骨髓间充质干细胞对局灶脑缺血再灌注损伤的超早期干预

摘要：目的　探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs) 对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用及机制。方法　雄性SD大鼠72只,以线栓法制成缺血再灌注模型,随机分为2组：溶剂对照组;BMSCs移植组。在缺血再灌注后1天、3天、6天分别行神经功能检测、TTC染色、免疫组化法检测Survivin、caspase-3表达,TUNEL法检测凋亡细胞表达。结果　与溶剂对照组比较,在梗死脑组织中移植骨髓间充质干细胞BMSCs后,可使大鼠神经功能有所恢复,在大鼠大脑中动脉局灶脑缺血90分钟再灌注3天及6天神经功能评分比较高,有统计学意义;TTC染色脑梗死体积百分比在缺血再灌注第3天、第6天较溶剂对照组分别减少2.13%和2.10%,有统计学意义。单纯BMSCs移植组比较对照组在缺血再灌注后1天、3天、6天缺血侧皮层Survivin表达增高、caspase-3表达降低,凋亡细胞减少,均有统计学意义。结论　脑缺血部位脑实质单纯 BMSCs 移植能够改善缺血后神经功能,减少脑缺血后梗死体积,可能通过增加脑缺血再灌注损伤部位Survivin蛋白的表达,降低凋亡相关蛋白Caspase-3表达,减少凋亡细胞数量发挥作用     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植及生长相关蛋白43表达在脑修复中的作用

背景：研究证实骨髓间充质干细胞移植能够促进脑功能恢复,并对大鼠脑皮质及海马结构损伤具有修复作用,可能与细胞的自身代偿以及神经生长递质的参与有关,也可能是由于神经应激性损伤刺激靶组织细胞分泌各种神经因子的表达有关。 目的：从细胞生物学的角度,观察大鼠脑缺血损伤后骨髓间充质干细胞移植对神经再生及脑的修复作用。 方法：参考改良Nagasawa法建立大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注模型后,实施骨髓间充质干细胞移植,并分别进行跑台运动训练和水迷宫康复训练,进行神经功能评分及学习记忆评分。采用TUNEL法检测脑皮质区及海马区凋亡神经元的表达以及免疫组化技术检测生长相关蛋白43蛋白在两区的表达变化。 结果与结论：移植组16 h移植骨髓间充质干细胞在皮质区及海马CA1区表达明显增加;7 d细胞表达达高峰,分化细胞明显增加。移植后运动训练7,19,21 d移植组mNSS评分低于模型组(P均< 0.01);移植组大鼠水迷宫试验平台潜伏期的时间较模型组明显缩短(P < 0.05);移植组大鼠穿越平台次数较模型组增多(P < 0.05);缺血再灌注24 h凋亡细胞达高峰,3 d梗死体积测量为最大值;再灌注19 d生长相关蛋白43达高峰。提示大鼠脑缺血损伤介导了神经功能缺损,骨髓间充质干细胞移植促进了神经再生,生长相关蛋白43表达上调抑制神经元凋亡,进一步促进了脑梗死灶的修复。     

骨髓基质细胞源神经干细胞对大鼠局灶性脑缺血神经细胞凋亡及相关蛋白表达的动态影响

目的探讨骨髓基质细胞源神经干细胞对大鼠局灶性脑缺血神经细胞凋亡及相关蛋白表达的影响。方法建立大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型。32只健康Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠分为假手术组、缺血对照组、缺血骨髓基质细胞移植组和缺血骨髓基质细胞源神经干细胞移植组。分别在移植后7d和14d行脑灌注固定取材,应用免疫组化染色及原位细胞凋亡检测脑组织Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达及凋亡细胞数。结果缺血移植组各时点的凋亡细胞数均少于缺血对照组(P<0.01),缺血移植14d组凋亡细胞数明显少于缺血移植7d组(P<0.01),骨髓基质细胞源神经干细胞移植组凋亡细胞明显少于骨髓基质细胞移植组(P<0.05)。缺血移植组Bcl-2表达显著高于缺血对照组(P<0.01)。缺血移植组Bax蛋白表达明显低于缺血对照组(P<0.01)。结论骨髓基质细胞源神经干细胞可能通过上调Bcl-2蛋白表达,下调Bax蛋白表达,对脑缺血再灌注损伤起保护作用。     

NT-3转染骨髓间充质干细胞对脑缺血再灌注的机制研究

目的研究神经营养素-3(neurotrophin-3,NT-3)转染的骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)移植对脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用机制。方法制作脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,将60只大鼠根据注射物不同分为3组:生理盐水对照组、BMSCs组和NT-3+BMSCs组(n=20),观察不同时间3组大鼠的神经学功能评分、脑组织光镜观察、TUNEL法检测神经元细胞的凋亡及丙二醛含量情况。结果 BMSCs+NT-3组移植后大鼠神经学功能评分较BMSCs组低,而BMSCs组较NS组较低,两组间比较均有统计学意义(P0.05);BMSCs+NT-3组脑组织光镜观察细胞形态学变化最轻;BMSCs组神经元凋亡较NS组减少,BMSCs+NT-3组的神经元凋亡数量较BMSCs组减少,两组间比较均有统计学意义(P0.05);NS组丙二醛(MDA)含量明显高于BMSCs组(P0.05);而BMSCs+NT-3转染组明显低于BMSCs组(P0.05)。结论大鼠BMSCs经NT-3转染后相互促进,移植于急性脑缺血再灌注损伤通过减缓神经元细胞凋亡、降低丙二醛含量抑制自由基的脂质过氧化反应进行修复。     

人脂肪组织来源的神经干细胞移植对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后细胞凋亡及Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达的影响

目的 探讨人脂肪组织来源的神经干细胞移植对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后细胞凋亡及Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达的影响.方法 线栓法制作大鼠大脑中动脉缺血2 h再灌注模型.60只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:正常对照组(6只),假手术组(6只),缺血对照组(24只)和移植治疗组(24只);后2组又分为再灌注7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d组(各6只).体外培养脂肪基质细胞,诱导分化为神经干细胞.造模成功后24h,移植治疗组经尾静脉移植人脂肪组织来源的神经干细胞悬液(细胞浓度为2×106/ml),缺血对照组经尾静脉注射生理盐水,假手术组不做任何处理.TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,免疫组化SABC法检测Bcl-2、Bax表达.结果 与缺血对照组比较,移植治疗组各时间点的细胞凋亡数均明显减少(均P＜0.01),Bcl-2阳性细胞数明显增高(均P＜0.01),Bax阳性细胞数明显减少(P＜0.05～0.01).结论 人脂肪组织来源的神经干细胞可能通过上调Bcl-2蛋白表达、下调Bax蛋白表达,减少局灶性脑缺血细胞凋亡;对脑缺血再灌注损伤后的神经细胞起保护作用.     

脑缺血恢复期骨髓间充质干细胞移植对神经功能和促血管生成素-1、2及其受体表达的影响

目的 探讨腩缺血恢复期骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)移植对神经功能和促血管生成素(Ang)-1、Ang-2及酪氨酸激酶受体-2(Tie-2)表达的影响.方法 42只SD大鼠随机分为脑缺血对照组(对照组,12只)、BMSC移植组(15只)及假手术组(15只),各组又分为缺血后28 d、35 d、42 d 3个亚组.用线栓法制作脑缺血大鼠模型,用改良黏附物移除试验(MST)评估大鼠神经功能.在脑缺血后21 d,给BMSCs移植组大鼠尾静脉注射BMSCs,对照组大鼠注射等体积PBS.在脑缺血后28 d、35 d、42 d(移植后7 d、14 d、21 d),用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)及Western Blotting法检测大鼠缺血周围脑组织Ang-1、Ang-2及Tie-2 mRNA和蛋白的水平.结果 BMSCs移植组大鼠各时间点亚组的MST评分均显著高于对照组(均P<0.05);BMSCs移植组及对照组各时间点亚组脑组织的Ang-1、Tie-2 mRNA和蛋白水平明显高于假手术组(P<0.05～0.01),脑缺血后28 d、35 d,BMSCs移植组脑组织Ang-1、Tie-2 mRNA及蛋白水平均明显高于对照组(均P<0.01),而脑缺血后42 d两组之间的差异无统计学意义;3组各时间点亚组脑组织Ang-2 mRNA及蛋白水平的差异均无统计学意义.结论 脑缺血恢复期BMSCs移植能改善神经功能,并使缺血周围脑组织Ang-1、Tie-2的表达水平明显增高.而对Ang-2表达无明显影响.     

骨髓基质细胞移植对缺血性大鼠治疗效果及VEGF表达的影响

目的研究骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)对缺血性大鼠的治疗效果。方法将30只成年雌性SD大鼠制备成大脑中动脉缺血2h再灌注24h动物模型,按随机原则分为对照组和实验组,对照组模型制备成功后,不给予任何干预,自由饮食。实验组于缺血再灌注24h后经尾静脉给予BMSCs 3×106,所有大鼠于缺血再灌注1d、3d和7d进行神经功能评分,免疫组化法测定VEGF表达水平。结果神经功能评分:再灌注3d、7d后实验组神经功能评分明显低于梗死对照组(P0.05)。VEGF免疫组织化学染色:再灌注后3d、7d实验组缺血区表达VEGF的细胞较梗死对照组明显增多(P0.05)。结论 BMSCs可显著促进脑缺血大鼠的神经功能恢复,促进VEGF的表达,以减少神经细胞的凋亡。     

骨髓基质干细胞移植对缺血性卒中大鼠PSD-95表达的影响

目的 应用骨髓基质干细胞（BMSCs）治疗缺血性卒中大鼠,观察BMSCs的治疗效果,检测突触后密度蛋白-95（PSD-95）的表达水平,进而研究BMSCs治疗缺血性卒中的机制.方法 将40只成年雌性SD大鼠制备成大脑中动脉缺血2h再灌注24h动物模型,随机分为梗死对照组和BMSCs组,每组20只.每组再按梗死后3,7d分为2个亚组,每组10只.梗死对照组于缺血再灌注24 h后经尾静脉注射PBS液1ml,BMSCs组同时经尾静脉注射BMSCs 3×106.所有大鼠于梗死后1,3,7d分别进行神经功能评分,应用免疫组化法测定PSD-95表达水平,用TUNEL测定凋亡细胞水平.结果 （1）神经功能评分：梗死后3,7 d BMSCs组神经功能评分明显低于梗死对照组,差异有统计学意义（t分别为2.138,3.417;P＜0.05）.（2） PSD-95表达：BMSCs组在梗死后3d时PSD-95表达较梗死对照组的表达有增多,但差异无统计学意义;BMSCs组在梗死后7d时PSD-95表达明显多于梗死对照组,且差异有统计学意义（t=6.013,P＜0.05）.（3）TUNEL细胞凋亡染色：梗死后3d时梗死对照组大鼠缺血侧可见许多凋亡细胞,显多于BMSCs组,且差异有统计学意义（t=4.978,P＜ 0.05）.结论 BMSCs移植能促进缺血性卒中大鼠的神经功能的恢复.BMSCs移植后能明显增加缺血性卒中大鼠PSD-95的表达,减少细胞的凋亡,对缺血性卒中有保护作用.     

神经生长因子基因修饰骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗脑梗死大鼠的实验研究

目的观察神经生长因子基因(NGF)修饰的骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)移植治疗脑梗死的作用及可能机制。方法采用线栓法制备大鼠脑梗死模型,将符合条件的30只脑梗死模型大鼠按随机数字表法分为模型组(n=10),BMSCs移植组(n=10)和NGF-BMSCs移植组(n=10),分别经尾静脉注射PBS、BrdU标记的BMSCs和NGF-BMSCs各1mL。分别于术后1d、7d和14d采用改良神经功能损害评分(mNSS)对各组大鼠进行神经功能评估,于术后14d应用HE染色观察脑组织病理情况,应用免疫荧光组织化学检测BrdU标记的移植细胞存活状况和TUNEL法检测脑组织中细胞凋亡情况。结果NGFBMSCs组和BMSCs组mNSS评分和TUNEL阳性细胞数较Model组减低(P0.05),且NGF-BMSCs组较BMSCs组更低(P0.05);HE染色显示NGF-BMSCs组和BMSCs组较Model组脑组织损伤及细胞丢失较轻,NGF-BMSCs组更明显;并且NGF-BMSCs组中的BrdU阳性细胞数较BMSCs组增多(P0.05)。结论 NGF基因修饰的BMSCs移植较单纯BMSCs移植能进一步改善脑梗死大鼠的神经功能,其机制为能够促进植入的BMSCs在脑内存活和减轻神经细胞凋亡。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗脑缺血大鼠的实验研究

目的评价骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)移植对大鼠脑缺血后肌力、平衡力及空间学习能力的改善作用。方法栓塞大鼠大脑中动脉,制作40只脑缺血2 h再灌注动物模型,再灌注24 h后对移植组(20只)移植异体BMSCs。采用抓绳实验、平衡木行走实验及水迷宫实验,在缺血再灌注后1周、2周、4周和12周时对大鼠肌力、平衡力及空间学习能力进行检测,观察BMSCs移植后脑缺血大鼠神经功能恢复情况。结果脑缺血可导致大鼠肌力、平衡力及空间学习能力下降。缺血后随再灌注时间延长,移植组与对照组大鼠肌力、平衡力及空间学习能力均有一定程度的恢复,而移植组较对照组有明显改善。结论BMSCs移植可较显著地促进脑缺血大鼠肌力、平衡力及空间学习能力的改善。     

骨髓间充质干细胞立体定向移植治疗大鼠脑缺血损伤的实验研究

目的观察立体定向移植骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)治疗MCAO大鼠的效果并探讨其可能机制。方法用改良线拴法制作大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)模型。60只模型大鼠随机分为移植组(A组)、磷酸盐缓冲液溶液组(B组)与假手术组(C组)。在模型建立后7 d,通过立体定向方式将1×106个BMSCs移植入A组大鼠损伤侧纹状体,B组大鼠以同样方式在同样部位移植等体积的磷酸盐缓冲液,C组完成立体定向过程,但无液体注入。应用改良大鼠神经功能缺损评分(m NSS评分)、水迷宫测试观察大鼠神经功能恢复状况,并取大鼠脑组织行免疫组织化学染色。结果 A组m NSS评分优于B组、C组(P0.05);A组逃避潜伏期明显缩短(P0.05);跨越平台次数明显增多(P0.05)。A组大鼠在脑损伤中心及周围区,可见Brdu单染阳性细胞及Brdu+BDNF、Brdu+GFAP、Brdu+v WF、Brdu+VEGF双染阳性细胞。结论立体定向移植BMSCs可以显著改善MCAO大鼠神经功能恢复。     

Expression of DeltaNp73 in hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice following GFP-BMSCs transplantation

Abstract

Objective: To study the effect of hippocampal bone marrow stromal cells (GFP-BMSCs) transplantation on spatial memory and DeltaNp73 expression in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.

Methods: Twelve APP/PS1 transgenic mice randomly received either 10 μl GFP-BMSCs suspension in medium (GFP-BMSCs transplantation group) or 10 μl complete medium (sham-operated group). Learning and memory function of mice in both groups were observed and tested in Morris water maze experiment at 2 weeks after surgery. Senile plaques and DeltaNp73 protein in hippocampuses were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot at 3 weeks after surgery, respectively.

Results: APP/PS1 mice treated with BMSCs performed significantly better on the water maze test than those in sham-operated group (P<0·05). Immunohistochemistry showed that GFP-BMSCs distributed uniformly and the number of Alzheimer’s senile plaques reduced after transplantation. Western blot showed that quantified DeltaNp73 protein expression was significantly higher in BMSCs transplantation group when compared with sham-operated group (P<0·01).

Conclusions: Our results suggest that BMSCs transplatation could retard Alzheimer’s disease (AD) like pathology and upregulate DeltaNp73 expression in hippocampuses of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. GFP-BMSCs transplantation will be a potential treatment for AD.     

颈动脉移植骨髓间充质干细胞治疗脑梗死大鼠

目的 探讨颈动脉途径移植骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)治疗大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)大鼠的疗效及作用机制.方法 直接贴壁法分离培养、纯化和Brdu标记BMSCs;流式细胞仪鉴定BMSCs表面分化抗原CD90、CD29、CD106、CD34、CD45、CD11h;线栓法制作MCAO模型;颈动脉输注3×106 BMSCs治疗MCAO大鼠模型;改良神经功能损伤评分(mNSS)、黏附实验和体质量等评价大鼠的行为功能改善及体能恢复;Bielshowsky-Luxol Fast Blue双染检测神经纤维的变化;直接免疫荧光法检测Brdu标记的BMSCs;免疫组织化学检测大鼠脑组织神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、神经生长抑制因子(Nogo-A)、突触素(SYN)、增殖细胞核抗原(Ki-67)、神经胶质酸性蛋白(GFAP)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达.结果 BMSCs高表达CD90(91.70%)、CD29(88.40%)和CD106(52.20%),低表达CD34(2.70%)、CD45(5.65%)和CD11b(7.82%).BMSCs组与磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)组比较,MCAO建模后第21、28和35天的mNSS评分(4.89±1.36,7.00±1.67,3.78±1.30与6.33±1.21,2.44±1.13,5.67±1.51;t=2.69,3.83,4.75)和黏附实验时间(单位为秒;54.00±10.48,68.17±11.09,36.89±9.80与59.33±12.40,23.44±9.04,46.50±9.38;t=2.51,3.92,4.77)差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).MCAO建模后第35天,与PBS组比较,BMSCs组梗死侧的胼胝体面积显著增大,脑组织Brdu、SYN、Ki-67、GFAP和VEGF的阳性细胞明显增多,Nogo-A降低,NSE无明显变化,梗死体积差异无统计学意义.结论 颈动脉移植BMSCs能改善脑梗死大鼠的脑神经功能,其作用机制可能为促进内源性细胞增殖、血管再生和突触重建,增强神经纤维修复和星形胶质细胞保护功能.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and the detailed mechanisms of intraarterially delivery of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( BMSCs) for treatment of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats.Methods BMSCs were isolated,purified and amplified with the adherence culture method.BMSCs were labeled with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine ( BrdU ) (10 μmol/L) for 48 h before transplation.Surface antigens of CD90,CD29,CD106,CD34,CD45,CD11b were identified by flow cytometry.The MCAO model was established with suture emboli method.In this study,3×106 BMSCs were injected into rats with MCAO through intraarterial route at day 7 after stroke.The effects on functional and physical recovery were assessed with the behavioral tests (mNSS test and adhesive test) and body weight.Bielshowsky-Luxol Fast Blue double staining was used to demonstrate the reconstruction of axon and myelin.The Brdu-labeled BMSCs in vitro and in vivo were detected with direct immunofluorescent staining.The expression of neuron specific enolase ( NSE),neurite outgrowth inhibitor-A ( Nogo-A),synaptophysin (SYN),ki-67 nuclear antigen (Ki-67),glial fibrillary acid protein( GFAP),vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) in brain were analyzed with immunohistochemical staining.Results Flow cytometry indicated that the positive rates of high expression of CD90,CD29,CD106 in BMSCs were respectively 91.70%,88.40% and 52.20%.Meanwhile,the positive rates of low expression of CD34,CD45,CD11b in BMSCs were 2.70%,5.65% and 7.82%,respectively.There was a significant difference in behavioral tests ( mNSS test and adhesive test) between BMSCs group and PBS group at day 21,28,35 after MCAO (mNSS:4.89 ±1.36,7.00 ±1.67,3.78 ±1.30 and 6.33 ±1.21,2.44 ±1.13,5.67 ± 1.51;t =2.69,3.83,4.75;adhesive test:54.00 ± 10.48,68.17 ± 11.09,36.89 ±9.80 and 59.33 ± 12.40,23.44 ± 9.04,46.50 ±9.38;t =2.51,3.92,4.77;P ＜0.05).Meanwhile,a significant difference in body weight was discovered between them at day 28,35 after MCAO.In BMSCs group,the area of corpus callosum in the ipsilateral hemisphere was significantly enlarged,the positive number of Brdu,SYN,Ki-67,GFAP,VEGF in brain was significantly increased,the expression of Nogo-A in brain was significantly decreased,nevertheless,the number of NSE-positive cells in brain and the infarct volume were not significant different from PBS group at day 35 after MCAO.Conclusions These results suggest that intra-arterial transplantation of BMSCs is an efficient treatment protocol for stroke.Treatment with BMSCs increases endogenous cells proliferation,angiogenesis,synaptogenesis,enhances axonal regeneration and the protective function of astrocytes,all of which may contribute to neurological functional recovery.     

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells expressing the bFGF transgene promote axon regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats

Abstract

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Objective: To investigate neurological effects of transplanting bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transfected with the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene in spinal cord-injured rats.

Methods: Ninety-six male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups: (1) pcDNA3·1-bFGF group; (2) pcDNA3·1 group; (3) BMSCs group; and (4) vehicle control (DMEM) group. After the rat model of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) was established, 1×10⁶ BMSCs or cells transfected with pcDNA3·1-bFGF or pcDNA3·1 were injected into rats of groups 1-3. At days 1, 7, 14, and 21 after injection, the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale was used to evaluate recovery of motor function. Expression changes of bFGF, myelin basic protein (MBP), and NF200 were examined by immunohistochemistry.

Results: The BBB score of DMEM group was significantly lower than those of groups 1-3 (P<0·05), but the score of pcDNA3·1-bFGF group was significantly higher than that of BMSCs group or pcDNA3·1 group at day 14 or 21 after injection (P<0·01). The number of bFGF-positive neurons in rats of pcDNA3·1-bFGF group was significantly higher than those of groups 1-3 at any time point (P<0·05). The optical density values of NF200-positive neurons and MBP-positive MBP axons in rats of pcDNA3·1-bFGF group were significantly higher than those of groups 1-3 at day 7 or 14 after injection (P<0·05).

Conclusions: bFGF gene-modified BMSCs not only effectively promoted axonal outgrowth but also enhanced recovery of neurological function after SCI in rats, and may be a good candidate to evaluate gene therapy of SCI in man.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植对永久性大脑中动脉阻塞大鼠生长相关蛋白43及脑梗死体积的影响

背景：大量实验表明骨髓间充质干细胞植入缺血大鼠脑内能够通过血脑屏障在脑中成活并迁移,可部分转变为神经元,并能促进多种神经营养因子分泌,明显改善神经功能缺损,较神经保护剂具有更长的治疗时间窗。 目的：观察骨髓间充质干细胞移植对大鼠永久性大脑中动脉阻塞后内源性轴突再生标志物生长相关蛋白43的表达及脑梗死体积的影响。 方法：将成年SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为模型对照组、假手术组、干细胞移植组。另取成年SD大鼠4只制备骨髓间充质干细胞,并以5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷标记。假手术组分离结扎右侧颈总动脉;其余大鼠制备永久性右侧大脑中动脉缺血模型,造模后,干细胞移植组移植骨髓间充质干细胞,模型对照组推注等量磷酸盐缓冲液。于移植前、移植后7,14,21,28 d进行神经功能缺损评分,应用免疫组织化学法检测脑梗死灶周边区生长相关蛋白43表达。 结果与结论：干细胞移植组移植后7 d在梗死灶能检测到5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷标记的阳性细胞, 移植后14 d增多达高峰,移植后28 d逐渐减少并消失;移植后7,14 d脑梗死灶周边区生长相关蛋白43免疫活性显著高于模型对照组(P < 0.05)。假手术组大鼠无神经损伤症状,神经功能评分均为0分;随时间推移,模型对照组和干细胞移植组神经功能评分逐渐降低,从移植后14 d开始,干细胞移植组神经功能评分明显低于模型对照组(P < 0.05)。与模型对照组相比,干细胞移植组脑梗死体积均显著减小(P < 0.05)。结果显示,骨髓间充质干细胞移植能上调局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑梗死灶周边区生长相关蛋白43的表达,并显著减小脑梗死体积。     

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation promotes the release of endogenous erythropoietin after ischemic stroke

This study investigated whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell(BMSC) transplantation protected ischemic cerebral injury by stimulating endogenous erythropoietin. The model of ischemic stroke was established in rats through transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Twenty-four hours later, 1 × 106 human BMSCs(h BMSCs) were injected into the tail vein. Fourteen days later, we found that h BMSCs promoted the release of endogenous erythropoietin in the ischemic region of rats. Simultaneously, 3 μg/d soluble erythropoietin receptor(s EPOR) was injected into the lateral ventricle, and on the next 13 consecutive days. s EPOR blocked the release of endogenous erythropoietin. The neurogenesis in the subventricular zone was less in the h BMSCs + s EPOR group than in the h BMSCs + heat-denatured s EPOR group. The adhesive-removal test result and the modified Neurological Severity Scores(m NSS) were lower in the h BMSCs + s EPOR group than in the heat-denatured s EPOR group. The adhesive-removal test result and m NSS were similar between the h BMSCs + heat-denatured s EPOR group and the h BMSCs + s EPOR group. These findings confirm that BMSCs contribute to neurogenesis and improve neurological function by promoting the release of endogenous erythropoietin following ischemic stroke.     

乌司他丁对缺氧诱导PC12细胞神经损伤的保护作用研究

目的 探讨乌司他丁对缺氧诱导PC12细胞神经损伤的作用及分子机制。方法 PC12细胞分为对照组、缺氧组、缺氧+乌司他丁低、中、高剂量组、缺氧+miR-NC组、缺氧+miR-190组、缺氧+乌司他丁+anti-miR-NC组、缺氧+乌司他丁+anti-miR-190组。检测培养液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）漏出率及细胞中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;蛋白质印迹法（Western blotting）检测蛋白表达;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）检测miR-190表达水平。结果 与缺氧组比较,缺氧+乌司他丁低、中、高剂量组PC12细胞中LDH漏出率降低,SOD活性升高,MDA含量降低,细胞凋亡率降低,Bcl-2相对表达量升高,Bax相对表达量降低,miR-190相对表达量升高,且呈剂量依赖性（均P<0.05）。miR-190过表达后,LDH漏出率降低,SOD活性升高,MDA含量降低,细胞凋亡率降低,Bcl-2相对表达量升高,Bax相对表达量降低（均P<0.05）。抑制miR-190表达能逆转乌司他丁对缺氧诱导的PC12细胞损伤的作用。结论 乌司他丁可能通过上调miR-190表达对缺氧诱导PC12细胞神经损伤起保护作用。     

Effects of nerve growth factor and Noggin-modified bone marrow stromal cells on stroke in rats

Treatment with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) ameliorates neurological functional deficits after stroke. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic factor that supports the survival and growth of neural cells. Noggin, an antagonist of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), promotes the differentiation of stem cells into neurons. In this study, we hypothesize that transfection of NGF and Noggin in BMSC treatment of stroke promotes BMSC neuronal differentiation and improves functional outcome after stroke. Adenovirus was used to trasfect NGF and Noggin and the transfection efficiency was measured by Western blot and immunostaining in vitro. The transfected BMSCs with NGF and/or Noggin were administered intravenously at 5 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in rats. The neurological functional outcome and BMSC migration and differentiation in the ischemic brain were measured. The transplantation of BMSCs with NGF or Noggin elicited neurological functional improvement, promoted BMSCs present in the ischemic brain, and also up-regulated neuro-like cell differentiation as well as increased synaptophysin expression in the ischemic brain compared with nontreatment control animals (P< 0.05). Treatment of stroke with a combination of transfection of NGF and Noggin in BMSCs induced a synergistic effect on improved neurological functional outcome, BMSCs present in the ischemic brain, and synaptophysin expression in the ischemic brain compared with BMSCs transfected with an NGF- or Noggin-alone group (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that increasing NGF or Noggin expression in BMSCs contributes to brain plasticity after stroke and that a synergistic effect is induced on the coexistence of NGF and Noggin in BMSCs treatment of stroke.