急性大脑中动脉闭塞的血管内治疗

目的:探讨急性大脑中动脉闭塞血管内溶栓和支架置入术的可行性、安全性和应用价值.方法:回顾性分析21例急诊行血管内治疗的大脑中动脉闭塞患者资料,其中17例单纯采用局部超选择性动脉内溶栓,4例同时采用支架置入术.结果:溶栓后大脑中动脉心肌梗死溶栓疗法分级(TIMI)3级13例(包括4例同时行支架置入术的重度狭窄患者),TIMI2级7例,TIMI 1级1例.住院期间因心肌梗死死亡1例,其余患者3个月随访改良Rankin量表评分0分8例,1分6例,2分3例,3、4和5分各1例.结论:血管内治疗是治疗急性大脑中动脉闭塞的一种安全、有效的方法,支架置入术结合超选择性局部动脉内溶栓可有效减少开通血管的再次闭塞.     

动脉溶栓联合血管成形术治疗急性重症缺血性卒中患者疗效分析

目的探讨动脉溶栓联合血管成形术治疗急性重症缺血性卒中的临床疗效及安全性。方法 2009年9月—2013年4月,首都医科大学宣武医院对单纯动脉溶栓后(尿激酶)再通不良的16例重症急性缺血性卒中[美国国立卫生院卒中量表评分中位数(NIHSS)18(14～21)分;改良Rankin评分(mRS)中位数4(3～5)分]患者行血管成形术治疗。对其中6例行球囊扩张术,3例行支架置入术,7例行球囊扩张联合支架置入术。结果①16例患者术前血流灌注(TIMI)分级0级14例(87.5%),1级2例(12.5%)。术后14例血管再通,总再通率为87.5%。其中11例(68.8%)完全再通,3例(12.5%)部分再通。行球囊扩张联合支架置入术的7例,均为完全再通;单纯支架置入术的3例,完全再通2例,部分再通1例;单纯球囊扩张术的6例,完全再通2例,部分再通2例,未再通(TIMI分级由0级变为1级)2例。②术后2例(12.5%)死亡,1例于术后第5天死于小脑及脑干出血,另1例于术后第6天死于蛛网膜下腔出血。③生存的14例患者,术后2周NIHSS评分和mRS评分均较术前明显改善;术后3个月,NIHSS和mRS评分较术后2周进一步改善。差异均有统计学意义,P<0.01或P<0.05。采用超声随访14例患者,随访时间中位数19.5(3～46)个月,仅行球囊扩张术后的1例患者出现再狭窄。结论单纯动脉溶栓后再通不良的重症急性缺血性卒中,联合血管成形术可能会提高血管再通率,改善临床预后。其中联合支架置入术可能较单纯联合球囊扩张术具有更高的再通率。     

颈动脉次全闭塞患者支架置入术效果分析

目的探讨颈动脉次全闭塞患者行支架置入术的可行性及安全性。方法回顾性分析首都医科大学宣武医院2014年12月至2016年7月6例诊断为颈动脉次全闭塞并行支架置入术患者的临床资料。结果 6例患者均成功接受颈动脉支架置入术,狭窄率由术前95%~99%降至术后的0~20%。术中均采用近端保护装置MO.MA,1例患者术中出现短暂性脑缺血发作症状,1例患者术后头部MRI示有新发脑梗死,患者术后均未出现神经功能缺损的临床症状。随访3个月,1例患者发生轻度再狭窄(狭窄率50%)。结论对颈动脉次全闭塞患者行支架置入术,技术上安全可行,采用近端保护装置可能有助于预防术中栓塞事件。     

颈动脉狭窄患者颈动脉支架植入术后脑动脉血流动力学变化及CT灌注成像的应用价值

目的分析颈动脉狭窄患者颈动脉支架植入(CAS)术后脑动脉血流动力学变化及CT灌注成像的应用价值。方法选取2013年9月—2017年8月在中国人民解放军第三零六医院行CAS的颈动脉狭窄患者108例,分别于术前及术后14 d采用CT灌注成像检测患者大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉、大脑后动脉相对脑血流量(rCBF)、相对脑血容量(rCBV)、相对开始时间(rTS)、相对达峰时间(rTTP);比较患者术前与随访6个月美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分及Barthel指数(BI)评分;脑血流动力学指标与颈动脉狭窄患者CAS术后预后的相关性分析采用Pearson相关分析。结果患者术前及术后14 d大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉、大脑后动脉rCBF、rCBV、rTS及大脑前动脉、大脑后动脉rTTP比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);患者术后14 d大脑中动脉rTTP短于术前(P0.05)。随访6个月患者NIHSS评分、mRS评分低于术前,BI评分高于术前(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,术前与术后14 d大脑中动脉rTTP差值与颈动脉狭窄患者随访6个月NIHSS评分(r=0.644)、mRS评分(r=0.578)呈正相关(P0.001),与BI评分呈负相关(r=-0.499,P=0.001)。结论颈动脉狭窄患者CAS术后大脑中动脉rTTP缩短,且与患者预后有关;CT灌注成像能客观反映颈动脉狭窄患者CAS手术前后脑动脉血流动力学变化,有助于评估患者预后。     

老年急性后循环大血管闭塞患者支架取栓疗效及其影响因素分析

目的 探讨老年急性后循环大血管闭塞患者支架取栓疗效及其影响因素.方法 回顾性选取2016年1月～2020年1月河北中石油中心医院行支架取栓治疗的老年急性后循环大血管闭塞患者120例,根据术后90d改良的Rankin量表(mRS)评分分为预后良好组68例(mRS评分0～2分),预后不良组52例(mRS评分≥3分).收集2...     

氙CT指导脑血运重建术治疗症状性前循环动脉狭窄及闭塞

目的 探讨氙CT脑血流灌注成像技术在脑血运重建术前及疗效评估中的作用。方法 回顾性分析15例症状性前循环供血动脉粥样硬化性狭窄或闭塞患者的临床资料,其中行血管内支架置入术8例、颈内动脉内膜切除术1例和颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉旁路移植术6例,对比术前与术后2周内氙CT检测的局部脑血流量(r CBF)及术后6个月改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分。结果 (1)12例术前靶血管远端血流灌注异常患者平均r CBF值为(30±10)ml/(100 g·min),术后为(32±14)ml/(100 g·min),与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.044);3例术前靶血管远端血流灌注正常患者平均r CBF值为(48±6)ml/(100 g·min),术后平均r CBF值为(50±7)ml/(100 g·min),与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)术后mRS评分改善8例,稳定7例。15例患者术后mRS评分为[1(0,3)]分,与术前[3(1,3)]分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。随访期间无一例新发神经功能障碍。结论 血运重建术可改善术前存在血流动力学障碍的症状性前循环供血动脉狭窄或闭塞患者的靶血管远端局部脑血流灌注及神经功能缺损症状,而术前氙CT脑血流灌注成像灌注异常可能较灌注正常患者获益更多。     

Solitaire AB支架置入在颅内动脉闭塞取栓后残余重度狭窄中的初步应用

目的分析Solitaire AB支架置入对急性颅内大动脉闭塞取栓后残余重度狭窄的作用。方法回顾性收集2013年12月至2016年5月在湖北省第三人民医院神经内科行Solitaire AB支架取栓后残余重度狭窄并行Solitaire AB支架置入的9例颅内动脉闭塞患者的资料,其中大脑中动脉闭塞7例,基底动脉闭塞2例。分析9例患者的影像学资料、治疗及术后3个月临床随访结果。以Solitaire AB支架置入后血管再通率[使用改良脑梗死溶栓试验(m TICI)分级评价]、治疗前后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分及术后3个月改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分评估疗效,以手术相关并发症、病死率评估治疗的安全性。结果 (1)9例行Solitaire支架取栓后残余重度狭窄患者均成功行球囊扩张+Solitaire AB支架置入,m TICI分级Ⅱb级3例和Ⅲ级6例。(2)术后1周NIHSS评分中位数3.5(2.0,9.5),较术前10.5(6.0,12.0)明显下降(Z=2.524,P=0.012)。8例患者中,6例预后良好(mRS为0~2分),2例残疾(mRS为3~4分),1例术后出现大面积脑梗死合并出血转化脑疝死亡。(3)未发生操作相关并发症。4例出现无症状性出血转化。(4)随访期间1例发生无症状性支架内中度再狭窄。结论 Solitaire AB支架治疗取栓后残余重度狭窄近期安全、有效,但远期疗效尚需更大样本的对照研究证实。     

无症状性颈内动脉中重度狭窄及支架置入对患者认知功能的影响

目的探讨颈内动脉狭窄对患者认知功能的影响及颈内动脉支架置入对认知功能的改善作用。方法回顾性分析兰州军区兰州总医院神经内科2007年5月—2013年6月经全脑血管造影诊断的无症状性颈内动脉C1段狭窄患者92例的资料,其中中度狭窄49例和重度狭窄43例(支架置入31例),评估纳入患者的蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Mo CA)评分、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分以及支架置入后3个月Mo CA评分的改善情况。结果 (1)重度狭窄组Mo CA评分低于中度狭窄组[(22.6±2.9)分比(27.4±2.3)分,P0.01],Mo CA评分26分的患者占83.7%(36/43),明显高于中度狭窄组的22.4%(11/49),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。(2)在重度狭窄组中,术前Mo CA评分支架治疗组[(22.9±3.0)分]与未置入支架组[(21.9±2.4)分]比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);支架置入术后3个月支架治疗组Mo CA评分[(25.4±2.7)分]明显高于未行支架治疗组[(22.2±2.8)分],差异有统计学意义(P0.01);支架置入治疗后Mo CA评分26分者的比例(48.4%,15/31)明显低于未置入支架者(83.3%,10/12,P=0.037)。结论颈内动脉重度狭窄可造成认知功能减退,颈内动脉支架置入术有利于颈动脉重度狭窄患者的认知功能改善。     

急性前循环大血管闭塞患者血管内支架取栓术后死亡的影响因素分析:单中心回顾性研究

目的 研究急性前循环大血管闭塞患者血管内支架取栓术后90 d内死亡的影响因素。方法 回顾性连续纳入2017年10月至2020年12月于上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院神经外科行血管内支架取栓的前循环大血管闭塞患者111例,根据术后90 d改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分进行分组,将其分为死亡组(mRS评分6分,25例)和存活组(mRS评分<6分,86例)。收集和比较两组患者的人口学特征(性别、年龄)、既往史(高血压病、糖尿病)、术前美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、发病时间、急性卒中Org 10172治疗试验(TOAST)分型、大血管闭塞位置(颈动脉、大脑中动脉)、手术资料(桥接动脉取栓)、去骨瓣减压术及其结局(症状性颅内出血)。采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析影响急性前循环大血管闭塞血管内支架取栓术后90 d内患者死亡的独立危险因素。结果 (1)行血管内支架取栓的急性大血管闭塞患者死亡占比22.5%(25/111)。(2)死亡组患者年龄、NIHSS评分均高于存活组[70.0(65.0,80.5)岁比67.5(59.0,73.0)岁,Z=2.268;20...     

复合手术在颈动脉狭窄病变治疗中的初步应用

目的探讨颈动脉内膜切除术（CEA）联合其他术式（一站式复合手术）在治疗复杂性颈动脉狭窄病变中的临床意义。方法回顾性分析2010年3月-2013年10月因复杂缺血性颈动脉病变（包括颈动脉颅外段多处重度狭窄、单支颈动脉颅外段串联狭窄、支架内再狭窄、颈总动脉或颈内动脉完全闭塞）在首都医科大学宣武医院和山东省聊城市人民医院行一站式复合手术的10例患者的临床资料。复合手术方式分为3类,①病变侧CEA＋支架置入术;②颈动脉直视下支架置入术;③CEA＋透视下球囊导管取栓术。结果①2例接受CEA＋支架置入术的患者,术后影像学检查示闭塞或重度狭窄的血管管腔狭窄消失、血运恢复,头晕、肢体麻木、乏力、黑蒙等症状明显改善;②2例接受颈动脉直视下支架置入术的患者,术后影像学检查示狭窄的血管重新成形,血运良好,患者头痛、头晕等症状得以改善或未再加重;③6例接受CEA＋透视下球囊导管取栓术的患者,术后影像学检查示闭塞或重度狭窄的颈动脉开通、血运恢复,患者一侧肢体乏力、头晕、发作性头痛等症状得以缓解或未再加重。④随访患者6～24个月,影像学复查显示无再狭窄发生,再通血管血流通畅,颅内血供较术前明显改善。结论一站式复合手术可有效解除颈动脉分又过高或斑块远端过高、颈动脉串联样狭窄、颈内动脉合并颈总动脉狭窄、支架术后再狭窄等单一传统手术无法完成的复杂的狭窄性颈动脉病变。     

尿激酶动脉溶栓联合支架置入术与单纯尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗缺血性卒中的比较

目的 比较尿激酶动脉溶栓+支架置入术与单纯尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗缺血性卒中的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾性分析64例急性颈内动脉系统脑梗死患者.其中,单纯动脉溶栓组(仅采用尿激酶动脉溶栓)38例,支架置入组(在尿激酶动脉溶栓基础上行支架置入)26例.收集两组病例的医疗和神经影像学资料,比较血管再通率、有症状颅内出血和(或)死亡发生率.采用3个月时改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,mRS)评分评价两组病例的临床转归.结果 64例缺血性卒中患者中,55例(85.9%)存在血管闭塞,9例(14.0%)存在血管严重狭窄.支架置入组血管再通率为88.5%(23/26),显著高于单纯动脉溶栓组的47.4%(18/38)(χ2=16.6,P=0.00).与单纯动脉溶栓组相比,支架置入组3个月时mRS评分＜2分的患者比例显著增高(47.4%对73.1%,χ2=4.18,P=0.04),有症状颅内出血或死亡发生率无显著差异(7.8%对7.7,χ2=0.00,P=0.97).结论 对闭塞和重度狭窄动脉行尿激酶动脉溶栓联合支架置入术治疗急性缺血性卒中患者的血管再通率高于单纯尿激酶动脉溶栓,且远期转归更好.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of intra-arterial urokinase thrombolysis alone and intra-arterial urokinase thrombolysis + stenting for ischemic stroke. Methods Sixty-four patients with acute cerebral infarction in the internal carotid artery system were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into intra-arterial thrombolysis group (n = 38; using urokinase only) and stenting group (n = 26; using urokinase + stenting). The medical and imaging data of the patients in both groups were collected. The revascularization rate, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and/or mortality rates were compared. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 3 months were used to evaluate the clinical outcome in both groups. Results Of the 64 patients with ischemic stroke, 55 (85. 9%) had vascular occlusion, 9 (14. 0% ) had severe arterial stenosis. The revascularization rate in the thromborysis group was 47.4% (18/38), and that in the stenting group was 88.5% (23/26). Compared to the drug thrombolysis group, the proportion of patients whose mRS scores ＜2 at 3 months after procedure (47. 4% vs. 73. 1%,χ2 = 4. 18,P = 0. 00). There was no significant difference between the symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage rate and death rate (7. 8% vs. 7.7% , χ2 = 0.00, P =0. 62). Conclusions When patients with acute ischemic stroke are treated with ultra-early endovascular treatment, the revascularization rate of the occlusion and severe artery stenosis treated with mechanical recanalization + stenting was significantly higher than that of the simple intra-arterial thrombolytic drug, and the long-term clinical outcome is better.     

Percutaneous cervical carotid artery access with stenting of the left internal carotid artery in an elderly patient

To describe the successful endovascular treatment in a nonagenarian with symptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis using direct carotid artery access. An independent 98 year-old man was admitted to our hospital for symptoms of progressive weakness with disorientation and dysphasia. Carotid Duplex ultrasonography was performed which revealed a totally occluded right internal carotid artery and high grade stenosis of the left internal carotid artery by velocities of 608/240 cm/sec. The patient refused surgical endarterectomy and thus he was referred for carotid artery stenting. Using the femoral artery approach and multiple catheter techniques, access to the common carotid artery could not be accomplished safely. The procedure was aborted and he was therefore brought back to the catheterization laboratory the following day for direct carotid access. Carotid artery stenting was accomplished by using of a 6F sheath percutaneously in the left common carotid, cerebral protection device (CPD) and a Nitinol stent. The patient was discharged the following day without complications. At 14 months follow-up the patient is functional and independent without recurrence of symptoms. Carotid artery stenting via direct access can be accomplished in patients when the femoral artery approach is anatomically prohibitive. In this case of advanced age and the patient‘s refusal for surgery, direct carotid access was his only option.     

不符合NASCET纳入标准的高危有症状颈动脉狭窄患者的颈动脉成形支架置入术治疗

目的 探讨支架置入术治疗不符合NASCET纳入标准的高危有症状颈动脉狭窄患者的有效性和安全性.方法 对20例不符合NASCET纳入标准的高危有症状颈动脉狭窄患者进行颈动脉支架置入术治疗,其中男性12例,女性8例,年龄62～76岁(平均69岁),短暂性脑缺血发作11例,脑梗死9例.所有患者数字减影血管造影显示颈动脉狭窄程度＞70%(NA-SCET标准),其中-侧颈动脉重度狭窄9例(2例为内膜切除术后再狭窄),双侧颈动脉重度狭窄6例,一侧颈动脉闭塞伴对侧重度狭窄5例(1例为鼻咽癌放疗术后).所有患者均使用栓子保护装置,均采用预扩张和自膨式支架.结果 手术成功率100%,残余狭窄率均＜30%.所有患者术中均出现不同程度的一过性心率和血压下降,1例患者并发微栓子栓塞.其余患者围手术期内无缺血性卒中发作.术后复查颈动脉超声见狭窄显著改善.术后1个月和3个月随访均未发现同侧缺血性卒中和冠状动脉缺血事件.结论 颈动脉支架置入术创伤小、围手术期并发症少,治疗外科手术高危的有症状颈动脉狭窄是安全和有效的.     

经颅多普勒超声检测颈内动脉颅外段支架置入术后脑血流动力学的改变

目的 评价经颅多普勒超声（TCD）在检测双侧颈内动脉病变患者支架置入术后脑血流动力学变化中的价值.方法 选择经DSA证实的双侧颈内动脉颅外段（ICAe）重度狭窄（8例）或一侧重度狭窄、另一侧闭塞（10例）患者,共18例.应用TCD榆测支架置入前、后颅内、外动脉血流动力学参数的变化.结果 ①TCD对ICAe闭塞诊断的敏感性为100%（10/10）,对狭窄或闭塞诊断的特异性为96%（25/26）,总体符合率为97%（35/36）.②术前ICAe狭窄段收缩期峰值流速（PSV）为（241 ±55）cm/s,术后1、3、6、12、24个月分别为（59 ±15）、（58±12）、（59 ±15）、（61 ±14）、（64 ±16）cm/s,与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,而术后各阶段比较,差异尤统计学意义.③术后支架侧大脑中动脉（MCA）的PSV较术前升高[（59 ±14）、（120±24）cm/s,P=0.000],血管搏动指数（PI）明显改善（0.64 ±0.15,1.05 ±0.19;P=0.000）.术后闭塞侧MCA的PSV亦有所升高[（48 ±17）、（70 ±16）cm/s,P=0.005],而PI值的变化不明显（P=0.379）.④术前有2例前交通动脉（AcoA）开放,双侧颈动脉置入支架后,AcoA关闭;术后有11例AcoA开放,其中10例为一侧闭塞,另一侧狭窄的患者,1例为双侧重度狭窄而仪一侧置人支架的患者.术前后交通动脉（PcoA）开放24支（10例为双侧同时开放,4例为单侧开放）,术后18支PcoA关闭（6例为双侧同时期,6例为单侧关闭）.结论 TCD可用于双侧ICAe病变患者术前、术中、术后颅内外血流动力学变化的评估.     

Carotid angioplasty and stenting versus carotid endarterectomy: randomized trial in a community hospital.

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to determine whether carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) is equivalent to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis >70% by a randomized, controlled trial in a community hospital. BACKGROUND: Carotid angioplasty and stenting has been suggested to be as effective as CEA for treatment of symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. METHODS: A total of 104 patients presenting with cerebrovascular ischemia ipsilateral to carotid stenosis were selected randomly for CEA or carotid stenting and followed for two years. RESULTS: Stenosis decreased to an average of 5% after CAS. The patency of the reconstructed artery remained satisfactory regardless of the technique as determined by sequential ultrasound. One death occurred in the CEA group (1/51); one transient ischemic attack occurred in the CAS group (1/53); no individual sustained a stroke. The perception of procedurally related pain/discomfort was similar. Hospital stay was similar, although the CAS group tended to be discharged earlier (mean = 1.8 days vs. 2.7 days). Complications associated with CAS prolonged hospitalization when compared with those sustaining a CEA-related complication (mean = 5.6 days vs. 3.8 days). Return to full activity was achieved within one week by 80% of the CAS group and 67% of the patients receiving CEA. Hospital charges were slightly higher for CAS. CONCLUSIONS: Carotid stenting is equivalent to CEA in reducing carotid stenosis without increased risk for major complications of death/stroke. Because of shortened hospitalization and convalescence, CAS challenges CEA as the preferred treatment of symptomatic carotid stenosis if a reduction in costs can be achieved.     

Improvement of neurocognitive function after protected carotid artery stenting

Objective: To investigate the effect of protected carotid artery stenting on neurocognitive function with particular consideration of the angiographic filling of the ipsilateral anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Background: An improved inflow to the supply area of the anterior cerebral artery after revascularisation of severe carotid artery stenosis may beneficially affect frontal lobe cognitive functions. Methods: We prospectively included 71 consecutive patients who underwent carotid artery stenting (CAS) due to high grade carotid artery stenosis. Intracranial angiograms and filling status of the ACA pre‐ and post‐stenting were analyzed and a battery of 5 selected neuropsychological tests for frontal lobe function were applied prior to and 6 months after CAS. Patients with improvement in at least two tests were defined as having improved neurocognitive function. Results: Compared to baseline, we found a significant improvement of the Trail‐Making Test A (median 6% improved change‐score; P = 0.01), the test of supermarket items showed a trend towards significant improvement (median 3.7% improved change‐score; P = 0.09). In 32 patients (45%) an improvement of at least 2 neurocognitive tests was observed. Neuropsychological improvement was found more frequently in patients with a contrasted ipsilateral ACA after CAS (88%, 95% CI 77 to 99) compared to patients without angiographic filling of the ipsilateral ACA post CAS (13%, 95% CI 1 to 25), respectively (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Carotid artery stenting improves neurocognitive function in a considerable proportion of patients. A contrasted ipsilateral anterior cerebral artery after CAS is associated with improved neurocognitive function, presumably due to amelioration of frontal lobe perfusion. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Angioplasty and stenting for the occluded internal carotid artery

To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of angioplasty and stenting for symptomatic occlusion of carotid artery. From December 2004 to June 2009, 17 patients with progressive or reoccurred ischemic stroke or repeated transient ischemic attack resulted from the total occluded carotid artery underwent angioplasty and stenting were reviewed. All patients with successful procedure were followed up. Clinic and angiography data were documented prospectively. The median time from symptoms onset to procedure was 23 days (range 3–94 days). Twelve of the 17 patients (70%) were obtained technique success. Eight patients were observed the collapse of internal carotid artery between occluded location to origin of ophthalmic artery after the occlusion was patent. Two patients had clots which were solved with urokinase. The collapsed internal carotid artery was improved markedly in the compute tomography angiograph 7 days after the procedure. No any complications related procedures occurred. One patient died from myocardial infarct and one suffered from ischemic minor stroke in brainstem for a median follow-up of 346.5 days. One of 9 patients (11.1%) was observed in-stent stenosis in the follow-up angiography. Angioplasty and stenting was a potential alternative therapy for symptomatic occlusion of carotid artery. Further study is required to determine the safety of this treatment.     

Early and late outcomes of carotid artery stenting]

OBJECTIVE: Carotid artery stenting is a new approach alternative to surgical carotid endarterectomy. Cerebral protection devices improved the applicability of this technique. In this study, we evaluated applicability, safety and late clinical outcomes of percutaneous interventions for carotid artery stenosis. METHODS: A prospective study included 26 patients (15 female, 11 male, mean age 70+/-16 years) undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting with different sizes of balloons and stents for 28 internal carotid artery stenoses at Kadir Has University Department of Interventional Radiology between March 2002 and December 2004. Ten patients were asymptomatic, one had amaurosis fugax, four had transient ischemic attack within last four months, one had drop attacks, one had headache, seven had the findings of hemiparesis and three had hemiplegia. RESULTS: Stenosis rates were calculated according to North America Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial. Median stenosis rate was 85% (range: 60%-95%). All of the 28 internal carotid artery stenoses were managed with balloon dilatation and stenting (technical success rate 100%). Median residual stenosis rate after procedure was 14% (range: 0%-30%). Asystole developed in five patients and bradycardia in eight patients. Ipsilateral middle cerebral artery infarction occurred in two patients. One patient had intracranial reperfusion bleeding four hours after the procedure. No procedural death was observed within one month of follow-up. One patient died of myocardial infarction four months after the procedure. Cranial computed tomography revealed multiple metastases in one patient complaining of intractable headache and primary source was found to be pulmonary carcinoma. No stent restenosis was defined at Doppler ultrasonographic examinations performed 6 and 12 months after procedures with normal flow patterns and velocities. Two patients underwent control angiography at 12th month and myointimal proliferations with insignificant obstruction (25% and 30%) were detected. CONCLUSION: Carotid artery stenting seems to be applicable and safe procedure but it is associated with infrequent major complications. Results of studies comparing surgery and angioplasty will be helpful in defining role of stenting in the treatment of carotid occlusive disease.     

颈动脉内膜切除术治疗颈动脉次全或完全闭塞的术后再通超声评估

目的应用血管超声对颈动脉次全或完全闭塞病变行颈动脉内膜切除术(CEA)后再通患者的近、远期效果进行评估。方法回顾性连续纳入2005年1月—2014年1月在首都医科大学宣武医院经DSA确诊为颈动脉闭塞性病变,并接受CEA治疗的患者共107例,其中次全闭塞(颈动脉狭窄率95%~99%)63例,完全闭塞44例。记录所有患者围手术期并发症的发生情况。随访采用门诊随访、电话跟踪的方式,超声随访手术再通患者术后1周及3、6、12、24个月的情况,记录CEA术后患者临床预后、血管再狭窄、血管结构及血流动力学的改变。结果 (1)107例患者手术后再通86例(80.4%),未通21例(19.6%)。术后30d内卒中及死亡发生率为4.7%(5例),其中次全闭塞组发生率为4.8%(3例),完全闭塞组为4.5%(2例)。(2)术后1周内再通患者的患侧大脑中动脉收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、舒张期末血流速度(EDV)及血管搏动指数均较术前明显升高[分别为(120±39)cm/s比(60±17)cm/s,(50±18)cm/s比(33±11)cm/s和0.96±0.20比0.67±0.14]差异有统计学意义(均P0.01);颈动脉超声显示再通患者原病变局部血管内径均较术前增宽[分别为(4.4±1.1)和(3.6±1.0)mm)],差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。(3)超声随访颈动脉再通患者69例,时间为1~60个月,中位数为12个月。术后1~6个月血管通畅比率95.6%(66例),6~12个月血管通畅比率94.2%(65例),12~24个月血管通畅比率94.2%(65例),2年以上血管通畅比率91.3%(63例)。结论血管超声可对颈动脉闭塞性病变CEA后血管再通患者进行近期及远期的跟踪随访,判断血流改善程度,及时发现术后再狭窄。