原花青素对高脂血症模型大鼠脂肪因子及免疫调节的影响

目的 观察原花青素对高脂血症模型大鼠血清瘦素(Leptin)、抵抗素、脂联素以及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、IL-6的影响.方法 SD大鼠随机分成对照组(C组)、高脂血症模型组(H组)、原花青素高剂量组(HD组)、原花青素低剂量组(LD组),各10例.除对照组饲普通饲料外,其余各组喂饲高脂饲料并进行干预实验比较.6 w后检测大鼠血脂,血清胰岛素、瘦素、抵抗素、脂联素及TNF-α、IL-6的变化.结果 与对照组相比,H组血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平升高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)水平降低(P＜0.01);血清胰岛素、瘦素、抵抗素和TNF-α、IL-6含量明显升高(P＜0.01);脂联素水平明显降低(P＜0.01).原花青素干预组血脂水平明显降低(P＜0.01);血清胰岛素、瘦素、抵抗素和TNF-α、IL-6含量降低(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);脂联素水平升高(P＜0.01).结论 瘦素、抵抗素、脂联素和TNF-α、IL-6在高脂血症的病理和生理过程中起着重要作用.原花青素通过增加脂联素,降低血清胰岛素、瘦素、抵抗素、TNF-α和IL-6含量,控制炎症反应,对高脂饮食所致高脂血症相关性胰岛素抵抗的防治发挥重要作用.     

黄连素对胰岛素抵抗3T3- L1脂肪细胞脂联素、瘦素、TNF-α和IL-6的影响

目的探讨黄连素对胰岛素抵抗(IR)3T3-L1脂肪细胞脂联素、瘦素、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)蛋白表达的影响,分析黄连素改善IR的分子机制。方法将3T3-L1脂肪细胞随机分为对照组、IR组、黄连素组,应用地塞米松诱导细胞IR,黄连素组同时加入黄连素。采用葡萄糖氧化酶法测定3组细胞上清液葡萄糖消耗量,观察黄连素对脂肪细胞葡萄糖摄取的影响;应用免疫印迹试验测定脂肪细胞脂联素、瘦素蛋白水平变化;应用酶联免疫吸附实验检测脂肪细胞TNF-α和IL-6蛋白水平变化。结果与对照组比较,IR组脂联素蛋白表达水平明显下降(P<0.05),瘦素、TNF-α和IL-6蛋白表达水平升高;经黄连素干预后,脂联素蛋白表达水平有一定升高,瘦素、TNF-α和IL-6蛋白表达水平降低,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论黄连素可能通过增加脂联素蛋白分泌,减少瘦素、TNF-α和IL-6蛋白水平而改善IR。     

罗格列酮通过上调脂肪脂联素及其受体的表达改善去卵巢大鼠胰岛素抵抗

目的 研究罗格列酮对去卵巢大鼠胰岛素抵抗和脂肪中脂联素及其受体表达的影响,为噻唑烷二酮类药物用于防治绝经后2型糖尿病提供实验依据.方法 36只SD雌性大鼠.随机分为假手术组、去卵巢组和去卵巢+罗格列酮组;检测各组大鼠体重、血压和胰岛素敏感指数的变化.测量内脏脂肪重量,计算体脂含量;逆转录聚合酶链反应检测内脏脂肪中脂联素、脂联素受体的表达.结果 与假手术组相比,去卵巢组大鼠内脏脂肪含量和血压显著增加,胰岛素敏感指数显著降低,内脏脂肪中脂联素、脂联素受体表达显著降低;罗格列酮逆转了上述变化.结论 去卵巢大鼠胰岛素抵抗可能与脂肪脂联素及其受体的表达下调有关;罗格列酮能够上调脂肪脂联素及其受体的表达而改善去卵巢大鼠胰岛素抵抗.     

氧化应激对脂肪细胞脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素和内脏脂肪素表达的影响

目的 探讨氧化应激对于脂肪细胞因子脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素和内脏脂肪素表达和分泌的影响.方法 体外培养小鼠3T3-L1前脂肪细胞,并诱导其分化成熟.通过在高糖培养基中加入葡萄糖激酶制作氧化应激模型.分为4个试验组,分为四个试验组,A组:观察不同浓度的葡萄糖激酶对七述脂肪细胞因子的影响;B组:不同浓度的抗氧化应激物N乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)拮抗氧化应激后,对脂肪细胞因子的作用;C组:NAC作用不同时间对抗氧化应激作用的影响;D组:观察氧化应激伴或不伴拮抗效应对脂肪细胞因子的影响.结果 (1)脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素和内脏脂肪素的表达随着葡萄糖激酶浓度的增加呈现浓度依赖性抑制,其中脂联素和瘦素的这种效应更为明显[葡萄糖激酶浓度25 U/L时,脂联素水平达(6.94±0.07)ng/L,瘦素水平达(0.64±0.11)ng/L,与空白对照组相比,均P<0.01];(2)随着NAC作用持续时间的延长,脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素和内脏脂肪素表达增加[NAC作用16 h,脂联素水平达(19.22±0.27)ng/L,瘦素水平达(2.95±0.22)ng/L,与空白对照组相比,均P<0.01];(3)在同一葡萄糖激酶浓度下(25 U/L),随着NAC浓度的增加,脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素和内脏脂肪素表达旱现浓度依赖性增加(与空白对照组相比,NAC 25 mmol/L组脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素和内脏脂肪素t值分别为6.88、6.96、4.52、3.15,均P<0.05);(4)与空白对照组相比,NAC作用组的脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素和内脏脂肪素表达明显增加,葡萄糖激酶作用组脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素和内脏脂肪素表达明显减少.结论 氧化应激对于脂肪细胞因子的表达有明显影响,对抗氧化应激可改善这种作用.此作用可能是氧化应激参与胰岛索抵抗和代谢功能紊乱的机制之一.     

肿瘤坏死因子-α对脂肪细胞中脂联素表达的影响

目的:通过体外脂肪细胞的培养,研究肿瘤坏死因子-(TNF-α)对脂肪细胞因子脂联素表达的影响。方法:取雄性SD大鼠大网膜及双侧肾脏周围脂肪组织,提取前脂肪细胞并进行培养,经诱导使其转化为脂肪细胞,在细胞诱导分化后第8天分别以不同浓度的重组TNF-α以及罗格列酮干预培养36h,最后测量所培养的脂肪细胞中脂联素mRNA表达情况,并收集培养上清液测量脂联素浓度。结果:不同浓度的TNF-α作用于培养成熟脂肪细胞36h后,脂联素mRNA的表达水平均显著低于对照组,同时培养上清液中脂联素水平亦显著低于对照组;并且TNF-α的作用浓度越大,脂肪细胞中脂联素mRNA的表达水平及上清液中脂联素浓度越低下;罗格列酮可以阻止TNF-α对脂联素表达的抑制作用。结论:TNF-α能直接抑制脂肪细胞中脂联素mRNA的表达,并导致脂联素水平的下降。     

高脂喂食诱导的肥胖大鼠肾周脂肪功能与肾损害的关系及替米沙坦干预的影响

目的探讨高脂喂食诱导的肥胖大鼠肾周脂肪与肾脏病变的关系及替米沙坦干预的影响和可能作用机制。方法给予20只8周龄雄性Wistar大鼠高脂喂食12周,另取体质量、周龄匹配雄性Wistar大鼠20只,给予普通喂食12周。高脂喂食大鼠中肥胖大鼠造模成功14只,随机分为高脂组(n=7)和高脂治疗组(n=7),分别给予高脂喂食和高脂+替米沙坦8mg/(kg·d)。普通喂食的Wistar大鼠中抽取14只分为普食组(给予标准大鼠饲料)和普食治疗组[标准大鼠饲料+替米沙坦8mg/(kg·d)],每组7只。替米沙坦干预20周后,比较各组大鼠肾功能(尿素氮、肌酐及尿蛋白),同时行肾脏组织切片及苏木素伊红并过碘酸雪夫染色,比较各组大鼠肾脏病理积分;利用Western blot方法检测各组大鼠肾周脂肪组织过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPAR-γ)、脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白(aP2)、瘦素及脂联素表达水平;酶联免疫吸附试验检测各组大鼠肾周脂肪组织肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)α表达水平;Real-time聚合酶链反应检测各组大鼠肾周脂肪组织单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)及白细胞介素6(IL-6)表达水平。并用各组大鼠肾周脂肪组织制备条件培养基,利用条件培养基培养肾小球内皮细胞及系膜细胞,四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT)检测细胞增殖情况。结果在32周的实验终点,与普食组相比,高脂组大鼠尿素氮[(20.73±1.29)比(6.36±0.33)mmol/L]、肌酐[(145.32±5.98)比(68.42±4.77)μmol/L]、24h尿蛋白[(312.74±5.51)比(30.14±2.15)mg]增高(均P0.05)。高脂组大鼠肾周脂肪组织PPAR-γ及aP2表达下降,伴随脂联素表达下降,瘦素、TNF-α、MCP-1及IL-6表达上升(均P0.05);替米沙坦干预后,刺激PPAR-γ及aP2表达,升高脂联素,降低瘦素、TNF-α、MCP-1及IL-6表达(均P0.05)。体外实验方面,和普食组大鼠肾周脂肪制备的条件培养基相比,高脂组大鼠肾周脂肪制备的条件培养基培养的肾小球内皮细胞及系膜细胞增殖明显升高(均P0.05),而在替米沙坦治疗后明显降低(均P0.05)。普食组与普食治疗组大鼠上述观察指标差异均无统计学意义。结论高脂喂食诱导的肥胖大鼠肾周脂肪组织功能障碍促进肾损害的发生,替米沙坦可以促进高脂喂食诱导的肥胖大鼠肾周脂肪组织脂肪细胞分化,增加保护性脂肪因子(脂联素)分泌,减少脂肪细胞炎症因子(TNF-α)及趋化因子(MCP-1及IL-6)表达,并且降低有害的脂肪因子(瘦素)分泌,最终通过改善肾周脂肪组织功能而产生肾保护作用。     

去卵巢大鼠海马及额叶皮层海马胆碱能神经刺激肽含量的变化

目的 观察雌激素缺乏对大鼠海马CA1/CA2区及额叶皮层海马胆碱能神经刺激肽(HCNP)含量的影响.方法 选取清洁级4月龄雌性SD大鼠30只,随机分为3组:假手术组(Sham组)、去卵巢组(OVX组)和去卵巢加雌二醇(E2)组(OVX+E2组),每组10只.除Sham组做假性手术外,其余2组均行双侧卵巢切除术;OVX+E2组去卵巢手术10 d后给予E2皮下注射,100 μg/kg,隔日1次.去卵巢手术后常规喂养4个月,获取组织标本,用于组织蛋白和组织总RNA的提取.用Western印迹法测定大鼠海马和皮层C-HCNPpp、N-HCNPpp的相对含量.用RT-PCR技术检测HCNPpp mRNA水平.结果 OVX组大鼠海马和皮层中C-HCNPpp的相对含量较Sham组和OVX+E2组明显升高(P＜0.05),而Sham组和OVX+E2组之间无显著差别(P＞0.05),三组大鼠之间的海马和皮层中N-HCNPpp的相对含量差异不显著(P＜0.05);OVX组和OVX+E2组大鼠HCNPpp mRNA表达与Sham组无显著差异(P＞0.05),OVX+E2组大鼠HCNPpp mRNA表达与OVX组相比增高(P＜0.05);三组大鼠皮层HCNPpp mRNA表达无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论 雌激素缺乏可导致大鼠海马CA1/CA2区及额叶皮层HCNP的增多.     

丹参酮抑制去卵巢肥胖大鼠体质量及其作用机制

目的 研究丹参酮对去卵巢大鼠体质量影响及其分子机制。方法 将32只健康雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、去卵巢组、雌激素组和丹参酮组,每组8只,实验40 d。记录每组体质量和摄食量,检测大鼠血糖、血脂、肝肾功能等生化指标,检查血清雌激素、瘦素、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α含量,检测下丘脑刺鼠相关蛋白(AgRP)/可卡因-苯丙胺调节转录肽(CART)mRNA和蛋白表达。结果 去卵巢组体质量(25 d开始)、每日摄食量、血清三酰甘油、瘦素、TNF-α含量和下丘脑AgRP mRNA和蛋白表达明显高于假手术组、雌激素组和丹参酮组(P<0.05);去卵巢组子宫重量、雌激素含量明显低于假手术组和雌激素组(P<0.05);去卵巢组CART mRNA和蛋白表达明显低于假手术组、雌激素组和丹参酮组(P<0.05)。结论 丹参酮可以改善去卵巢后大鼠体质量和血脂代谢;丹参酮抑制去卵巢大鼠体质量可能是通过调控下丘脑摄食中枢AgRP/CART信号通路减少去卵巢大鼠摄食量实现的。     

植物雌激素α-玉米赤霉醇对去卵巢大鼠骨组织雌激素受体α和β mRNA的影响

目的 应用去卵巢大鼠建立绝经后骨质疏松(OP)模型,观察α-玉米赤霉醇(α-ZAL)对去卵巢大鼠骨组织雌激素受体α和β mRNA的影响,为研究α-ZAL用于治疗绝经后OP提供实验依据.方法 40只6月龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham)、模型组(OVX)、雌二醇组(OVX+E2)、α-ZAL组(OVX+α-ZAL).术后3 W灌胃给予假手术组和模型组生理盐水1 ml·100 g<'-1>·d<'-1>,雌二醇组给予戊酸雌二醇1 mg·kg<'-1>·d<'-1>,α-ZAL组给予α-ZAL 1 mg·kg<'-1>·d<'-1>.12 w后处死动物.RT-PCR法检测胫骨近端骨组织ERα和β mRNA表达情况.结果 大鼠去卵巢后ERα和β mRNA水平明显下降,应用雌激素治疗后可使ERα和β mRNA水平上调;而α-ZAL只能上调ERamRNA水平,而不上调ERβmRNA表达.结论 α-ZAL能调节骨组织ERαmRNA表达,这可能是其治疗绝经后OP的机制之一.     

脂联素和抵抗素与高血压关系的研究进展

长期以来,脂肪组织一直被认为是仅供能量储备的终末分化器官,然而自1994年瘦素(1eptin,LEP)的发现以及对脂肪细胞因子研究的深入,众多脂肪因子如瘦素、脂肪源性肿瘤坏死因子、脂联素(adiponectin)、抵抗素(resistin)和内脏脂肪素等的发现,脂肪组织旺盛的内分泌功能亦逐渐为人们所认识.高血压患者体内血清脂联素水平低于正常、抵抗素水平高于正常,脂联素、抵抗素可能通过多方面因素影响血压的变化.现将脂联素、抵抗素与高血压关系的研究进展综述如下.     

Ovarian hormone modulates 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptors mRNA expression in rat colon with restraint stress-induced bowel dysfunction

AIM: To examine the effects of ovarian hormone on the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptors (5-HT3R) in rat colon of restraint stress-induced bowel dysfunction. METHODS: Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups of 8 each: sham operation, ovariectomy (OVX) and ovariectomy with estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P) replacement therapy (OVX+E2+P). The rats were subjected to 1-h restraint stress 4 wk after operation. The changes of defecation were monitored by collection of fecal pellets. The gonadal steroids were measured in duplicate by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The expression of 5-HT3R mRNA in the colon was studied by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Compared with sham group and OVX+E2+P group, OVX group showed increase in fecal pellets and decrease in the time of vitreous pellets excretion (P<0.01). Serum levels of E2 and P were suppressed in OVX group and restored following treatment with ovarian steroids (P<0.01), and the levels of 5-HT3R mRNA in the colon of ovariectomized rats were significantly increased, the expression of 5-HT3R mRNA was significantly decreased in hormone replacement therapy group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Ovarian hormone plays a role in the regulation of 5-HT3R expressions in restraint stress-induced bowel dysfunction of rats. The interactions between ovarian steroids and gastrointestinal tract may have major pathophysiological implications in 5-HT-related disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).     

Effect of estrogen on pressor responses to alpha1-adrenoreceptor agonist in conscious female rats.

We examined the effect of estrogen on pressor responses to an alpha1-adrenoreceptor agonist (phenylephrine) in conscious female Wistar-Kyoto rats. At the age of 11 weeks, rats underwent ovariectomy or a sham procedure. At the age of 15 weeks, ovariectomized (OVX) rats received intramuscular injection of estradiol valerate (EV) 5 microg (OVX+EV 5 microg group; n = 6), EV 25 microg (OVX+EV 25 microg group; n=7), or placebo (OVX group; n = 8), and sham-operated rats received placebo (sham group; n = 8). After 4 days, dose-pressor response curves to phenylephrine were examined under the condition where the renin-angiotensin, vasopressin and autonomic nervous systems were pharmacologically blocked. Ovariectomy shifted the dose-pressor response curve to phenylephrine leftward with a significantly decreased log ED50 (microg/kg) (the dose needed to reach 50% of the maximal response) (sham: 0.81 +/- 0.04; OVX: 0.57 +/- 0.05; p < 0.05). Supplementation with EV 25 mircog, but not EV 5 microg, reversed the dose-pressor response curve to phenylephrine in OVX rats to the level of the curve in sham-operated rats with a significantly increased log ED50 (microg/kg) (OVX+xEV 5 microg: 0.47 +/- 0.05; OVX+EV 25 microg: 0.75 +/- 0.08). These results suggest that the physiological level of estrogen seen in intact female rats attenuates pressor responses to alpha1-adrenoreceptor agonist, while supplementation with a moderate dose of estrogen is needed to restore such effects of physiological-level estrogen within a short-term period after chronic estrogen withdrawal.     

阿卡波糖、二甲双胍及吡格列酮对糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠肝组织肿瘤坏死因子α及细胞色素P4502E1的影响

目的 观察二甲双胍、吡格列酮及阿卡波糖对糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）大鼠肝脏中TNF-α、细胞色素P4502E1 （CYP2E1）的影响. 方法 高糖高脂饮食8周＋腹腔注射小剂量STZ（15 mg/kg）建立糖尿病NAFLD模型.造模成功后将大鼠随机分为4组：NALFD组（NF,10只,高糖高脂饲料）;二甲双胍干预组[DM,10只,高糖高脂饲料＋二甲双胍500mg/（kg· d）];吡格列酮干预组[DP,10只,高糖高脂饲料＋吡格列酮15 mg/（kg·d）];阿卡波糖干预组[DA,10只,高糖高脂饲料＋阿卡波糖100mg/（kg·d）].干预4周后应用Real-time PCR和免疫组织化学法检测肝组织中TNF-α、CYP2E1 mRNA及蛋白表达. 结果 与NF组比较,DM、DP及DA组的TNF-α及CYP2E1 mRNA表达均明显降低（P＜0.05）,DM、DP组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;DA组降低程度小于DM、DP组（P＜0.05）.同时,TNF-α及CYP2E1蛋白表达呈现相同趋势TNF-α：NF（51.86±3.78）％,DM（20.78±2.51）％,DP（19.34±3.17）％,DA（41.37±2.98）％,P＜0.05; CYP2E1：NF（33.87±4.15）％,DM（16.78±2.54）％,DP（15.69±1.79）％,DA（22.67±4.02）％,P＜0.05]. 结论 二甲双胍、吡格列酮及阿卡波糖均可减少大鼠肝脏TNF-α、CYP2E1的表达,其中二甲双胍、吡格列酮作用相似,阿卡波糖作用较弱.     

维生素K2对老年去卵巢大鼠血管钙化的影响

目的在老年去卵巢大鼠模型上探讨维生素K2对血管钙化的影响。方法 36只10个月龄雌性SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组、去卵巢组、去卵巢+维生素K2组。去卵巢手术后3周,去卵巢+维生素K2组给予维生素K2灌胃30 mg/kg,每周5次,持续12周。各组大鼠在术前及药物干预后每3周留取血清及尿液,18周后处死大鼠,HE染色观察子宫、血管组织变化,酶联免疫吸附法检测血清和尿液基质Gla蛋白(MGP)含量及雌激素水平变化,荧光实时定量PCR检测胸主动脉MGP mRNA的表达,免疫组织化学法观察血管未羧化MGP(ucMGP)的表达,Von Kossa染色观察动脉钙化,原子分光光度计测定血管总钙含量。结果去卵巢后大鼠子宫和血管组织切片呈现明显不同,血中雌激素水平下降,表明去卵巢大鼠模型构建成功。去卵巢前各组大鼠血清及尿液中MGP含量无明显差异(P>0.05);去卵巢后,假手术组MGP含量无明显变化,去卵巢组MGP含量下降,去卵巢+维生素K2组MGP含量先下降后上升。去卵巢+维生素K2组血管中MGP mRNA表达量较假手术组高(P<0.01),较去卵巢组低(P<0.01)。血管ucMGP表达出现在血管钙化周围区域,去卵巢+维生素K2组未见明显ucMGP的表达。去卵巢+维生素K2组血管总钙含量明显低于去卵巢组(P<0.01),高于假手术组(P<0.05)。结论 MGP在绝经后血管钙化的发病中有重要作用,维生素K2可能通过调节MGP羧化及基因表达抑制血管钙化。     

Effects of estradiol on liver estrogen receptor-α and its mRNA expression in hepatic fibrosis in rats

AIM: Estradiol treatment regulates estrogen receptor (ER) level in normal rat liver. However, little information is available concerning the role of estrogen in regulating liver ER in hepatic fibrosis in rats. The present study was conducted to determine whether estradiol treatment in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis of female and ovariectomized rats altered liver Erα and its mRNA expression, and to investigate the possible mechanisms.METHODS: Seventy female rats were divided into seven groups with ten rats in each. The ovariectomy groups were initiated with ovariectomies and the sham operation groups were initiated with just sham operations. The CCl4 toxic fibrosis groups Received 400 mL/L CCl4 subcutaneously at a dose of 2 mL/kg twice weekly. Estrogen groups were treated subcutaneously with estradiol 1 mg/kg, the normal control group and an ovariectomy group Received injection of peanut oil vehicle twice weekly. At the end of 8 weeks, all the rats were killed to detect their serum and hepatic indicators,their hepatic collagen content, and liver ER and ER mRNA expression.RESULTS: Estradiol treatment in both ovariectomy and sham ovariectomy groups reduced liver levels of ALT (from 658±220 nkat/L to 311±146 nkat/L and 540±252 nkat/L to 314±163 nkat/L, P＜0.05) and AST (from 697±240 nkat/L to 321±121 nkat/L and 631±268 nkat/L to 302±153 nkat/L,P＜0.05), increased serum nitric oxide (NO) level (from 53.7±17.1 μmol/L to 93.3±24.2 μmol/L and 55.3±23.1 μmol/L to 87.5±23.6 μmol/L, P＜0.05) and hepatic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity (from 1.73±0.71 KU/g to 2.49±1.20 KU/g and1.65±0.46 KU/g to 2.68±1.17 KU/g, P＜0.05), diminished the accumulation of hepatic collagen, decreased centrolobular necrotic areas as well as the inflammatory reaction in rats subjected to CCl4. The positive signal of ER and ER mRNA distributed in parenchymal and non-parenchymal hepatic cells, especially near the hepatic centrolobular and periportal areas. Ovariectomy decreased ER level (from 10.2±3.2 to4.3±1.3) and ER mRNA expression (from 12.8±2.1 to 10.9±1.3)significantly (P＜0.05). Hepatic ER and ER mRNA concentrations were elevated after treatment with estradiol in both ovariectomy (15.8±2.4, 20.8±3.1) and sham ovariectomy(18.7±3.8, 23.1±3.7) fibrotic groups (P＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The increase in hepatic ER and mRNA expression may be part of the molecular mechanisms underlying the suppressive effect of estradiol on liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 administration.     

OVX大鼠腺垂体FS细胞中Cx43蛋白表达的共聚焦显微镜研究

目的：探讨间隙连接蛋白Cx43在去卵巢（OVX）致骨质疏松症（OP）大鼠腺垂体滤泡星形细胞（FS细胞）中的表达。方法：采用10月龄末孕产SD雌性大鼠40只,随机均分为OVX组和假性手术对照组（Sham组）,于术后6w末测量两组大鼠全身及腰椎骨密度（BMD）。取两组大鼠垂体,应用免疫荧光组织化学法结合激光扫描共聚焦显微镜（CLSCM）分析技术,检测腺垂体FS细胞中Cx43的表达。结果：术后6w末OVX组大鼠全身及腰椎BMD均明显低于Sham组值（P＜0．01,P＜0．01）。Cx43阳性荧光反应主要定位于相邻的FS细胞的胞浆中和／或胞膜上。OVX组Cx43阳性表达荧光强度和表达阳性率均显著低于Sham组（P＜0．01）。结论：OVX大鼠腺垂体FS细胞中Cx43蛋白表达下,顺能与OVX大鼠骨质疏松发生相关。     

Estrogen and raloxifene modulate leptin and its receptor in hypothalamus and adipose tissue from ovariectomized rats

Obesity, from declining estrogen levels after menopause, increases the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension. Ovariectomy (OVX) in rats is a good model of estrogen insufficiency. The ensuing mild obesity is useful to study how hypoestrogenism alters adiposity. This study examines the hypothesis that in ovariectomized (OVX) rats modification of estrogen levels or treatment with a selective estrogen receptor modulator, raloxifene (RAL), alters leptinemia and modulates leptin receptor (Ob-R) abundance in hypothalamus and white adipose tissue, similar to the modification of adipose status induced by hypoestrogenism. Mid- and long-term studies (7 and 22 wk) were conducted to monitor the change in leptinemia in rats after estrogen loss by OVX and after estrogen replacement by 17beta-estradiol (OVX+E(2)) or RAL treatment (OVX+RAL). Leptin was significantly higher in OVX rats vs. controls, in a time-dependent manner. This effect was reversed by both E(2) and RAL treatment at 7 wk (P < 0.05) and 22 wk (P < 0.001). Moreover, E(2) or RAL treatment reversed the OVX-induced increases in food intake, body weight, and fat mass content; the modifications of serum parameters were examined to evaluate the different lipid profiles. We also evaluated Ob-R expression in hypothalamus and adipose tissue by Western blot analysis. The expression of the long functional isoform (Ob-Rb) increased at 7 wk only in adipose tissue and decreased at 22 wk in OVX rats in both tissues; these effects were reversed by E(2) or RAL treatment. We provide evidence that central and peripheral Ob-Rb expression is related to modification of estrogen levels.     

瘦素与妊娠糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗及胎儿发育的相关性

目的 探讨瘦素及可溶性瘦素受体(sLR)在妊娠糖尿病发病及胎儿发育中的作用.方法 选取2014年1月至12月在厦门大学附属成功医院连续产检并分娩的673名孕妇为研究对象,跟踪随访至孕晚期.根据糖耐量试验结果,采用随机抽样法选取50例血糖控制良好的妊娠糖尿病患者纳入妊娠糖尿病组,根据一般资料进行匹配选取50名糖耐量试验结果阴性者纳入正常妊娠组.根据妊娠周数分为孕早期和孕晚期亚组,比较两组不同孕期血清及脐血瘦素、sLR、脂联素、抵抗素及生化指标水平,计算稳态模型评估-胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),精确测量新生儿生长发育指标,使用多元Logistic回归分析孕早期胰岛素抵抗的危险因素,同时采用Spearman相关性分析血清瘦素与sLR、脂联素、抵抗素及生化指标水平的相关性.结果 与正常妊娠组相比,妊娠糖尿病组孕早期血清瘦素、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、HOMA-IR明显升高(t=0.938～6.864,P均＜0.05),sLR、脂联素显著降低(t=9.237、2.216,P均＜0.05),抵抗素、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、空腹血糖差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).与正常妊娠组相比,妊娠糖尿病组孕晚期血清瘦素、抵抗素、空腹血糖、FINS、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、LDL-C、HOMA-IR明显升高(t=0.429 ～ 13.787,P均＜0.05),sLR、脂联素显著降低(t=2.216、5.623,P均＜0.05),HDL-C差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与正常妊娠组相比,妊娠糖尿病组脐血瘦素、抵抗素明显升高(t=1.007、11.857,P均＜0.05),sLR、脂联素显著降低(t=0.201、4.558,P均＜0.05).多元Logistic回归分析显示,瘦素(OR =1.288,95％ CI:1.137 ～4.370)、抵抗素(OR=1.223,95％CI:1.035～ 1.570)、总胆固醇(OR=1.216,95％CI:1.026 ～1.823)、甘油三酯(OR=1.357,95％CI:1.008～ 3.572)、LDL-C (OR=1.634,95％ CI:1.251～3.764)是妊娠糖尿病组孕早期发生胰岛素抵抗的独立危险因素,sLR (OR =0.714,95％ CI:0.161～0.893)、脂联素(OR =0.352,95％CI:0.112 ～0.510)是妊娠糖尿病组孕早期发生胰岛素抵抗的保护性因素.妊娠糖尿病组孕晚期母体血瘦素含量与sLR、脂联素均呈负相关(r=-0.16、-1.13,P均=0.000),与抵抗素呈正相关(r=0.269,P=0.019).妊娠糖尿病组脐血瘦素含量与sLR、脂联素均呈负相关(r=-0.147、-1.250,P均=0.000),与抵抗素、体重、Ponderal 指数均呈正相关(r =0.410、0.673、0.301,P均＜0.05),与头围、身长无关(P均＞0.05).结论 瘦素及sLR与妊娠糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗存在相关性,但与胎儿宫内生长和发育无关.     

Effects of chronic prednisolone treatment on bone resorption and bone composition in intact and ovariectomized rats and in ovariectomized rats receiving beta-estradiol

To examine the interactions between estrogen deficiency and glucocorticoid excess on bone metabolism the osteopenic effects of a standard dose of prednisolone (2 mg/kg BW.day) were studied in sham-ovariectomized (Sham-OVX), ovariectomized (OVX), and OVX rats given replacement beta-estradiol (OVX + E2). For 12 weeks six groups of female albino rats aged 4 months which had their skeletons labeled with 45Ca were fed matched amounts of low-calcium (0.1% Ca) hydroxyproline-free diet. The six treatment groups were: group 1, Sham-OVX; group 2, Sham-OVX + prednisolone; group 3, OVX; group 4, OVX + prednisolone; group 5, OVX + E2; group 6, OVX + E2 + prednisolone. Bone resorption was estimated by studying the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline and 45Ca. Parathyroid function was assessed indirectly from urinary cAMP excretion. Treatments did not influence parathyroid activity or serum levels of calcium or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. However, ovariectomy increased bone resorption and induced osteopenia whereas prednisolone decreased bone resorption and formation and caused osteopenia. Ovariectomy increased the rate of bone resorption in prednisolone-treated rats; prednisolone lowered the rates of bone resorption and formation in OVX rats. The osteopenic effects of prednisolone and ovariectomy were additive and independent. E2 protected bone from the osteopenic effects of ovariectomy but did not affect bone loss induced by prednisolone. These results suggest prophylactic estrogen should help to avoid bone loss from estrogen deficiency in patients requiring chronic high dose glucocorticoid treatment.