腮腺腺淋巴瘤与多形性腺瘤的CT对比分析

目的分析腮腺腺淋巴瘤与多形性腺瘤的CT特点,探讨CT对鉴别腮腺腺淋巴瘤与多形性腺瘤的价值。方法经手术病理组织证实的15例腮腺腺淋巴瘤患者,其中男性14例,女性1例;年龄55～77岁,平均年龄62岁。经手术病理组织证实的30例多形性腺瘤患者,其中男性9例,女性21例;年龄25～55岁,平均年龄45岁。回顾性分析腮腺腺淋巴瘤和腮腺多形性腺瘤CT表现。结果 15例腮腺腺淋巴瘤中多发9(60%)例,双侧同时发现病灶12例,共发现42个病灶,39(92.9%)个病灶位于腮腺后下象限,双期增强动脉期CT值平均上升(38.5±12.8)Hu。30例腮腺多形性腺瘤中多发1/30(3.3%)例,仅1/30(3.3%)个病灶位于腮腺后下象限,双期增强动脉期CT值平均上升(15.5±9.2)Hu。结论对于中老年男性,发生于腮腺后下象限,病灶多发,内密度不均,增强后动脉期明显强化,应首先考虑为腮腺腺淋巴瘤。     

腮腺多形性腺瘤与腺淋巴瘤的CT鉴别诊断

目的:探讨腮腺多形性腺瘤与腺淋巴瘤的CT特征及鉴别诊断,以期提高诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的16例腮腺多形性腺瘤与7例腮腺腺淋巴瘤的CT表现及临床资料。结果:多形性腺瘤组:多发于中年,位于腮腺浅叶中上极,多呈类圆形,边界清楚,密度均匀或不均匀伴囊变坏死,偶可见钙化,增强扫描呈渐进性强化,部分有供血动脉,动态增强延迟期大部分病灶强化范围扩大;腺淋巴瘤组:多发生于老年男性,位于腮腺浅叶下极,多呈类圆形,边界清楚,密度均匀或不均匀伴囊变坏死,增强扫描多呈"快进快出"表现,病灶均有供血动脉,动态增强扫描延迟期病灶强化范围无扩大。两组患者在性别、年龄、病灶部位、数量、增强扫描CT值、供血动脉、增强后强化范围扩大比较,两组具有显著性差异(P0.05);吸烟史、病灶大小、密度比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:腮腺多形性腺瘤与腺淋巴瘤的CT表现有一定的特征性,CT增强扫描对两者的诊断及鉴别诊断具有很高的价值。     

43例腮腺Warthin 瘤的细针穿刺细胞学分析

目的：探讨腮腺腺淋巴瘤的细针穿刺细胞学特点。方法：收集并复习43例腮腺腺淋巴瘤，每例均备有巴氏染色、HE染色涂片及细胞块。结果：43例均发现嗜酸性细胞及淋巴细胞，40例发现细胞碎屑，9例发现带有淋巴间质的嗜酸性细胞乳状结构，35例发现巨噬细胞，5例出现鳞状上皮化生，3例发现肥大细胞。结论：腺淋巴瘤是腮腺的常见肿瘤，细针穿刺一般可以作出准确诊断，但应注意与多形性腺瘤、腺样囊腺癌、腺泡细胞癌、慢性腮腺炎、淋巴上皮囊肿、鳞癌鉴别。     

涎腺粘膜相关淋巴瘤临床与病理研究

目的 探讨涎腺粘膜相关淋巴瘤的病理诊断特征及发病机制,方法 分析临床资料,利用ＨＥ染色,白细胞共同抗原,ＣＤ２０,ＣＤ４５ＲＯ,上皮膜抗原的ＳＰ法免疫组化及电镜观察了２７例涎粘膜相关淋巴瘤,结果 男性２４例,女性３例,平均年龄５３．４５岁,其中腮腺１２例,颌下腺１５例,涎腺粘膜相关淋巴瘤是由弥漫性中心细胞（ＣＣＬ）细胞组成,并有“淋巴上皮病变”。ＣＣＬ细胞呈ＣＤ２０阳性,ＣＤ４５ＲＯ阴性,电镜下瘤     

腮腺皮脂腺癌2例并文献复习

目的探讨腮腺皮脂腺癌的临床病理特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析2例腮腺皮脂腺癌的临床病理及免疫表型特征,并复习相关文献。结果 2例均为女性,年龄分别为65岁和61岁。镜下见肿瘤细胞具有不同程度的异型性,排列成大小不等、形状不规则的巢状或小叶状,部分分化差的区域,肿瘤细胞呈小巢状侵入间质。周边胞质较少的基底样细胞向中心逐渐分化为透明空泡状皮脂腺细胞的特点可见。免疫表型缺乏最有意义的免疫组化指标。结论腮腺皮脂腺癌较罕见,需加深对其临床病理特点的理解,结合临床与病理学诊断,避免误诊。     

子宫颈淋巴瘤样病变6例临床病理观察

目的 探讨子宫颈淋巴瘤样病变的临床病理特征及鉴别诊断要点。方法 收集6例子宫颈淋巴瘤样病变，观察其临床病理特点，进行免疫组化染色及随访。结果 6例平均年龄47岁，临床表现不规则阴道出血，妇检示宫颈重度糜烂或息肉。镜检示致密的大淋巴细胞与多量成熟的小淋巴细胞、浆细胞以及分叶核白细胞混合存在，核分裂象活跃。免疫组化染色显示淋巴组织为多克隆性增生，大淋巴细胞CD30和CD20呈不同程度的阳性表达。结论 子宫颈淋巴瘤样病变是一种反应性淋巴组织增生性病变，需要注意与恶性淋巴瘤鉴别。病变特有的组织学表现及免疫组化染色有助于鉴别诊断。     

腮腺原发性腺恶性淋巴瘤2例

腮腺淋巴瘤较常见,但腮腺原发性腺恶性淋巴瘤较罕见,现报告2例。例1,男,51岁,因左耳下肿块9年,于1986年住我院完整切除。病理诊断:左腮腺腺淋巴瘤。术后情况良好。1990年初发觉左耳下原切口处肿块复发,半年后迅速增长如鸡     

宫颈淋巴瘤样病变与宫颈淋巴瘤的鉴别

目的探讨宫颈淋巴瘤样病变和宫颈淋巴瘤的临床病理特点及免疫球蛋白重链（IgH）基因重排在两者鉴别诊断上的价值。方法对10例宫颈淋巴瘤样病变和16例宫颈淋巴瘤进行临床资料分析和组织病理学观察,以免疫组织化学（EnVision法）检测B、T淋巴细胞标记物和免疫球蛋白轻链（κ,λ）的表达,并应用半套式聚合酶链反应方法检测了4例淋巴瘤样病变和4例淋巴瘤中IgH基因重排的情况。结果宫颈淋巴瘤样病变患者年龄24—54岁（中位年龄43岁）,临床多表现为宫颈糜烂或息肉,镜下观察可见表浅分布的、局灶或弥漫性免疫母细胞样大细胞浸润,伴淋巴细胞转化成熟现象和多型性炎性细胞浸润（多量成熟浆细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、中性粒细胞）。宫颈淋巴瘤患者年龄28—78岁（中位年龄58岁）,临床表现为宫颈肿块或弥漫性宫颈肥大,镜下观察示12例弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤和4例滤泡性淋巴瘤,二者组织学形态分别以弥漫分布、形态单一的肿瘤性大淋巴细胞浸润和肿瘤性滤泡形成为特点,病灶中少有多型性炎性细胞浸润,也不出现淋巴细胞转化成熟现象。宫颈淋巴瘤样病变中,免疫母细胞样大细胞κ和λ染色结果欠满意。4例宫颈淋巴瘤病例和2例宫颈淋巴瘤样病变中检出单克隆性IgH基因重排。结论宫颈淋巴瘤样病变和淋巴瘤主要依据不同的临床和病理形态特点相互区分。IgH基因重排检测对于二者鉴别有帮助,但需注意部分良性病变也有单克隆性淋巴细胞增生。     

原发性甲状腺非霍奇金淋巴瘤12例临床病理分析

目的探讨原发性甲状腺非霍奇金淋巴瘤(primary thyroid non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,PTNHL)的临床病理特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析2010～2018年诊断的12例PTNHL的临床病理特征、免疫表型,并复习相关文献。结果所有病例均经术后病理及免疫组化染色确诊,其中男性3例,女性9例,平均发病年龄56. 7岁; 10例伴淋巴细胞性/桥本甲状腺炎背景; 12例均为B细胞淋巴瘤,8例病理类型为弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤,4例病理类型为黏膜相关淋巴组织结外边缘区淋巴瘤,其中1例伴大细胞转化; 3例浸润甲状腺周围组织,1例伴颈部淋巴结受侵;免疫表型:瘤细胞均表达CD20和CD79a等B细胞标记,不表达CKpan、TG、EMA等甲状腺滤泡上皮标记。结论 PTNHL临床罕见,好发于老年女性,病理类型均为B细胞来源,多伴淋巴细胞性/桥本甲状腺炎背景,临床表现缺乏特异性,确诊依赖术后病理检查及免疫组化染色结果。     

肺粘膜相关型淋巴瘤与肺炎性假瘤临床病理及免疫组化研究

目的 :探讨肺粘膜相关型淋巴瘤和肺炎性假瘤的病理特征及相互关系。方法 :对 9例肺粘膜相关型淋巴瘤和 6例肺炎性假瘤进行临床病理及免疫组化研究。结果 :男性多见 ,平均年龄 5 8岁 ,干咳、胸闷、胸痛为主要症状。病理形态 :肺粘膜相关型淋巴瘤 9例 ,细胞类型 ,CCL细胞性 6例、小淋巴细胞性 2例 ,淋巴浆细胞性 1例。肺炎性假瘤 6例。免疫组化证实 ,肺粘膜相关型淋巴瘤 9例LCA 、L2 6 、IgM、κ或λ呈单克隆性 ,6例炎性假瘤显示多克隆性。 结论 :两者临床鉴别困难 ,病理诊断须依靠免疫组化才能鉴别 ,两者均应以手术治疗为主。     

Malignant adenolymphoma

Adenolymphoma (Warthin's tumor) is a well studied benign tumor of the salivary gland. Malignant transformation of such a tumor is rare and not well documented in the literature. The light microscopic and ultrastructural features of an undifferentiated carcinoma arising in an adenolymphoma, in the parotid gland of a middle aged male are described, and the relevant literature is reviewed. Similarities between the benign adenolymphoma and the undifferentiated malignant tumor, such as the presence of interstitial lymphoplasmacytic cell infiltrates, dark and light epithelial cells, similar cytoplasmic organelles, and nuclear morphology, suggest a malignant transformation of a previously existing benign adenolymphoma.     

Parotid gland malignant melanomas

BACKGROUND: Malignant melanomas are relatively unusual tumors in the parotid gland. The majority of previously reported cases appear to represent metastatic lesions, often from cutaneous head and neck primaries. METHODS: Retrospective clinicopathologic review of 12 cases of malignant melanoma involving the parotid gland encountered between 1980 and October 1999 at a tertiary referral center. RESULTS: Patients consisted of 9 men and 3 women ranging in age from 30 to 84 years (median, 66 years). Eleven of 12 patients presented with a neck mass or nodule. In 9 of 12 patients, a cutaneous or conjunctival primary was noted in the head region. In 2 patients, a cutaneous melanoma and the parotid gland melanoma were diagnosed at the same time. In 1 patient, melanoma was initially diagnosed in the parotid gland, and a definite primary was not uncovered. All patients underwent excision of the parotid melanoma, which was accompanied by a lymph node biopsy or dissection in 10 out of 11 patients. Four patients received adjuvant radiotherapy, and 3 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Four of 11 patients had ipsilateral cervical lymph node metastasis at the time of parotid tumor resection, and 5 patients had involvement of intraparotid lymph nodes by metastatic melanoma. Tumors ranged in size from 0.3 to 2.5 cm in greatest dimension. Multiple parotid nodules were noted in 4 patients. All tumors were characterized by a diffuse proliferation of cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli. Four tumors demonstrated focal spindle cell regions. Intravascular and/or lymphatic involvement by tumor within the parotid gland was noted in 3 lesions. At last known follow-up, 6 patients had died with tumor at a median follow-up period of 11 months after parotid gland surgery. Four patients were alive with evidence of tumor at follow-up intervals of 4, 17, 21, and 113 months after parotid gland surgery. Two patients were alive with no evidence of residual tumor at 20 and 148 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of melanomas involving the parotid gland appeared to be associated with lymph node metastasis in and around the gland from a cutaneous primary in the head region. Prognosis is generally poor, although rare patients may survive a long period of time following surgery.     

同侧腮腺同时发生嗜酸细胞腺瘤合并Warthin瘤1例报道及文献复习

目的 探讨嗜酸细胞腺瘤合并Warthin瘤的临床病理特点及组织发生.方法 报道1例腮腺同时性嗜酸细胞腺瘤并Warthin瘤,并复习相关文献.结果 患者男,72岁.因无意中发现右腮腺区有一核桃大小肿物10余天、触痛明显而入院.镜下在同一瘤组织内可见嗜酸细胞腺瘤与Warthin瘤两种组成成分,并可见移行,二者具有相似的免疫表型.结论 同侧腮腺在同一瘤体内存在两种不同的肿瘤组织类型极为罕见,它们可能具有相同的组织来源.预后与原发肿瘤的性质有关.     

Peripheral nerve sheath tumors arising in salivary glands: A clinicopathologic study

Primary salivary gland peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) are uncommon. This study is a retrospective, clinicopathologic review of 9 cases of PNST (5 neurofibromas, 3 schwannomas and 1 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST)) arising from the salivary glands, encountered between 1990 and 2015. All patients with neurofibromas were male (ages 1–62 years) and had a single parotid lesion of which 2 were diffuse, 2 plexiform and one mixed diffuse/plexiform. Four had a history of neurofibromatosis I. Four of 5 presented with symptoms related to mass effect including facial swelling, facial drooping, and dysphagia. All underwent de-bulking surgery and recurred due to continued growth. Of the 3 patients with schwannomas, 1 was male and 2 were female (ages 19, 44 and 56 years). One tumor each arose in the sublingual, submandibular, and parotid glands. Two of 3 presented with soreness and swelling local to the affected gland, especially while chewing. There was no recurrence of these tumors after resection. An MPNST in a male presented as a tender mass in the patient's left parotid; the tumor was resected. There was no evidence of tumor elsewhere in the body. The tumor did not recur in 12 years of follow-up. The most common tumor type in the current series was neurofibroma; most arose in the background of neurofibromatosis type I and all of which recurred after initial subtotal resection. Most PNST arose in the parotid gland.     

Malignant Warthin''s tumour: a case study

Malignant transformation of a benign Warthin's tumour (adenolymphoma) is extremely rare. The light microscopic and ultrastructural features of an adenocarcinoma arising in a Warthin's tumour in the parotid gland are described. Light microscopy demonstrated a transition zone from the benign to the malignant component, and the malignant cells revealed oncocytic features by both light- and electronmicroscopy.     

肺血管瘤样纤维组织瘤临床病理分析并文献复习

目的：探讨肺血管瘤样纤维组织细胞瘤(angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma,AFH)的临床特点、组织病理学及分子病理学特征。方法：收集1例肺AFH,进行光镜观察、免疫组织化学染色及EWSR1基因检测并复习相关文献。结果：镜下观肿瘤周围可见不完整纤维性假包膜,并见不等量淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润,在肿瘤周围形成淋巴组织套;肿瘤内见散在假血管性腔隙;肿瘤细胞呈漩涡状、束状、席纹状排列,细胞核呈梭形、圆形和卵圆形,有一定异型性,罕见核分裂象与坏死。免疫表型：肿瘤细胞Vimentin和CD99均呈弥漫阳性,Ki-67增殖指数为5%。结论：血管瘤样纤维组织细胞瘤是一种罕见的交界性肿瘤,其诊断主要依靠病理形态学特征,免疫组织化学标记及FISH检测EWSR1基因有助于诊断和鉴别诊断;局部适当扩大切除,术后随访患者是主要处理原则。     

Hybrid carcinomas of salivary glands. Report of 4 cases and review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE: To report 4 cases of hybrid carcinoma and to review the literature on these rare neoplasms of the salivary gland. METHODS: Hematoxylin-eosin-stained, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 3 parotid tumors and 1 palate tumor were examined. RESULTS: The cases were classified as adenoid cystic and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, epithelial-myoepithelial and salivary duct carcinoma, and adenoid cystic and salivary duct carcinoma. All patients were men, 28 to 71 years old; 3 patients presented with parotid mass, and 1 patient presented with palatal mass. One patient presented with facial nerve paralysis and pain. The soft palatal tumor was a slowly growing mass with maxillary sinus involvement at the time of the diagnosis. All patients were treated with surgery and radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Correct identification of 2 or more neoplastic entities will help assess the aggressiveness and metastatic potential of the tumor and influence the clinical course and treatment.     

ADENOLYMPHOMA WITH MASSIVE NECROSIS AND SQUAMOUS METAPLASIA

A 61-year-old female presented with a longstanding parotid mass with recent change in size. Histologically, the mass was composed of extensively necrotic tissue with a peripheral rim of ribbons of epithelium. In one focus, a double layer of oxyphilic epithelium overlying a lymphoid stroma in a papillary configuration was present, establishing the diagnosis of adenolymphoma (AL). The possibility of infarction and/or infection complicating AL is discussed. In any parotid gland lesion clinically presenting as a longstanding tumor with recent change clinically suggestive of infarction and/or infection, the diagnosis of AL should be considered. In the pathologic specimen with extensive necrosis, areas of preserved epithelium and stroma should be searched for carefully to confirm the diagnosis. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34 : 1469–1474, 1984.     

Small cell malignant tumors of the thyroid: A light and electron microscopic study

Three small cell malignant tumors involving the thyroid gland were examined by light and electron microscopy. In each, numerous similarities were presented on light microscopic analysis rendering interpretation difficult. In the first patient the small cells were identified on electron microscopy as moderately well differentiated lymphocytes. This tumor occurred in an elderly woman as a locally invasive thyroid tumor, subsequently involving distant sites, including the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and soft tissue. The tumor repeatedly regressed following radiotherapy. The patients eventually died with disseminated lymphocytic lymphoma. In the second patient the thyroid tumor, also locally invasive, was composed principally of neoplastic epithelial cells when studied on electron microscopy. This patient responded poorly to radiation and died within a year after diagnosis. The third patient presented with an enlarging thyroid mass, which ultrastructurally was found to be composed principally of well differentiated lymphocytes. Subsequent clinical evaluation established a diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Small cell malignant tumors of the thyroid represent a difficult diagnosis problem for surgical pathologists. Ultrastructural study, we believe, is a useful adjunct in the differentiation of these tumors.     

Basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland: clinical and pathological findings in 29 cases

Objective: To determine the clinical and pathological features of basal cell adenoma (BCA) of the parotid gland. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 29 parotid BCAs in 28 patients who underwent surgery at the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, between October 2000 and June 2013. The tumors were categorized according to their location in the parotid gland as superior superficial lobe, inferior superficial lobe and deep lobe. Results: The mean age was 57.0 years (range, 32-83 years). The clinical manifestations of parotid BCAs were consistent with those of other benign parotid tumors. There were no significant differences in age, average disease duration and tumor size among the three tumor groups. There were 11 deep tumors (11/29, 37.9%), and five of them exhibited cystic degeneration (5/11, 45.5%). A total of 15 patients underwent FNAB examination, and the results were positive in seven patients (7/15, 46.7%). Mild facial nerve function impairment occurred in five patients (House-Brackmann grade II), of whom, three had recovered by the 6-month follow-up. No cases of local recurrence or malignant transformation were observed during follow-up. Conclusion: The clinical features of BCA are consistent with those of other benign tumors. The deep lobe of the parotid gland is more likely to develop BCAs, and thus, this diagnosis should be considered in patients with deep-lobe tumors, especially when accompanied with cystic degeneration. FNAB can increase the rate of preoperative diagnoses.