并争取再手术治疗.     

A case of malignant lymphoma of the prostate

We report a case of primary malignant lymphoma of the prostate. A 76-year-old man was refer to our clinic with a chief complaint of dysuria. Based on a benign prostatic hypertrophy, transurethral resection of the prostate was performed. Histological findings showed diffuse, large cell type malignant lymphoma. His clinical stage was 1 A prostate (+) according to the Ann Abor classification. The combination chemotherapy with THP-COP was performed for 3 courses, followed by irradiation at 30 Gy. His prostate has showed no recurrence for 10 month after treatment. Primary malignant lymphoma of the prostate is rare. About 30 cases have been reported in the japanese literature. Preoperative diagnosis of malignant lymphoma of the prostate is difficult. All cases have been diagnosed after prostatic surgery or biopsy.     

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the bile ducts mimicking cholangiocarcinoma

BACKGROUND: Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the liver and bile duct mimicking cholangiocarcinoma is rare. METHODS: The clinical and radiologic features and the treatment of 2 patients with primary NHL of the bile ducts are presented and analyzed together with cases collected from a review of the English literature between 1966 and 2003. RESULTS: Fifteen patients with primary NHL, including our 2 patients, presented with clinical features mimicking cholangiocarcinoma. All had jaundice; 9 had systemic symptoms; 7 had abdominal pain; and 5 had mass lesions. All had biliary strictures as shown on cholangiography. Two patients were infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1. In only 1 patient was the diagnosis established without surgery. Immunophenotyping in 10 patients showed 9 B-cell tumors and 1 T-cell tumor. Twelve patients underwent resection. Seven received chemotherapy immediately after the diagnosis was made. Only 3 patients have survived more than 3 years, with the longest survival being 68 months. CONCLUSIONS: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the liver and bile duct must be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with obstructive jaundice. If the correct diagnosis is made before surgery, current protocols of chemotherapy may be the primary modality of therapy. Surgical resection should be reserved to address complications of biliary obstruction or the failure of chemotherapy to eradicate localized disease.     

肝脏恶性上皮样血管周细胞瘤的诊断与外科治疗

目的 总结肝脏恶性上皮样血管周细胞瘤（perivascular epithelioid cell carcinoma,PEComa）的临床、影像学和病理学特征,探讨PEComa的诊断与外科治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析2008年1月1日至2018年1月1日安康市中心医院收治的6例肝脏恶性PEComa患者临床资料,均在腹部B超、上腹部增强CT检查之后行肝脏肿瘤切除术,术后经病理及免疫组化检查明确诊断并密切随访。结果 6例患者中女5例,男1例,多因上腹部疼痛就诊,且血清学检查基本正常。影像学主要表现为肝脏单发性肿瘤,形态欠规则、边界尚清晰;CT平扫期表现为低密度影或稍低密度影;增强扫描动脉期病灶轻度强化,门静脉期病灶强化明显,延迟期病灶强化程度减轻。肿瘤位于左肝4例、右肝2例,大小为（7.1 cm×6.3 cm×5.7 cm）～（21.0 cm×18.0 cm×11.9 cm）。6例均行肝部分切除术,R0切除,无手术相关并发症发生及围手术期死亡。术后病理检查示,病灶由不同比例的血管、上皮样细胞及巨核细胞组成。免疫组化显示SMA、CD34、HMB45、Vimentin表达阳性。本组6例全部获得随访,平均随访时间20.8个月（6～52个月）,存活2例,死亡4例,死亡原因为肿瘤复发、转移及全身多脏器功能衰竭。结论 肝脏恶性PEComa是一种非常罕见的肝脏肿瘤,好发于中年女性,无特异性临床表现,术前增强CT检查有利于肝脏恶性PEComa的诊断和鉴别诊断,行根治性肝脏肿瘤切除术是最有效的治疗方法,一旦诊断应尽早手术,术后密切随访。     

肝脏良性实性占位病变误诊分析

目的总结和分析肝脏良性实质性占位病变术前误诊问题,提高临床确诊率.方法回顾性研究我院肝胆胰外科自1998年1月至2004年6月,术前诊为肝癌接受肝切除,术后经病理证实为肝脏良性占位24例患者临床资料.所有病例术前采用统一的诊断方法和步骤,即常规检查血肿瘤标志物,影像学检查（B超、CT、MRI）,少数病例接受肝穿刺活检.结果术前误诊为恶性的24例良性占位中,肝血管瘤9例,肝局灶性结节状增生（focal nodular hyperplasia,FNH）4例,肝腺瘤2例,肝硬化结节性增生2例,肝孤立性坏死结节2例,肝寄生虫性肉芽肿3例,肝结核瘤1例,炎性假瘤1例.术前误诊的原因主要有病灶影像学表现不典型、临床及影像医生认识不足等.24例误诊患者术后发生轻微并发症2例,无需特殊处理;无1例死亡;所有患者经平均3年1个月的随访,无复发病例.结论肝脏良性实质性占位术前易误诊为肝癌.合理地选择联合检查方法和遵循诊治流程,可提高肝脏恶性占位性病变的术前确诊率,减少误诊误治,对术前不能排除恶性的肝脏占位应积极手术治疗.