危重新生儿的酸碱失衡

目的 提高对危重新生儿并发酸碱失衡的认识。方法 对405例危重新生儿酸碱失衡类型进行分析。结果 405例危重新生儿动脉血气中351例(86．67％)伴有8种类型的酸碱失衡。其中呼吸性碱中毒(呼碱)合并代谢性酸中毒(代酸)最常见，为99例(28．21％)，其它依次为：代酸85例(24．22％)，呼碱45例(12．82％)，呼吸性酸中毒(呼酸)41例(11．68％)，呼酸合并代酸38例(10．82％)，呼酸合并代谢性碱中毒(代碱)26例(7．41％)，代碱16例(4．56％)，呼碱合并代碱1例(0．28％)，351例酸碱失衡中，单纯性酸碱失衡187例(53．27％)，混合性酸碱失衡164例(46．72％)。结论 危重新生儿原发疾病常引起呼碱或呼酸，病情的发展或不适当的治疗导致代碱，顽固性休克、严重感染、严重低氧血症，消化道出血等引起代酸，严重的呼酸并代酸可导致患儿出现重度的酸血症而致患者死亡。     

极低出生体重儿的酸碱失衡

目的提高对极低出生体重儿(VLBWI)并发酸碱失衡的认识。方法对40例极低出生体重儿酸碱失衡类型进行分析。结果40例极低出生体重儿动脉血气中35例伴有6种类型的酸碱失衡,其中呼吸性酸中毒(呼酸)合并代谢性酸中毒(代酸)最常见,其它依次为呼酸、呼吸性碱中毒(呼碱)合并代酸、代酸、呼碱、呼酸合并代谢性碱中毒(代碱),代碱和代碱合并呼碱未见。结论极低出生体重儿本身极易发生呼酸和/或代酸,当有合并症和/或并发症时,更易加重酸碱失衡。     

糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者血气及酸碱失衡分析

目的探讨糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者酸碱平衡紊乱的类型及发展规律,进一步提高对糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者血气变化的认识。方法对87例糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者入院后抽取动脉血,经肝素抗凝、混匀。瑞士AVL COMPACT血气分析仪检测动脉血气测定值和电解质测定数据,结合临床进行分析。结果87倒糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者中79例均有不同程度类型的酸碱平衡紊乱和低氧血症。单纯性酸碱失衡62例,混合性酸碱失衡17例,其构成比依次为代谢性酸中毒41例（47．1％）,代谢性酸中毒合并呼吸性碱中毒15例（17．3％）,呼吸性碱中毒10例（11．5％）,呼吸性酸中毒7例（8．0％）,代谢性碱中毒4例（4．6％）,呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性碱中毒2例（2．3％）,低氧血症36例（41．4％）。高AG值56例（代谢性酸中毒及代酸性酸中毒合并呼吸性碱中毒）,低AG值13例（代谢性碱中毒、呼吸性酸中毒及呼酸合并代碱）。78例糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者好转出院,9例糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者死于并发症多脏器功能损害。结论根据动脉血气和电解质检测结果可以明确糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者酸碱失衡类型、特点与判断,监测疾病变化,对临床治疗、预防并发症、估计预后都起到非常重要的作用。     

复合性酸碱失衡的判断(附10例分析)

1 引言复合性酸碱失衡系指两种或两种以上单纯性酸碱失衡并存。依据临床,血气分析及阴离子隙(AG),将其分为3大类10种复合。 2 分类 2.1 呼吸性和代谢性酸碱失衡的复合:呼酸+代酸(呼吸性酸中毒+代谢性酸中毒);呼酸+代碱(代谢性碱中毒);呼碱(呼吸性碱中毒)+代酸;呼碱+代碱。     

急性呼吸窘迫综合征诊治进展(下)

<正> 7 酸碱失衡与电解质紊乱 ARDS常并发严重酸碱失衡,多为呼吸性碱中毒(呼碱)、代谢性酸中毒(代酸)和呼吸性碱中毒并代谢性碱中毒(呼碱并代碱)、呼吸性酸中毒(呼酸)、呼吸性酸中毒代谢性酸中毒(呼碱并代酸)和呼碱型三重酸碱失衡(Triple Acid—Base Disorders With Respiratory Akalosis,呼吸型TABD)等。 7.1 呼碱(Respiratory akalosis):是ARDS最常见的     

提高肺心病三重酸碱失衡的诊断水平——附234例次血气分析

对肺心病患者234例次的血气检查结果进行了分析,结果酸碱失衡发生率为88.9%,其中以呼吸性酸中毒(呼酸)发生率最高,为32.9%,呼酸合并代谢性碱中毒(代碱)居第二,为18.4%,第三为呼酸合并代谢性酸中毒(代酸),占12.0%,三重酸碱失衡(TABD)发生率5.1%。讨论了肺心病TABD 的诊断条件,强调综合医院应重视肺心病酸碱失衡的诊断,血气分析应与血清电解质同步测定,努力提高肺心病复杂酸碱失衡的正确诊断。     

联合应用超声心动图与血气分析诊治肺心病的价值

目的 阐述联合应用彩色多普勒超声心动图(CDE)和血气分析诊治肺心病(COP)的重要价值。方法 对51例肺心病之急性发作期的住院患者应用CDE对心脏病变进行检测,同时应用血气分析仪进行酸碱失衡的测定并分型,以后者7种主要检测类型为基础对比分析CT3E心脏异常的超声表现。结果 血气分析主要检测为7种不同类型的酸碱失衡：呼吸性酸中毒(呼酸,31％),呼酸并代谢性碱中毒(代碱)(16％),代碱(12％),呼吸性碱中毒(呼碱,10%),呼酸并代谢性酸中毒(代酸)(4％),代酸(4％),以及代酸并呼碱(2％)。各种类型下CDE显示心脏不同程度的异常表现。结论 两种诊查技术联合应用,为早期治疗肺心病提供全面而准确的CDE心脏异常信息和血气分析结果,指导临床用药。     

慢性阻塞性肺病伴酸碱失衡患者阴离子隙降低的机理及其临床意义探讨

作者对１９０例慢性阻塞性肺病伴酸碱失衡患者的４２７例次血气与电解质进行同步测定。结果显示共存在１４种酸碱失衡，其中８种酸碱失衡均有阴离子隙（ＡＧ）降低，尤以呼吸性酸中毒（呼酸）、代谢性碱中毒（代碱）、呼酸合并代碱时ＡＧ值降低明显，作者并对ＡＧ值降低的机理及临床意义进行了探讨。     

三重酸碱失衡及其判断简介

一、概念人体内环境稳定遭受破坏时,常表现出酸碱失衡,临床上将其分作四大基本类型。即:1.呼吸性酸中毒(呼酸);2.呼吸性碱中毒(呼碱);3.代谢性酸中毒(代酸);4.代谢性碱中毒(代碱)。当其中一种单独存在时,谓之单纯型酸碱失衡。三重酸碱失衡(Triple Acid-Base     

慢性充血性心力衰竭患者血气变化及酸碱失衡的特点

目的　提高对慢性充血性心力衰竭 (CHF)患者血气变化的认识 ,探讨酸碱失衡类型及发生发展规律。方法　对 12 0例 (2 2 4例次 )CHF患者动脉血气参数 (pH ,PaO2 ,PaCO2 ,HCO3 -)、酸碱失衡类型和电解质测定结果进行分析。结果　 2 2 4例次中动脉血氧分压 (PaO2 ) <80mmHg(1mmHg =0 133kPa)者 186例次 (83 0 % ) ;发生不同类型酸碱失衡 184例次 (82 1% ) ,其中单纯性代谢性碱中毒 (代碱 )最常见 ,有 34例次 (15 2 % ) ,其次为呼碱合并代酸、呼碱合并代碱、呼酸合并代酸、呼酸合并代碱、单纯性呼碱 (呼碱 )、单纯性代酸 (代酸 )等。单纯性酸碱失衡6 7例次 (2 9 9% ) ,二重性酸碱失衡 10 6例次 (4 7 3% ) ,三重性酸碱失衡 (TABD) 11例次 (4 9% )。结论　慢性充血性心力衰竭患者发生低氧血症常见 ,电解质紊乱 ,低K 、低Na 、低Cl-是普遍现象 ,发生酸碱失衡常见 ,酸碱失衡类型与引起心衰原发病、诱发心衰因素 (如感染发热、药物使用不当等 )有关 ,低K 、低Na 、低Cl-及代谢性碱中毒 ,往往是难治性心衰的主要因素 ,严重代谢性酸中毒 ,尤其是呼酸合并有代酸 ,可致严重酸血症 ,往往是病情严重的标志。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.