飞行人员和地勤人员前庭植物神经反应的比较研究

对眼震电图示前庭眼动反射正常的飞行人员和地勤人员各３０例，进行冷热水试验、视动刺激和Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ加速度刺激时的胃电图记录，观察比较了其前庭植物神经反应。结果表明：冷热水试验时飞行人员和地勤人员的胃电频率和振幅无明显差异；视动刺激和Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ加速度刺激时飞行人员的胃电振幅明显低于地勤人员。研究结果提示，前庭植物神经反应的稳定性通过长期锻炼而获得；视动刺激和Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ加速度刺激时的胃电     

飞行学员Coriolis加速度刺激时的胃电图观察

目的观察和比较飞行学员与地勤人员在Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ加速度刺激时的前庭植物神经反应。方法在平静状态和Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ加速度刺激时，描记３２名飞行学院经过检验飞行后的飞行学员和３２名地勤人员的胃电图（ＥＧＧ），同时记录诱发性运动病的症状。结果飞行学员和地勤人员相比，平静状态的ＥＧＧ频率和振幅及加速度刺激时ＥＧＧ频率均无明显差异。但Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ加速度刺激时飞行学员的ＥＧＧ振幅及诱发性运动病症状的发生率明显低于地勤人员。结论经过选飞和检验飞行训练的飞行学员其前庭植物神经反应的稳定性高于地勤人员。     

飞行员Coriolis加速度刺激下血浆激素水平的变化

为探讨Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ加速度刺激下，健康飞行员与有晕厥史飞行员（立位耐力阳性者）某些内分泌激素的区别，选健康飞行员与有晕厥史的飞行员各１２名，分别间隔３～４ｍｉｎ间断累加地给与３．７５π＾２ｃｍ／ｓ＾２，５．００π＾２ｃｍ／ｓ＾２，６．２５π＾２ｃｍ／ｓ＾２的Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ加速度刺激，用放射免疫法测定血管紧张素－Ⅱ，醛固酮，皮质醇，胰岛素，胃泌素，结果显示：两组飞行员在Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ加速度刺激     

Coriolis加速度耐力、唾液总蛋白和淀粉酶与晕船敏感性的相关性

目的测定潜艇艇员的晕船敏感性与Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ加速度耐力、唾液总蛋白和淀粉酶含量的相关性,探讨预测晕船敏感性的可靠方法。方法在电动转椅上用Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ加速度连续累积试验测定１５９名现役潜艇艇员的Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ加速度耐力,并测定他们的唾液总蛋白和淀粉酶含量。结果晕船敏感性与Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ加速度耐力和唾液总蛋白及淀粉酶含量之间在统计学上都有非常显著的相关性（ｒ１＝－０．６３６４,Ｐ＜０．０１;ｒ２＝０．３２３１,Ｐ＜０．０１;ｒ３＝０．３５１７,Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ加速度耐力是晕船敏感性相当灵敏的指标,而唾液总蛋白及淀粉酶可作为测定晕船敏感性的辅助指标     

秋千诱发运动病过程中胃电图的观察

为探讨体表胃电图和运动病恶心综合症的关系，对３２名被试者平行秋千诱发运动病的胃电图进行功率谱分析。２０名被试者胃电间期主频则实验前每分钟３次上移至胃运过速；间期主频、胃动过速段功率值的百分比和主频变异系数有非常显著性增加（Ｐ〈０．０１）；秋千停摆后即刻被度者运动病症状明显，结果表明：胃电图可以用来检测运动病恶心综合症。     

21天头低位-6°卧床对胃电图参数影响的观察

为研究模拟失重因素对胃运动功能的影响，头低位－６°卧床条件下，观察被试者胃电图参数的变化。１５名男性青年自愿被试者平躺于－６°床上，卧床２１ｄ。用便携式胃电图机测定进餐前后的胃电图，并分析功率谱。结果表明，头低位－６°卧床初期，被试者出现不同程度的腹胀、腹痛和食欲差的感觉；卧床后体重显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。在卧床８ｄ以后胃电图胃动过缓（＜２．４ｃｐｍ）的百分数明显增加，胃动过缓节律百分数餐前与餐后有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；胃动过缓节律的动力学系数显著降低，随卧床时间延长，胃电胃动过缓节律增多，这提示２１ｄ模拟失重因素明显地影响胃运动功能。     

Coriolis加速度刺激适应豚鼠前庭传出系统神经元活性的变化

目的 探索动物前庭适应产生的神经生理基础。方法 采用胃电图波幅值作为观察植神经反应的指标,利用小剂量、多次重复的Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ加速度刺激,建立前庭适应动物模型。采用免疫组化染色和显微相对灰度分析方法,观察动物在产生前庭适应前后,以及前庭适应消退后,脑干前庭传出系统神经元细胞活性的变化,及其与胃电图波幅值变化的联系。结果 建模成功豚鼠受到运动刺激时,刺激前后的胃电图波幅相近。在前庭适应的豚鼠身上,其脑干前庭传出系统神经元内胆碱乙酰化酶的含量明显增加;但在前庭适应消退后,这种含量的差别消失。这表明在豚鼠出现适应性时此神经元对于前庭终器感觉细胞的抑制性作用明显增强。结论 脑干前庭传出系统神经元可能通过降低前庭终器感觉细胞向中枢神经系统的信号发放的程度,参与了适应性的产生过程。     

豚鼠运动病模型的建立及其客观评判指标

对２０只健康豚鼠进行正弦摆动下的眼震电图（ＥＮＧ）记录，并在平静状态和加速度不断变化的旋转过程中分别进行胃电图（ＥＧＧ）记录。然后对肌注庆大霉素（２５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１／日）３天的动物复查ＥＮＧ和ＥＧＧ，对正常饲养３天者复查ＥＧＧ，最后处死全部动物，用电镜进行内耳形态学观察。结果表明，在旋转加速度刺激下胃电振幅明显增加，与平静状态相比差异具有显著性；当前庭性眼震明显减弱，前庭终器部分受损时，加速度刺激不能诱发豚鼠的胃电变化。结论认为，加速度不断变化的旋转刺激可做为豚鼠运动病的诱发方式，胃电振幅的改变可做为豚鼠运动病模型的客观评判指标，且前庭终器对诱发运动病是必需的。     

高压氧对急性颅脑损伤患者红细胞免疫功能的影响

目的探讨高压氧（ｈｙｐｅｒｂａｒｉｃｏｘｙｇｅｎ,ＨＢＯ）治疗对急性颅脑损伤患者红细胞免疫功能的影响。方法对３４例急性颅脑损伤患者行ＨＢＯ辅助治疗（０．２ＭＰａ下吸纯氧）,观察其治疗前后红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率（ｒｅｄｂｌｏｏｄｃｅｌＣ３ｂｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒｒｏｓｅｔｅｒａｔｅ,ＲＢＣ－Ｃ３ｂＲＲＲ）和红细胞免疫复合物花环率（ｒｅｄｂｌｏｏｄｃｅｌｉｍｍｕｎｅｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｒｏｓｅｔｅｒａｔｅ,ＲＢＣ－ＩＣＲＲ）,以及肿瘤细胞－红细胞花环率（ｔｕｍｏｒｃｅｌ－ｅｒｙ－ｔｈｒｏｃｙｔｅｒｏｓｅｔｔｅｒａｔｅ,ＴＣＥＲＲ）的变化,并与４５名健康者作对照。结果ＨＢＯ治疗后患者ＲＢＣ－Ｃ３ｂＲＲＲ和ＴＣＥＲＲ明显高于治疗前,而ＲＢＣ－ＩＣＲＲ则明显低于治疗前（Ｐ＜０．０１）;与正常对照组相比,ＨＢＯ治疗后患者ＲＢＣ－Ｃ３ｂＲＲＲ明显升高,而ＲＢＣ－ＩＣＲＲ显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论在０．２ＭＰａ下吸纯氧的ＨＢＯ辅助治疗能显著提高急性颅脑损伤患者红细胞免疫功能。     

垂直视动刺激下视－前庭功能的反应特点

在大视野的垂直视动刺激下，观察了２４名正常人的运动病症状、自身运动感觉－翻转错觉、垂直视动眼震（ＶＯＫＮ）、心电图Ｒ－Ｒ间隔功率谱的反应特点。垂直视动刺激由黑背景上随机分布的大小不等运动着的白色圆点的图象构成，视觉刺激是４种运动速度（３０、４５、６０、８０°／ｓ），两种垂直运动方向（上下）。电眼动图（ＥＯＧ）技术记录人的眼球运动。结果发现，向上方向运动的视动刺激诱发的ＶＯＫＮ平均慢相速度和增益比对向下方向运动的显著增大，两种运动方向的ＶＯＫＮ增益随视动速度增加而减少。４５～８０°／ｓ垂直视动刺激下翻转错觉有方向性不对称。不同的垂直视动速度刺激引起运动病的症状不同，４５°／ｓ时诱发的运动病最大。垂直视动刺激中心率和Ｒ－Ｒ间隔功率谱没有显著变化，而前庭刺激（平行秋千６ｍ，３．９５ｍ／ｓ２）下，引起的心率、Ｒ－Ｒ间隔功率谱Ｃ波显著增加。根据视－前庭相互作用调制理论讨论了ＶＯＫＮ和翻转错觉的不对称性，提出视前庭功能的不对称可能是空间运动病的致病因素的一种。     

Tachygastria and motion sickness

Cutaneously-recorded electrogastrograms (EGGs) were obtained from 21 healthy volunteers who were seated within a drum, the rotation of which produced vection or illusory self-motion. Fourteen subjects developed symptoms of motion sickness during vection and in each the EGG frequency shifted from the normal 3 cpm to 5-8 cpm, tachygastria, an abnormal pattern. In 6 of 7 asymptomatic subjects, the 3 cpm EGG pattern was unchanged during vection. It was concluded that illusory self-motion produces tachygastria and motion sickness in susceptible subjects.     

对前庭训练负荷的生理学评价

目的 通过对前庭训练中各项生理指标变化观察检验前庭刺激是否适当,评价前庭训练在提高人体前庭功能适应性方面的作用,以便于在前庭训练中把握训练量,制定和实施训练计划,方法 对10名健康被试者,在不同日期分别进行了线性加速度刺激,连续的科氏加速度刺激和间断的科氏累积加速度刺激,刺激的终止指标以被试者感觉有轻度植物神经症状为准。在实验中对被试者在刺激前后前庭－植物神经反应,心电,血压,胃电以及动态姿态平衡等各项生理指标进行了测试,结果 10名被试者中有1人3项前庭刺激达到达标水平,他在实验中有轻度运动病症状,实验前后动态姿态平衡的测试表明,对于大多数被试者,线性加速度刺激后,前庭觉在维持身体平衡时作用增高;连续的科氏累积加速度刺激后前庭觉在维持身体平衡时作用下降;间断的累积加速度刺激训练,由于刺激相对较重,在动态刺激后的变化个体差异较大。线性加速度刺激后,感觉综合测试（SOT）第2项平衡分显著下降,间断科氏加速度刺激后,此项平衡分显著升高。结论 本实验所设计的前庭刺激训练方法是可行的,训练负荷是可以达到的,通过胃电,血压和心电R－R功谱低频谱百分比的变化可以反映被试者前庭刺激终止时的生理状态,为制定前庭训练刺激量提供重要参考。     

Electrogastrograms during motion sickness in fasted and fed subjects

Seven human volunteers were subjected to stressful Coriolis stimulation (rotating chair) either during the fasted state or following the ingestion of yogurt (6 oz). Subjects tested after yogurt reached a Malaise-III (M-III) endpoint of motion sickness after significantly (p less than 0.01) fewer head movements than subjects tested in the fasted state. Surface electrogastrogram (EGG) recordings at M-III were similar for both dietary states and consisted of a brief period of tachygastria, followed by a period of low amplitude EGG waves. Ingestion of yogurt enhanced susceptibility to motion sickness but did not affect the associated pattern of EGG.     

Systematic investigation of physiological correlates of motion sickness induced by viewing an optokinetic rotating drum.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the physiological correlates of motion sickness provoked by viewing an optokinetic rotating drum. METHOD: A total of 52 subjects viewed an optokinetic rotating drum for 16 min. Subjective symptoms of motion sickness (SSMS) and ratings of over-all sickness were measured during the drum rotation. Electrogastrogram (EGG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram, and skin conductance were measured as physiological correlates of motion sickness. RESULTS: Analysis by Pearson's correlation showed that the subjects who had higher scores of SSMS during the drum rotation generated the following: a) a higher rating of over-all sickness (r = 0.76); b) a higher ratio of spectral power of EGG at 4-9 cycles per minute (cpm) between drum rotation and baseline periods (r = 0.63); c) a higher net percent increase of spectral power in the EEG frequency band 0.5-4 Hz between drum rotation and baseline periods on C3 (r = 0.29) and C4 (r = 0.31); d) a higher ratio of spectral power of EEG frequency band 0.5-4 Hz between drum rotation and baseline periods on C3 (r = 0.31); and e) a higher level of net increase in skin conductance from baseline to drum rotation (r = 0.30). CONCLUSION: The increase of EGG at 4-9 cpm activity, gastric tachyarrhythmia, is the most sensitive physiological index of the severity of symptoms of motion sickness.     

Motion sickness and gastric myoelectric activity as a function of speed of rotation of a circular vection drum

Motion sickness symptoms and electrogastrograms (EGGs) were obtained from 60 healthy subjects while they viewed an optokinetic drum rotated at one of four speeds: 15, 30, 60 or 90 degrees.s-1. All subjects experienced vection, illusory self-motion. Motion sickness symptoms increased as drum speed increased up to 60 degrees.s-1; i.e., symptoms decreased at 90 degrees.s-1. Power, spectral intensity, of the EGG at the tachygastria frequencies (4-9 cpm) was calculated at each drum rotation speed since previous studies have shown a close correspondence between development of tachygastrias and motion sickness symptoms. Power at 4-9 cpm increased as a function of drum speed up to 60 degrees.s-1 and then decreased at 90 degrees.s-1. Power at 4-9 cpm and 60 degrees.s-1 was significantly greater than at 15 degrees.s-1. The correlation between the motion sickness symptoms and the power at 4-9 cpm was significant. Thus, drum rotation speed influenced the spectral power of the EGG at 4-9 cpm, tachygastria, and the intensity of motion sickness symptoms.     

Motion sickness severity and physiological correlates during repeated exposures to a rotating optokinetic drum

Fifty-two subjects were exposed to a rotating optokinetic drum. Ten of these subjects who became motion sick during the first session completed two additional sessions. Subjects' symptoms of motion sickness, perception of self-motion, electrogastrograms (EGGs), heart rate, mean successive differences of R-R intervals (RRI), and skin conductance were recorded for each session. The results from the first session indicated that the development of motion sickness was accompanied by increased EGG 4-9 cpm activity (gastric tachyarrhythmia), decreased mean successive differences of RRI, increased skin conductance levels, and increased self-motion perception. The results from the subjects who had three repeated sessions showed that 4-9 cpm EGG activity, skin conductance levels, perception of self-motion, and symptoms of motion sickness all increased significantly during the drum rotation period of the first session, but increased significantly less during the following sessions. Mean successive differences of RRI decreased significantly during the drum rotation period for the first session, but decreased significantly less during the following sessions. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the development of motion sickness is accompanied by an increase in gastric tachyarrhythmia, and an increase in sympathetic activity and a decrease in parasympathetic activity, and that adaptation to motion sickness is accompanied by the recovery of autonomic nervous system balance.     

飞行人员和地勤人员前庭植物神经反应的比较研究

对眼震电图示前庭眼动反射正常的飞行人员和地勤人员各30例，进行冷热水试验、视动刺激和Coriolis加速度刺激时的胃电图记录，观察比较了其前庭植物神经反应。结果表明：冷热水试验时飞行人员和地勤人员的胃电频率和振幅无明显差异；机动刺激和Coriolis加速度刺激时飞行人员的胃电振幅明显低于地勤人员。研究结果提示，前庭植物神经反应的稳定性可以通过长期锻炼而获得；视动刺激和Coriolis加速度刺激时的胃电振幅的定量测定可作为飞行人员医学选拔、晕机病诊断及其矫治效果评定的客观依据之一。