双对吻挤压与经典挤压技术治疗冠状动脉分叉病变的前瞻性、随机、多中心研究

目的 比较双对吻挤压(DK crush)和经典挤压技术治疗冠状动脉分叉病变的临床效果.方法 311例真性分叉病变患者随机分入DK crush组(n=155)和经典挤压组(n=156),随访时间8个月.一级及二级终点分别为主要心脏不良事件(MACE,包括心肌梗死、心原性死亡和靶病变血运重建)和血管直径再狭窄及晚期丢失.结果 DK crush组糖尿病患者较多.经典挤压组及DKcrush组最终对吻扩张(FKBI)成功率分别为76%和100%(P＜0.001).DK crush术式的不足包括造影剂用量大(P=0.04)、球囊数量多(P＜0.01)、手术时间长(P＜0.001),但是对吻扩张不满意率显著减少(27.6%比6.3%,P＜0.01).临床随访率为100%,冠状动脉造影随访率为82%.经典挤压组累计再狭窄率为32.3%,而DK crush组为20.3%(P=0.01),经典挤压组分支血管再狭窄率高(24.4%比12.3%,P=0.01),而两组间主干血管再狭窄率差异无统计学意义.经典挤压组术后8个月时的累计MACE发生率为24.4%(FKBI失败组为35.9%,FKBI成功组为19.7%),显著高于DK crush组(11.4%,P=0.02).经典挤压组血栓栓塞率为3.2%(FKBI失败组为5.1%,FKBI成功组为1.7%),而DK crush组为1.3%(P＞0.05).经典挤压组术后8个月时无靶病变血运重建生存率为75.4%(FKBI失败组为71.2%,FKBI成功组为77.6%),而DK crush组为89.5%(P=0.002).结论 DK crush可能是治疗冠状动脉分叉病变的较佳术式.     

阿托伐他汀钙对高血压病患者餐后甘油三酯代谢异常及血管内皮功能的影响

目的阿托伐他汀钙(立普妥)对高血压病患者餐后甘油三酯代谢异常及血管内皮功能的影响.方法30例高血压病(Ⅰ级)患者并经标准脂肪负荷试验确定为餐后高甘油三酯症,采用高分辨率血管外彩超检测脂餐后4 h肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(EDF),随后受试者随机分为立普妥治疗组和常规治疗组,常规治疗组服用双克25 mg qd,而立普妥组在常规药物的基础上加服立普妥20 mg qn.治疗4周后重复标准脂肪负荷试验和脂餐后4 h肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能.结果治疗前两组脂肪餐后EDF均较空腹明显下降(立普妥治疗组13.89%±3.28%比9.88%±3.53%,P＜0.05;常规治疗组14.37%±3.51%比10.11%±3.62%,P＜0.05),但两组间TG-AUC,TGPR无显著性差别.治疗4周后两组血压均较治疗前有显著下降,立普妥组餐后TG-AUC,TGPR较治疗前显著下降[TG-AUC(18.84±6.81比10.12±5.38)mmol/L,P＜0.05;TGPR(3.96±1.78比2.16±1.06)mmol/L,P＜0.05],其餐前和餐后EDF较治疗前有明显改善(空腹13.89%±3.28%比17.96%±3.87%,P＜0.05,脂餐后4 h9.88%±3.53%比16.67%±3.35%,P＜0.05),且空腹EDF和餐后EDF无显著差异.常规治疗组餐后TG-AUC、TGPR、空腹EDF较治疗前无明显改善,餐后EDF虽有所改善,但仍较空腹受损(14.86%±2.75%比11.42%±2.65%,P＜0.05).相关分析显示餐后EDF下降值、SBP、DBP与餐后TG-AUC,TGPR呈正相关(TG-AUC相关系数r分别为0.35,0.32,0.25,P＜0.05;TGPR相关系数r分别为0.34,0.31,0.21,P＜0.05).结论立普妥降脂治疗能显著改善高血压病患者餐后甘油三酯代谢及血管内皮功能.     

TAP技术与必要性支架术处理冠状动脉分叉病变的疗效对比

目的 对比分析TAP技术与必要性支架术在处理边支大于2.0 mm冠状动脉分叉病变的临床效果.方法 将患者随机分为必要性支架组和TAP组.入选病例的冠状动脉造影均证实为MEDINA(1,1,1)型分叉病变,主支血管参考直径≥2.5 mm,边支血管参考直径≥2.0 mm.主要研究终点:术后12个月主要不良心血管事件的发生率和支架血栓发生率.次要终点包括:术后8个月冠状动脉造影随访再狭窄率、手术操作时间、曝光时间、对比剂用量、手术操作成功率、手术相关心肌梗死.结果 TAP组均完成最终对吻球囊扩张.12个月随访结果显示,TAP组主要不良心血管事件和必要性支架组差异无统计学意义(13.0%比12.1%,P＞0.05).两组均发生1例支架血栓事件.TAP组与必要性支架组术后24 h操作相关心肌梗死发生率差异无统计学意义(8.7%比5.2%,P＞0.05).两组在手术时间、X线曝光时间、对比剂用量差异无统计学意义.8个月冠状动脉造影结果显示,必要性支架组边支开口再狭窄明显高于TAP组(17.1%比3.8%,P＜0.05),总体再狭窄率两组差异无统计学意义.结论 TAP技术在处理大分支冠状动脉分叉病变的有效性及长期安全性方面不亚于必要性支架术.     

ST段抬高急性心肌梗死直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗与溶栓或保守治疗的对比研究

目的评价对ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的临床疗效.方法将2000年4月至2004年4月入院的458例ST段抬高AMI患者,非随机分为有创组(PCI治疗)205例和无创组(静脉溶栓或药物保守治疗)253例,比较两组死亡率、主要心血管事件发生率、再梗死率以及第2周超声心动图检查左室舒张末期前后径(EDD)和左心室射血分数(LVEF),并根据冠状动脉造影结果,分成单支、双支、三支病变组,探讨不同病变支数对左室功能的影响.结果205例PCI患者中,术中造影显示单支血管病变66例(32.2%),双支病变68例(33.2%),三支病变71例(34.6%),手术成功率99%,共置入支架228枚,术后194例(94.6%)患者梗死相关动脉(IRA)达TIMI 3级血流;有创组与无创组比较,住院30 d死亡率为2.9%vs9.1%(P＜0.01),主要心血管事件发生率为9.8%vs26.5%(P＜0.005),再梗死率为2.0%vs8.7%(P＜0.005);有创组第2周超声检查LVEF水平显著高于无创组[(59.87%±8.32%)vs(54.43%±10.21%),P＜0.001],EDD水平显著低于无创组[(53.02±5.51)mm vs(56.82±7.66)mm,P＜0.001];有创组中单支血管病变组的LVEF比双支和三支血管病变组高(P＜0.01),而EDD低于后两者(P＜0.01).结论直接PCI能及时有效地开通IRA,挽救濒死心肌,改善左室功能,明显降低死亡率,手术成功率高,是AMI获得早期再灌注的首选治疗措施.     

球囊与支架对吻技术在冠状动脉分叉病变中的疗效观察

目的观察冠状动脉分叉病变中分支血管直径2.5mm时,主支血管支架置入同时与分支血管保护球囊低压力扩张对吻技术保护分支血管的疗效。方法选择冠心病患者102例,随机分为试验组51例(主支血管支架置入同时与分支血管保护球囊低压力扩张对吻);对照组51例(主支血管支架置入同时分支血管采用导丝保护)。比较2组术中并发症、术后6个月主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率。结果试验组术中并发症和术后MACE发生率明显低于对照组(9.8%vs 29.4%,P0.05;9.8%vs 27.5%,P0.05)。结论在分叉病变处理中,球囊-支架对吻技术保护分支血管成功率高,有效降低分支血管闭塞、术中并发症和MACE。     

病变血管长度对支架术后再狭窄的影响

目的评价病变血管长度对支架术后再狭窄的影响.方法采用前瞻性开放性研究,选择本院2001年1月至2002年7月准备接受冠状动脉(冠脉)支架置入术的患者.入选标准包括冠脉单支病变或多支病变;支架置入一只或一只以上;年龄18～75岁;有明确的冠心病史;目标病变冠脉目测直径2.75～4.0 mm;狭窄程度＞50%;病变血管长度＜30 mm;支架置入术后残余狭窄<10%.排除标准包括主动脉-冠脉窦口;无保护的左主干病变;左前降支或左回旋支起始点处2 mm内的病变;支架内再狭窄病变;近5 d内有急性心肌梗死史;目标病变处或附近有血栓.按病变血管长度≤20 mm和＞20 mm分成A组和B组.支架置入术后6个月复查冠脉造影,采用Medcon分析系统对造影结果进行QCA分析,以复查时冠状动脉管腔直径减少≥50%作为再狭窄的指标.结果 A组105例,B组56例.两组患者临床基线特征年龄、性别、体重指数、吸烟、高血压病、血脂异常、糖尿病、心肌梗死史、冠心病家族史,差异均无显著性(P＞0.05).支架置入术前冠脉造影显示靶血管病变的部位、类型差异亦无显著性(P＞0.05).术后主要用药基本相同(抗血小板制剂、硝酸酯类、转化酶抑制剂类、β-受体阻滞剂类、降脂药物、钙离子拮抗剂类),两组差异无显著性(P＞0.05).6个月冠状动脉造影结果QCA分析提示病变血管最小管径[(2.29±1.12) mm对(1.86±1.29) mm,P=0.028]、最终管径丢失[(0.85±1.03) mm对(1.22±1.18) mm,P=0.043]、丢失指数[(0.31±0.40)对(0.44±0.40),P=0.041].再狭窄率(26.7%对42.9%,P=0.036).两组比较差异有显著性.结论病变血管长度＞20 mm的患者支架术后再狭窄率明显增高,两者呈负相关.     

冠心病分叉病变不同处理方法疗效研究

目的 探讨应用药物支架治疗冠心病分叉病变时对开口狭窄的分支血管不同处理方法的疗效.方法 入选66例主支血管药物支架置入术后引起直径≥2.0mm且＜2.5mm分支血管开口狭窄大于50%的、于术后6～12个月间接受冠状动脉造影随访的患者,根据分支血管采取的不同治疗方法分成2组,即主支置入支架、分支血管单纯球囊扩张组(球囊扩张组)和主支置入支架、分支未处理组(未处理组).观察分支血管开口狭窄程度变化及主要不良心血管事件发生情况.结果 于术后6～12个月接受冠状动脉造影复查随访时,虽然分支开口狭窄程度在球囊扩张组优于未处理组,但两组间主支血管再狭窄率和主要不良心血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对支架置入后开口狭窄的分支血管采取单纯球囊扩张治疗并没有改善远期临床预后.     

雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架治疗冠状动脉小血管病变的临床即刻效果

目的评价国产雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架(Firebird支架)治疗冠状动脉小血管病变(直径≤2.5mm)的临床即刻效果。方法采用前瞻性、非随机对比研究方法,根据入选和剔除标准,连续入选2004年6月~2007年2月我院行冠状动脉造影(CAG)确诊,首次接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的靶血管为小血管病变且达到完全血运重建的160例患者,根据所置入的支架分为Firebird组(82例)和Cypher组(78例);支架置入后以相同的方法进行CAG,观察对比反映临床即刻效果的相关参数。结果术中全部Cypher及Firebird支架均顺利到达并释放于靶病变部位。两组支架的PCI手术成功率均为100%。Firebird组病变部位狭窄程度由术前的(78.7±15.6)%减至(7.20±10.69)%,P=0.0005;而Cypher组病变部位狭窄程度由术前的(79.8±15.8)%减至(7.10±10.61)%,P=0.0004。在急性管腔直径获得方面,Firebird组(1.76±0.52)mm与Cypher组(1.77±0.53)mm之间无显著差异(P=0.46)。结论Cypher和Firebird支架治疗冠状动脉小血管病变安全可行,临床即刻效果好。     

冠状动脉病变小支架治疗的急性期和远期疗效

目的利用病例登记方法评价冠状动脉病变小支架治疗的急性期和远期疗效.方法对298例冠心病患者行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)和支架术,依据置入支架直径将患者分为小支架组(59例,直径＜3mm)和大支架组(239例,直径≥3mm).观察手术成功率和并发症发生率,患者每3～4个月门诊随访1次,记录心肌梗塞、各种死亡原因.怀疑心肌缺血者再次行冠脉造影,如再狭窄＞70%则再次行靶血管血运重建术(TLR).结果小支架组和大支架组分别有61和274处病变,两组急性期成功率和并发症发生率均相似.10±5月随访中小支架组TLR患者明显多于大支架组,有显著性差异,P＜0.05.小支架组进一步分析发现,置入支架长度＞15mm患者随访期TLR发生率高于置入支架长度≤15mm患者,有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论与大支架相比,小支架置入患者急性期成功率和并发症相似,但远期TLR明显增多.     

经桡动脉冠状动脉介入术后常规止血与器械止血临床效果的对比研究

目的 探讨经桡动脉冠状动脉介入检查与治疗(TRI)术后常规弹力绷带加压止血、专用桡动脉板式止血器和气囊加压式止血器3种方法在止血效果、预防穿刺血管并发症等方面的差异.方法 将连续入选行TRI的3000例患者随机分入常规弹力绷带加压止血组(ER组)、板式止血器组(TB组)和气囊加压式止血器组(TR组),最终合格入选研究的患者ER组963例,TB组976例,TR组971例.入选标准:Allen试验阳性;初次行TRI;成功置入6 F桡动脉鞘管.主要研究终点为住院期间术后桡动脉血管并发症,次要研究终点包括血管并发症危险因素、桡动脉止血时间、纤维组织增生情况、患者舒适度.结果 ER组、TB组、TR组术后血管并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(分别为12.7%、10.6%、10.7%,P=0.262).3组桡动脉闭塞发生率总体存在差异(P=0.049),但两两比较差异无统计学意义.多因素回归分析提示,女性、低体重、手术时间、穿刺次数是血管并发症危险因素.与ER组比较,TB组、TR组止血时间较短[(274±57)min、(265±61)min比(332±54)min,均P＜0.001],术后穿刺部位纤维硬结发生率较低(8.8%、7.9%比13.6%,均P＜0.001).术后患者舒适度TB组、TR组明显优于ER组(均P＜0.001).结论 常规弹力绷带和桡动脉专用止血器械均安全有效,但后者止血时间更短、患者舒适度更高.     

Early Durata Lead Failure Caused by Rib-Clavicular Crush

The patented Optim coating was designed to prevent insulation abrasions on the Durata lead (St Jude Medical, St Paul, Minnesota) and avoid the problems that had afflicted its predecessor, the Riata silicone lead (St Jude Medical). We report a case of external insulation failure 8 months after implantation of a dual-coil Durata lead and consider the potential causes of the failure.     

Evolution of the Crush Technique for Bifurcation Stenting

Bifurcation lesions are frequently encountered, associated with greater procedural complexity and consequently are at higher risk for restenosis and stent thrombosis. Early trials in bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention favored a provisional stenting approach, but contemporary randomized trials have highlighted potentially superior outcomes using a double-kiss crush technique in unprotected distal left main stem bifurcation lesions. Although the evidence is greatest for double-kiss crush, many operators favor a mini-crush or nano-crush single-kiss approach. In this review, the authors describe the iterations of the crush technique and the evidence for each and review general principles for bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention.     

Crush stenting of bifurcational left subclavian-vertebral artery stenosis.

Left internal mammary artery (LIMA) has the best long-term patency in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Stenosis of the proximal left subclavian artery (SA) may reduce flow to the LIMA, causing myocardial ischemia. We report a novel technique (crush stenting) for the treatment of a complex bifurcational left SA-vertebral artery (VA) stenosis in the presence of a patent LIMA bypass conduit. This technique limited plaque shifting, restored normal flow to all vessels, including the LIMA, and avoided devastating consequences of VA occlusion.     

Twenty-Four-Month Update on Double-Kissing Crush Stenting of Bifurcation Lesions

A group of 312 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for bifurcation lesions at 12 centers in China, Singapore, Thailand, Israel, India, and Japan were enrolled in a prospective, randomized DKCRUSH-1 trial. The goal of the study was to compare the double kissing (DK) crush technique with the classical crush stenting technique. This study was carried out to determine the differences in the rates of final kissing balloon inflations (FKBI) and the long-term clinical outcomes. The 8-month results of the DKCRUSH-1 study have been previously reported. Here, we present several subgroups analysis and a 24-month clinical update. The results confirmed a sustained, lower MACE rate at 24 months with the double kissing (DK) crush stenting technique compared with that for the classical crush stenting technique (18.1% vs. 29.9%, p = 0.044).     

New Edge Crush Test Configuration Enhanced with Full-Field Strain Measurements

The standard edge crush test (ECT) allows the determination of the crushing strength of the corrugated cardboard. Unfortunately, this test cannot be used to estimate the compressive stiffness, which is an equally important parameter. This is because any attempt to determine this parameter using current lab equipment quickly ends in a fiasco. The biggest obstacle is obtaining a reliable measurement of displacements and strains in the corrugated cardboard sample. In this paper, we present a method that not only allows for the reliable identification of the stiffness in the loaded direction of orthotropy in the corrugated board sample, but also the full orthotropic material stiffness matrix. The proposed method uses two samples: (a) traditional, cut crosswise to the wave direction of the corrugated core, and (b) cut at an angle of 45°. Additionally, in both cases, an optical system with digital image correlation (DIC) was used to measure the displacements and strains on the outer surfaces of samples. The use of a non-contact measuring system allowed us to avoid using the measurement of displacements from the crosshead, which is burdened with a large error. Apart from the new experimental configuration, the article also proposes a simple algorithm to quickly characterize all sought stiffness parameters. The obtained results are finally compared with the results obtained in the homogenization procedure of the cross-section of the corrugated board. The results were consistent in both cases.     

双对吻挤压技术治疗分叉病变

即使在今天药物洗脱支架时代,介入治疗冠状动脉分叉病变依然是极具挑战性的,主要表现为再狭窄率高,随访期内主要心脏不良事件发生率较高.从金属裸支架开始的多项临床就已经证实双支架术式并不比单支架术优异,主要原因在于分支血管开口的再狭窄率没有得到有效的降低.但是,位于特殊部位的分叉病变必须使用双支架术,这就促使开展双支架术的深入研究.在回顾不同双支架术的基础上,详细介绍了改良后的双对吻挤压技术及特殊类型分叉病变专用支架.