模拟体液中二氧化钛纳米管上沉积磷灰石

在NaF和H3PO4水溶液体系中,电化学阳极氧化法在钛板表面形成一层结构规整有序的高密度TiO2纳米管阵列.随后模拟体液(SBF)浸泡沉积出磷灰石涂层.扫描电镜(SEM)观察TiO2纳米管的微观结构,以及生成的磷灰石的形貌,X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了涂层的相组成,电化学工作站研究极化行为.试验结果表明:Ti金属表面制备的规整的TiO2管直径约100 nm左右.模拟体液浸泡试验表明二氧化钛纳米管上沉积了羟基磷灰石涂层.     

ZnTiO_3纳米管阵列(NT-Zn)促进骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的实验研究

目的合成以钛(Ti)为基底的ZnTiO3纳米管阵列(NT-Zn)表面涂层材料,分析它的表面物理化学性能和成骨分化能力。方法以纯Ti为基底,通过阳极氧化的方法 40V电压下在0.5 wt%氢氟酸(HF)溶液中生成二氧化钛纳米管阵列(TiO2-NT),再运用在醋酸锌溶液中水热处理的方法合成ZnTiO3纳米管阵列(NT-Zn)。场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)观察制备的NT-Zn表面形貌。原子发射光谱法测量在不同时间点溶液中Zn释放量。大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(bMSCs)接种到材料表面,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)评估材料毒性,CCK-8检测细胞增殖,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)染色、活性检测和成骨相关基因mRNA表达水平评估MSCs成骨分化状况。结果钛基底表面生成直径约80nm的TiO2纳米管阵列,Zn加载到纳米管内形成ZnTiO3纳米管阵列。NT-Zn缓慢释放Zn2+,具有良好生物相容性,促进碱性磷酸酶和成骨相关基因表达。结论NT-Zn材料易于合成,促进bMSCs成骨分化有利于骨整合。     

钛植入体表面钽功能涂层制备及性能表征北大核心

背景:钛合金因其良好的生物相容性被广泛应用于临床骨科,但其作为生物惰性材料缺乏骨诱导活性,易导致植入假体松动,因此有必要对钛植入体表面进行改性来增强其成骨活性。目的:利用溶胶凝胶法在钛表面制备钽功能涂层,并对涂层的理化性质及成骨性能进行表征。方法:利用溶胶凝胶法在医用钛片表面制备钽功能涂层,采用扫描电镜及能谱分析对涂层的表面形貌及元素组成进行表征,通过接触角测试评估钛片、钽片、钽涂层的表面亲水性。将兔骨髓间充质干细胞分别接种于钛片、钽片、钽涂层上,利用扫描电镜观察材料表面细胞黏附形态,荧光染色观察材料表面细胞黏附及存活,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖活性,碱性磷酸酯酶显色及茜素红S染色评估材料表面细胞的成骨分化能力。结果与结论:(1)扫描电镜显示,涂层表面均匀分布着大小一致的纳米级颗粒,且表面涂层均一,未见裂纹产生;元素分析结果显示,钽涂层表面的元素主要为Ta、O、Ti元素;钽涂层表面的亲水性优于钛片、钽片;(2)接种12 h后的扫描电镜显示,细胞在钛片和钽片表面的黏附形态相似,呈长梭形,向周边伸出少量丝状伪足;细胞在钽涂层表面呈铺展态黏附生长,向远处伸出大量丝状伪足并与相邻细胞连接;(3)接种72 h后的荧光染色显示,细胞在钽涂层表面几乎均呈铺展态黏附生长,黏附细胞的数量多于钛片、钽片,并且钽涂层表面的活细胞数量多于钛片、钽片(P <0.05);(4)CCK-8法检测结果显示,钽涂层表面的细胞增殖速率快于钛片、钽片(P <0.05);(5)钽涂层表面细胞的碱性磷酸酶含量和钙结节形成数量均多于钛片、钽片;(6)结果表明,钽涂层修饰后的钛表面更利于骨髓间充质干细胞的黏附及成骨分化。     

TiO_2纳米管阵列负载盐酸米诺环素前后抗牙周致病菌性能的研究

目的:探讨二氧化钛(TiO_2)纳米管阵列负载盐酸米诺环素(MN)前后对牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Pg)、福塞坦氏菌(Tf)和伴放线放线杆菌(Aa)早期黏附行为的影响。方法:阳极氧化法制备TiO_2纳米管阵列并负载MN。微生物实验分成3组:单纯抛光钛片(Ti)组、TiO_2纳米管钛片(TiO_2)组和负载MN(120μg)TiO_2纳米管钛片(MN TiO_2)组;通过抑菌圈实验评估各组钛片的抗菌性能。结果:Ti组基本没有抗菌作用;TiO_2组的抗Aa、Pg及Tf活性较差,4 h后的抗菌率仅20%左右;负载MN后其抗菌性能增强,4 h后的抗菌率高达77%以上。结论:Ti组没有抗菌作用,若在其表面形成TiO_2纳米管阵列且负载MN则可形成较强的抗牙周致病菌作用。     

新工艺制备纳米钛酸钙涂层及生物相容性评价

目的 :研究新型纳米钛酸钙(CaTiO_3)涂层钛合金材料的生物相容性。方法 :将钛板、羟基磷灰石涂层钛板和纳米CaTiO_3涂层钛板分为钛板组、涂层组、纳米组(各60例)。通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射对3组材料进行分析。将各组材料与成骨细胞(MC3T3-E1)共培养,通过免疫荧光染色、MTT法、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量测定评估材料表面细胞的存活、增殖及分化情况;通过电镜检测材料表面成骨细胞的钙化。结果 :涂层组、纳米组比钛板组有更高的活细胞数量、MTT值、ALP含量,有更好的细胞结构形态和钙化,而涂层组、纳米组无差异。结论 :该新型纳米CaTiO_3涂层材料有良好的生物相容性,为其将来临床植入体内提供了一定的实验依据。     

钛表面纳米仿生磷灰石涂层对成骨样细胞活性的生物增强效应

目的：观察钛表面纳米仿生磷灰石涂层对成骨样细胞行为的影响，为骨科常用钛植入体的表面改性及其生物效应提供实验依据。方法: 商业用纯钛经过物理、化学和生物处理，表面生成均匀薄层仿生的纳米磷灰石涂层，将仿生涂层的钛金属板与成骨样细胞复合培养，以纯钛和只经磨砂、酸蚀处理的钛板作为对照，采用MTT法检测细胞活力和增殖变化、扫描电镜和激光共聚焦荧光显微镜观察细胞形态、RT-PCR检测碱性磷酸酶基因表达。结果: 纳米仿生磷灰石涂层比非涂层钛金属表面细胞的增殖数量明显增高，细胞的形态和分布也优于对照组；培养12 d，涂层对细胞ALP基因表达的量明显高于对照组。结论: 钛金属表面纳米仿生磷灰石涂层可以增强细胞的生物效应，提高钛植入体的骨界面早期结合，具有很好的应用前景。     

微弧氧化技术在骨科钛植入体生物功能改性中的应用进展

微弧氧化是用于增强钛植入体的生物相容性和抗菌性的有效表面处理技术。在钛植入体表面制备生物活性元素组成的多孔涂层,是微弧氧化技术最具吸引力的特征。本研究主要介绍了微弧氧化的基本原理,阐述了该方法的技术优势,并总结了几种微弧氧化涂层的国内外研究进展;对含钙磷、银、铜、锌、硅的微弧氧化涂层,重点关注了对该类型涂层的骨整合性、抗菌性以及毒性的研究报道,旨在为研究者提供较为全面的视角,评估微弧氧化在骨科钛植入体上的应用进展,为后续临床研究提供参考。     

钛表面微弧氧化涂层的细胞生物活性

背景：微弧氧化技术可改善钛或钛合金的表面特征。 目的：研究纯钛表面微弧氧化涂层的表面性能及其对MC3T3-E1细胞早期黏附、增殖及成骨能力的影响。 方法：将46个直径10 mm、厚度2 mm圆盘状纯钛试件分为实验组和对照组。实验组置于含0.02 mol/Lβ-甘油磷酸二钠盐及0.2 mol/L乙酸钙的电解液中进行微弧氧化处理,对照组对试件进行机械抛光。扫描电子显微镜观察试件表面形貌,X射线能谱分析检测涂层表面钙磷比,X射线衍射分析检测涂层晶相构成。将MC3T3-E1细胞接种在两组试件表面,1,2,4 h电镜下观察细胞形态,在2,4,7 d通过CCK-8方法检测细胞增殖,并于7,14 d检测碱性磷酸酶活性。 结果与结论：经微弧氧化处理后,钛表面形成粗糙多孔的钙磷涂层,微弧氧化涂层主要元素为Ca、P、O及Ti,微弧氧化膜层主要由氧化钛、钛酸钙、磷酸钙及偏磷酸钙构成。电镜观察显示1 h 微弧氧化涂层表面细胞已伸出伪足,4 h呈现较典型的细胞形态。细胞在微弧氧化处理钛表面4,7 d的细胞增殖和7,14 d的碱性磷酸酶活性高于对照组。表明微弧氧化技术生成的粗糙多孔钙磷涂层能显著促进MC3T3-E1细胞的早期黏附、增殖及成骨活性。     

羟基磷灰石/TiO_2纳米管复合物的生物相容性

背景:羟基磷灰石具有优良的生物相容性,但目前缺少纳米羟基磷灰石/TiO2纳米管复合物生物相容性的相关研究。目的:分析纳米羟基磷灰石/TiO2纳米管复合物的生物相容性。方法:先通过阳极氧化技术在钛金属表面制备TiO2纳米管,后采用电沉积技术制备纳米羟基磷灰石/TiO2纳米管复合物,在扫描电镜下观察复合物的表面形貌。将纳米羟基磷灰石/TiO2纳米管复合物、TiO2纳米管形貌钛金属和商业钛金属分别与小鼠成骨细胞MC-3T3-E1共同培养,观察细胞在支架上的黏附、增殖及凋亡。结果与结论:通过改变阳极氧化条件及磁场条件能制备不同管径及管长的TiO2纳米管,以及不同形貌的纳米羟基磷灰石/TiO2纳米管复合物。倒置显微镜观察共培养3 d后,TiO2纳米管形貌钛金属及纳米羟基磷灰石/TiO2纳米管复合物周围的细胞明显增殖,细胞形态良好,排列规则,细胞增殖情况优于商业钛金属组。扫描电镜观察共培养3 d后,细胞在TiO2纳米管形貌钛金属及纳米羟基磷灰石/TiO2纳米管复合物上生长良好,可见大量细胞伪足附着于其上;纳米羟基磷灰石/TiO2纳米管复合物组的细胞凋亡率7.8%小于TiO2纳米管形貌钛金属组的9.4%及商业纯钛金属组的13.5%,表明纳米羟基磷灰石/TiO2纳米管具有良好的生物相容性。     

纯钛表面阳极氧化增强成骨细胞生物活性及护骨素基因的表达

背景:纯钛阳极氧化改性后形成的纳米结构与骨组织具有良好的生物相容性。目的:观察纯钛表面纳米孔结构的形貌和物相构成,以及其对MC3T3-E1小鼠前成骨细胞增殖、黏附等生物学行为和促成骨基因护骨素表达的影响。方法:取纯钛片24份,其中12份仅进行机械抛光,作为对照组;另外12份进行机械抛光后,应用阳极氧化技术在纯钛表面制备纳米孔结构,作为实验组。将小鼠前成骨细胞MC3T3-E1分别接种于两组试件表面,接种7 d后扫描电镜下观察细胞形态,采用MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,绘制生长曲线;同时检测细胞促成骨基因护骨素的表达。结果与结论:阳极氧化后钛片表面形成规格统一的纳米孔结构,但是物相构成并未发生变化。与接种于对照组试件上的成骨细胞相比,实验组试件表面的细胞密度变大,覆盖金属的面积更多,呈现多边形结构,突触向周围移行,可见板状伪足向周围材料伸出;接种第7天时,实验组细胞数目约为对照组的1.4倍,同时纳米孔表面成骨细胞护骨素基因的表达高于对照组(P0.01)。结果表明阳极氧化后形成纳米孔结构的钛片更有利于成骨细胞的黏附、增殖和护骨素基因的表达,进而促进成骨细胞生长,具有良好的生物相容性。     

二氧化钛纳米管在骨科的研究进展

查阅国内外有关二氧化钛纳米管(TiO_2纳米管)在骨科领域(实验研究)的文献,并进行归纳分析,总结TiO_2纳米管在骨科领域的研究现状及进展。TiO_2纳米管是一种新型纳米材料,阳极氧化法、模板合成法和水热合成法是目前常用的3种制备方法,TiO_2纳米管在骨科的研究集中在组织相容性(促骨融合与骨生长)和表面修饰(载物载药)方面。TiO_2纳米管有良好的抗菌性与组织相容性,可载药载物,在抗菌、抗肿瘤、促骨生长方面具有良好的发展前景和研究价值。     

Growth of nano-scale hydroxyapatite using chemically treated titanium oxide nanotubes

A vertically aligned nanotube array of titanium oxide was fabricated on the surface of titanium substrate by anodization. The nanotubes were then treated with NaOH solution to make them bioactive, and to induce growth of hydroxyapatite (bone-like calcium phosphate) in a simulated body fluid. It is shown that the presence of TiO2 nanotubes induces the growth of a "nano-inspired nanostructure", i.e., extremely fine-scale (approximately 8 nm feature) nanofibers of bioactive sodium titanate structure on the top edge of the approximately 15 nm thick nanotube wall. During the subsequent in-vitro immersion in a simulated body fluid, the nano-scale sodium titanate, in turn, induced the nucleation and growth nano-dimensioned hydroxyapatite (HAp) phase. The kinetics of HAp formation is significantly accelerated by the presence of the nanostructures. Such TiO2 nanotube arrays and associated nanostructures can be useful as a well-adhered bioactive surface layer on Ti implant metals for orthopaedic and dental implants, as well as for photocatalysts and other sensor applications.     

Hydroxyapatite growth on anodic TiO2 nanotubes

In the present work, we study the growth of hydroxyapatite formation on different TiO(2) nanotube layers. The nanotube layers were fabricated by electrochemical anodization of titanium in fluoride-containing electrolytes. To study various nanotube lengths, layers with an individual tube diameter of 100 nm were grown to a thickness of approximately 2 mum or 500 nm. The ability to form apatite on the nanotube layers was examined by immersion tests combined with SEM, XRD and FT-IR investigations. For reference, experiments were also carried out on compact anodic TiO(2) layers. The results clearly show that the presence of the nanotubes on a titanium surface enhances the apatite formation and that the 2-mum thick nanotube layer triggers deposition faster than the thinner layers. Tubes annealed to anatase, or a mixture of anatase and rutile are clearly more efficient in promoting apatite formation than the tubes in their "as-formed" amorphous state.     

Osteoblast-like cell adhesion on porous silicon-incorporated TiO2 coating prepared by micro-arc oxidation

Silicon-incorporated TiO(2) coating (Si-TiO(2) ) was prepared on titanium (Ti) by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique in the Ca, P, Si-containing electrolyte. The surface topography, phase, and element composition of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), respectively. Osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on the surface of the coatings to evaluate their adhesion behavior. The obtained results showed that Si element was successfully incorporated into the porous TiO(2) coating, which did not alter apparently the surface topography and phase composition of the coating. The adhesion of the MC3T3-E1 cells on Si-incorporated TiO(2) coating was significantly enhanced compared with the Si-free TiO(2) coating and pure Ti plates. In addition, the enhanced cell adhesion may at least partly be mediated by integrin β1-FAK signal transduction pathway. The present work suggests that the Si-TiO(2) coating is worth further consideration for orthopedic implant applications.     

Surface characterization of Ca-P/Ag/TiO2 nanotube composite layers on Ti intended for biomedical applications

The new generation of medical implants made by titanium is functionalized with different coatings to improve their bioactivity and reduce a risk of infection. This article describes how these goals can be achieved via deposition of silver nanoparticles and calcium phosphate coating. TiO(2) nanotubes were grown on a Ti substrate via electrochemical oxidation at constant voltage in a mixture of glycerol, deionized water, and NH(4) F. Silver particles with a size of 2-50 nm were deposited on the surface using the sputter deposition technique. Calcium phosphate coatings were grown on the nanotubular titania by simple immersion in Hanks' solution. It has been found that the silver nanoparticles are distributed homogeneously in the coating, which is promising for maintaining a steady antibacterial effect. The results show also that the Ag-incorporated TiO(2) nanotubes significantly stimulate apatite deposition from Hanks' solution. The highly ordered Ag-incorporated TiO(2) nanotube arrays with apatite coating may offer unique surface features for biomedical implants, ensuring both biocompatibility and antibacterial properties.     

Hardness and elastic modulus of TiO2 anodic films measured by instrumented indentation

The aim of this work was to investigate the mechanical properties of the titanium anodic films (TiO2) produced by anodic oxidation under galvanostatic conditions, using a 1.4M phosphoric acid electrolyte, with different current densities (J) on commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti). The morphology of the oxide films were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), whereas the composition of the film was determined by Raman spectroscopy. Porosity, average roughness (Ra) and thickness of the TiO2 films increased with the applied J. Hardness and elastic modulus were measured by instrumented indentation technique, and the influence of the substrate was corrected using analytical models. The anodic films presented higher hardness and lower elastic modulus values compared with the cp-Ti.     

Soft tissue response to titanium dioxide nanotube modified implants

Titanium is widely used clinically, yet little is known regarding the effects of modifying its three-dimensional surface geometry at the nanoscale level. In this project we have explored the in vivo response in terms of nitric oxide scavenging and fibrotic capsule formation to nano-modified titanium implant surfaces. We compared titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanotubes with 100 nm diameters fabricated by electrochemical anodization with TiO(2) control surfaces. Significantly lower nitric oxide was observed for the nanostructured surface in solution, suggesting that nanotubes break down nitric oxide. To evaluate the soft tissue response in vivo TiO(2) nanotube and TiO(2) control implants were placed in the rat abdominal wall for 1 and 6 weeks. A reduced fibrotic capsule thickness was observed for the nanotube surfaces for both time points. Significantly lower nitric oxide activity, measured as the presence of nitrotyrosine (P<0.05), was observed on the nanotube surface after 1 week, indicating that the reactive nitrogen species interaction is of importance. The differences observed between the titanium surfaces may be due to the catalytic properties of TiO(2), which are increased by the nanotube structure. These findings may be significant for the interaction between titanium implants in soft tissue as well as bone tissue and provide a mechanism by which to improve future clinical implants.     

Improved attachment of mesenchymal stem cells on super-hydrophobic TiO2 nanotubes

Self-organized layers of vertically orientated TiO(2) nanotubes providing defined diameters ranging from 15 up to 100nm were grown on titanium by anodic oxidation. These TiO(2) nanotube layers show super-hydrophilic behavior. After coating TiO(2) nanotube layers with a self-assembled monolayer (octadecylphosphonic acid) they showed a diameter-dependent wetting behavior ranging from hydrophobic (108+/-2 degrees ) up to super-hydrophobic (167+/-2 degrees ). Cell adhesion, spreading and growth of mesenchymal stem cells on the unmodified and modified nanotube layers were investigated and compared. We show that cell adhesion and proliferation are strongly affected in the super-hydrophobic range. Adsorption of extracellular matrix proteins as fibronectin, type I collagen and laminin, as well as bovine serum albumin, on the coated and uncoated surfaces showed a strong influence on wetting behavior and dependence on tube diameter.     

二氧化钛纳米管的理论研究进展及临床实践

背景：二氧化钛纳米管阵列电化学阳极氧化钛是目前应用前景较好的纳米材料之一。 目的：综述二氧化钛纳米管在临床应用方面的研究进展。 方法：以TiO₂ nanotubes,Anodization,biomaterials为检索词,检索PubMed 数据库2000年1月至2013年6月中有关二氧化钛纳米管临床应用领域研究的文献。排除重复研究及陈旧研究,共保留47篇文献进行综述。 结果与结论：从检索到的47篇文献进行总结分析发现,二氧化钛纳米管能够促进包括人成骨细胞,间充质干细胞的黏附和增殖。体内实验证实,二氧化钛纳米管能够促进钛金属内植物在体内的骨整合。此外,二氧化钛纳米管还可作为载体负载其他药物如生长因子和抗生素以促进材料生物形容性及预防细菌黏附。结果说明,二氧化钛纳米管可促进材料的体内骨整合,具有良好的生物相容性。