长期服用阿司匹林致脑出血患者手术疗效

目的探讨长期服用阿司匹林致脑出血患者手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2004-10—2011-09收治的27例服用阿司匹林的脑出血患者资料,探讨服用阿司匹林的脑出血的临床特点及手术体会。结果 27例服用阿司匹林的脑出血患者中存活23例,10例基本生活自理,死亡4例。结论长期服用阿司匹林并发脑出血患者,应停服阿司匹林,给予促凝药物、新鲜血浆或血小板治疗,手术尽量选择微创治疗。     

36例长期口服阿司匹林脑出血患者的手术及相关处理

目的 探讨中老年人长期口服阿司匹林合并脑出血的诊断与相关治疗.方法 36例长期口服阿司匹林日剂量100 mg或以上的中老年人,头颅CT检查脑出血多于30 ml,12例急诊手术清除血肿;24例保守治疗后病情加重,手术清除血肿4例,立体定向血肿腔置管外引流9例,11例非手术治疗.结果 3个月评估,手术组10例基本生活自理,9例无自主生活能力,6例死亡;未手术组5例基本生活自理,4例无自主生活能力,2例死亡.结论 长期服用阿司匹林并发脑出血患者,应停服阿司匹林,给予促凝药物、新鲜血浆或血小板治疗,病情危重应手术治疗,轻者尽可能非手术治疗.

Abstract：

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment strategy in middle - aged and old patients of cerebral hemorrhage used long - term aspirin. Method We retrospectively studied 36 middleaged and old patients of cerebral hemorrhage used aspirin with or over the doses of 100 mg/d, and the hemorrhage exceeded over 30 ml revealed by CT scan. After accurate evaluation, 12 patients were treated with craniotomy for evacuation of hematoma. Among the 24 patients treated with expectant treatment, 4 patients were treated with evacuation of hematoma due to aggravation of the general condition, 9 were treated with external drainage of the hematoma, 11 were treated with expectant treatment. Results Evaluation three months later showed that 10 patients in operation group recorvered with the ability of self - care and 9 patients did not, 6 patients died. In the expectant treatment group, 5 patients had the ability of self - care and 4 patients had not, 2 patients died. Conclusions Patients with long - term aspirin treatment must stop having it when complicating with cerebral hemorrhage. Setting accelerator, fresh plasma and platelet could be used. Operations may be essential for patients with serious conditions, and no - operative therapy for others with stable conditions.     

长期口服阿司匹林的高血压脑出血患者术前输血的意义

目的探讨对于长期口服阿司匹林的高血压脑出血患者术前输入血小板制剂对手术及预后的影响。方法回顾性分析我院自2011-01—2016-01收治的长期口服阿司匹林的高血压脑出血手术患者,共105例,分为术前输血组和未输血组,分析比较2组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后再出血率、术后病死率、术后2周GOS评分差异。结果 2组手术时间及术后病死率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但在术中出血量、术后再出血率、术后2周GOS评分等指标上存在显著差异(P0.05)。结论对于长期口服阿司匹林的高血压脑出血患者,术前应先停用阿司匹林,并输入新鲜血小板或冰冻血小板,可减少术中出血量、术后再出血率,并可显著改善患者预后。     

长期服用抗凝药物的老年颅脑损伤患者治疗体会

目的 探讨长期服用抗凝药物的老年颅脑损伤患者的治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析37例长期服用抗凝药物的老年颅脑损伤患者的临床资料,其中19例接受保守治疗,18例接受手术治疗（其中13例行开颅血肿清除+去骨瓣减压术,5例行钻孔引流术）。结果 37例患者中,存活23例,死亡11例,3例放弃治疗。22例出院后随访6~24个月,平均12个月;日常生活能力分级Ⅰ级11例,Ⅱ级7例,Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级 1例。结论 对于长期服用抗凝药物的老年颅脑损伤患者,了解抗凝药物药理作用,采用相应措施尽快改善凝血功能,根据患者的GCS评分、出血量、中线移位程度等因素综合考虑手术时机及适应症,有利于改善治疗效果。     

长期服用小剂量阿司匹林不能降低急性缺血性脑卒中的严重性

目的评价长期服用小剂量阿司匹林对急性缺血性脑血管病严重程度的影响.方法将321例急性缺血性脑血管病患者根据发病前是否服用阿司匹林进行随机分组和病例配对研究,临床评分作为病情严重程度的指标.结果随机分组和病例配对中,服药组临床评分为17.39±9.90,未服药组为16.22±9.98,两组比较,差异无显著意义.结论长期服用小剂量阿司匹林不能降低急性缺血性脑血管病的严重程度.     

重症颅脑外伤患者手术治疗临床分析

颅脑外伤是常见脑外科急重症,主要是头部受外界暴力刺激而引起的颅脑损伤,主要包括头皮损伤、脑震荡、颅骨骨折、硬膜外血肿等,一般发病急、病情发展快,患者极易出现意识障碍、昏迷等症状,并造成全身脏器不同程度损伤［1］。传统治疗往往采取降低颅内压等保守治疗,但疗效不佳,病死率极高。目前,开颅大骨瓣手术治疗因其可有效降低创伤后颅内高压,提高临床疗效,逐渐成为颅脑外伤治疗的研究热点［2］。本研究以2011-02-2012-11我院接收的120例重症颅脑外伤患者为研究对象,探讨手术治疗重症颅脑外伤的临床疗效,现报道如下。     

颅脑损伤患者手术预后因素回归分析

目的探讨颅脑损伤手术病人手术结果与术前诸多影响因素之间的关系。方法采用回顾性方法，收集148例患者临床资料，整理并输入EXCEL表格。将性别、年龄、入院时GCS评分、是否急诊气管切开、血肿量及类型、中线移位程度等分析指标以及手术结果（以GOS表示）赋值量化后用SPSS11．0统计包进行一系列统计学处理，得出有意义指标及多元回归方程。结果单因素分析表明手术预后与血肿量大小、中线移位程度、入院时GCS评分、硬膜下血肿存在与否、硬膜外血肿存在与否、是否存在脑肿胀有关。但多元逐步回归分析结果表明手术预后仅与入院时GCS评分、硬膜下血肿存在与否、血肿量大小、是否合并脑肿胀显著相关。结论临床颅脑损伤手术结果与多因素有关，它们之间并非互相独立而是彼此影响的。但临床工作中更应注意入院时GCS评分、硬膜下血肿存在与否、血肿量大小、是否合并脑肿胀这4个影响因素。     

重型颅脑创伤患者大骨瓣减压手术的意义

重型颅脑创伤患系指GCS评分≤8分的危重症患，其临床特点为病情严重、发展速度快、预后差。绝大部分患都需手术治疗。我院自1999年1月-2003年10月采用大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑创伤患561例，取得了较好疗效。     

医护合作方案在颅脑手术危重患者中的应用效果

目的探讨医护合作方案在颅脑手术危重患者中的应用效果。方法选取在我院实施颅脑手术的患者80例,按时间顺序分为对照组和研究组,每组40例。对照组实施常规护理,研究组实施医护合作方案,包括医护共同参与培训,共同决策、共同讨论差错隐患等,比较2组护理效果。结果研究组自我效能及生活质量评分明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义,住院时间及并发症的发生率明显低于对照组,护理满意度明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);实施医护合作方案后,医生和护士的合作积极性明显提高。结论医护合作方案可明显提高颅脑手术危重患者的生活质量,缩短住院时间,减少并发症,提高患者对护理的满意度及医护合作积极性。     

Prevalence of aspirin resistance in patients with an evolving acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence and importance of aspirin resistance in patients with an evolving acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by use of the Platelet Function Analyzer-100. INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have demonstrated the existence of aspirin resistance, but the clinical relevance of the phenomenon remains to be clarified. If aspirin resistant patients comprise a high-risk subgroup, it might be expected that the prevalence of aspirin resistance in patients with AMI would be higher than in patients without AMI. We hypothesized that the prevalence of aspirin resistance in patients with AMI was twice the prevalence in patients without AMI. METHODS: We included 298 consecutive patients with known cardiovascular disease who were admitted to hospital with symptoms suggestive of an AMI. All had been taking aspirin 150 mg/day for at least 7 days prior to hospital admission. Platelet function was measured immediately at admission, and aspirin resistance was defined as a collagen/epinephrine Closure Time (CT(CEPI))<165 s. RESULTS: We found that 70 (23.5%) patients were aspirin resistant, and 70 (23.5%) patients ended up with the diagnosis of an AMI. The prevalence of aspirin resistance was significantly higher in patients with AMI as compared to patients without (36% versus 20%, OR 2.26, CI 95% 1.19-4.22, p=0.0058). The CT(CEPI) measured at admission was an independent factor associated with an AMI. CONCLUSIONS: Aspirin resistance is present in almost one fourth of patients admitted to hospital with symptoms suggestive of an AMI, and aspirin resistance is significantly associated with the diagnosis of a definite AMI.     

Intracranial lesions of surgical interest in minor head injuries in paediatric patients

Among 62 children and adolescents (1–16 years) admitted over a period of 3 years (1987–1989) with a minor head injury, 33 (53%) were found to harbour intracranial lesions of surgical interest. The most frequent lesion found was extradural haematoma (17 cases), followed by cerebral contusion (7 cases), depressed fracture (4 cases), depressed fracture with underlying contusion (3 cases) and pneumocephalus (2 cases). A skull fracture was present in 88% of patients with an intracranial lesion and in 50% of patients without lesions. Fifteen patients underwent surgery for an extradural haematoma or a depressed fracture. All had a good recovery. No correlation was found between age and Glasgow Coma Score on the one hand, and the incidence of both the presence of intracranial lesions and the necessity of surgical treatment on the other. The only important risk factor proved to be a skull fracture, which had occurred significantly more often in patients with intracranial lesions than in those without any.Presented at the 12th Meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Neurosurgery, Warsaw 1990     

Large Intracranial Aneurysm after Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Macroadenoma

Uncontrolled cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) for pituitary adenoma can lead to meningitis. Intracranial mycotic pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication in central nervous system infection. Large single pseudoaneurysm is more uncommon. Most mycotic aneurysms occur due to endocarditis. The present patient had no heart problem and was infected by CSF leakage after transsphenoidal surgery. We present a case of large ruptured mycotic pseudoaneurysm as a complication of cerebral infection after TSS for pituitary macroadenoma.     

阿司匹林对脑室旁脑白质疏松患者新发脑卒中的影响

目的探讨阿司匹林对脑室旁脑白质疏松患者新发脑卒中的影响。方法选取伴腔隙性梗死的脑室旁脑白质疏松患者400例,随机分为阿司匹林组(200例)和对照组(200例)。阿司匹林组服用阿司匹林肠溶片100mg,1次/d,持续1a。对照组不服用任何抗血小板药或抗凝药。记录1a内患者发生急性脑血管疾病和神经功能缺损情况。记录入组时及1a后受试者的认知功能(MoCA评分)、白质疏松的严重程度及脑微出血。结果阿司匹林组1a后脑微出血的数量明显大于对照组,阿司匹林组急性脑梗死的发生率明显小于对照组(P0.05),脑出血发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。脑卒中患者1a后神经功能缺损程度(NIHSS评分)阿司匹林组和对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05),2组白质疏松程度评、认知功能差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用阿司匹林对伴脑室旁白质疏松的腔隙性梗死患者缺血性卒中的一级或二级预防可使新发脑梗死疾病显著减少,且不加快白质疏松进程及增加颅内出血。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的不同手术时机对预后的影响

目的 探讨不同手术时机对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者预后的影响,总结实施早期手术的技巧.方法 回顾性分析近3年来收治的327例自发性蛛网膜下腔出血（aSAH）患者的临床资料,根据治疗措施和手术时机进行分组,对各组的术中情况和术后结果进行比较.结果 不同手术时机组的术中意外破裂率没有统计学差异,早期手术组和中期手术组治疗结果分级显著差于延期手术组.将非手术组患者分配到不同手术组后,早期手术组和中期手术组的治疗结果分级显著优于延期手术组.结论 aSAH后早期手术不仅能防止再出血降低死亡率,而且可通过清除蛛网膜下腔积血和去除骨瓣而改善预后,值得在临床推广.     

Intracranial dissections: A pictorial review of pathophysiology,imaging features,and natural history

Intracranial artery dissections (IAD) are uncommon entities associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Certain ethnic groups and patients with underlying connective tissue disorders may be at a higher risk of developing IAD, but these relationships are unclear due to the condition's rarity. Patients often present with a prodromal headache followed by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) or ischemic stroke. Imaging findings are critical to establishing the diagnosis, as the lesions have a myriad of presentations based on the severity, location, and timing of the dissection. Lesions that present with ischemia are at high risk for future ischemia but low risk of future hemorrhage, whereas lesions, which present with hemorrhage have a high rate of re-bleeding if left untreated. There are no evidence-based guidelines for medical or surgical management. Several endovascular and surgical techniques have been used to prevent or treat hemorrhage by ligating the parent artery or reconstructing the vessel wall. Outcomes are generally poorer in patients with IAD than cervical artery dissection, particularly in those who suffer SAH.     

Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease; Current Options for Surgical or Medical Treatment

Recently, intracranial atherosclerosis has become a major cause of ischemic stroke, appearing more frequently in Koreans than Caucasians. Symptomatic or asymptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis is a disease that could recur readily even during the treatment with anti-platelet agents. When the symptoms develop, ischemic stroke can not be recovered readily. Therefore, aggressive treatments such as endovascular therapy and bypass surgery are required in addition to medical treatment for the intracranial artery stenosis. Recent intracranial stenting and drug eluting stenting have shown as very advanced effective therapeutic modalities. Nevertheless, until now, a randomized controlled study has not been conducted. Regarding bypass surgery, since the failed EC-IC bypass surgery study performed 20 years ago, extensive studies on its efficacy has not been conducted yet, and thus it has to be performed strictly only in hemodynamically compromised patients. Unless breakthrough drugs that suppress the progression of intracranial atherosclerosis and the formation of thrombi, and facilitate the regression of the arterial stenosis, the treatment concept of the recovery of the blood flow of stenotic arterial territory by mechanical recanalization or bypass surgery would be remained for the prevention as well as treatment of ischemic stroke caused by intracranial atherosclerosis.     

Stroke outcome in patients already taking aspirin

Background Although aspirin (ASA) has been shown to be effective for secondary (but not primary) stroke prevention and to have some beneficial influence on outcome when taken early after stroke onset, studies regarding the impact of prior use of ASA on stroke severity are conflicting. Objectives: To determine whether ASA therapy begun before stroke onset lessens the severity of stroke. Methods: Prospective clinical information was collected for all patients admitted with their first acute ischemic stroke between July 1996 and July 1998. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores were noted on admission and at discharge. Barthel Index (BI), Modified Rankin Scale (MRS), and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores were also noted at discharge. Stroke severity was classified as severe if the NIHSS score was 9 or greater, BI score was 55 or less, the MRS score was 4 or greater, or the GOS score was 3 or greater. Group comparisons were performed by using the X(2) tests. Results: 178 patients were evaluated. Forty-two were taking ASA and 136 were not taking ASA or any other anti-thrombotic drug. There were no differences between the 2 groups in terms of age, gender, baseline hematocrit or blood glucose, history of hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, smoking, or stroke subtype. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups on any of the scales, either on admission or at discharge. Conclusion: Our data do not suggest that ASA use before stroke onset lessens the severity of first stroke. Until this question is definitively settled, however, it would be prudent to ensure balanced distribution of recent ASA use in acute stroke treatment trials.