CT findings of cholangiocarcinoma associated with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine the characteristic CT findings of cholangiocarcinoma associated with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. CONCLUSION: CT findings of cholangiocarcinoma associated with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis are important in order to improve early diagnosis and proper treatment. Cholangiocarcinoma associated with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis is predominantly located in the atrophic hepatic lobes and in the hepatic lobes of biliary calculi and is associated with the narrowing or obliteration of the portal vein.     

Paediatric MRCP: 10 year experience with 195 patients

Purpose

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) has now largely substituted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in evaluating the biliary tree in adults giving its high sensitivity and specificity. Whilst smaller series published to date suggests this may be extrapolated to the paediatric population, its routine use in children is still debatable. The aim of our study is therefore to review the utility of MRCP in a large series of paediatric patients.

Methods and materials

All MRCPs performed in our institution were examined for diagnostic quality, spectrum of diagnoses and correlation with direct cholangiography (DC) were available. Correlation with histopathology results and final clinical diagnosis was made in the subset of patients in whom a MRCP had been performed to evaluate the presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

Results

There were 245 MRCP examinations performed on 195 patients and 219 were diagnostic. There was 100% MRCP and DC concordance in the 16 cases where both had been performed. MRCP yielded a sensitivity of 89% in the subset of patients with PSC.

Conclusion

MRCP was a valuable diagnostic tool in our paediatric population. Image quality is sufficiently diagnostic and shows good correlation with clinical diagnosis in conditions encountered in our population, including primary sclerosing cholangitis, post liver transplant biliary strictures, post surgical complications, dilated common bile ducts, choledochal cysts, cholelithiasis and choledocholithaisis.     

Suspected chronic pancreatitis with normal MRCP: findings on MRI in correlation with secretin MRCP

PURPOSE: To review pancreatic MRI findings and their relationship with estimated pancreatic exocrine function on secretin-stimulated MR cholangiopancreatography (S-MRCP) in patients with clinically suspected chronic pancreatitis and normal baseline MRCP findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI findings of 26 patients with normal pancreatic duct diameter and without side branch ectasia on MRCP were evaluated. A single radiologist assessed pancreatic size, pancreatic signal intensity ratio (SIR), and arterial enhancement ratio (A/V) at head, body, and tail of the pancreas on T(1)-weighted fat-suppressed and serial contrast-enhanced images at a single session. Combined findings were graded with a composite score. Serial S-MRCP was performed at the same session with standard MRI. Correlation and differences between MRI findings and associated grade of duodenal filling (DF) or the degree of pancreatic duct caliber change (PDC) were analyzed. RESULTS: Seven patients revealed normal and 19 patients abnormal MRI findings. Significant correlation was present between the degree of DF and mean values of pancreatic size (r = 0.748), SIR (r = 0.610), A/V (r = 0.466), composite score (r = 0.833), and PDC (r = 0.554) separately. PDC correlated with SIR (r = 0.413) and composite score (r = 0.452), but not with A/V or pancreatic size. Significant differences were present between normal and abnormal DF grades in terms of mean values of associated findings of size (P = 0.001), SIR (P = 0.008), A/V (P = 0.019), and PDC (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Patients with clinically suspected chronic pancreatitis and normal MRCP findings may have a spectrum of MRI findings that correlate with the estimated pancreatic exocrine insufficiency on S-MRCP with the increasing number of combined findings.     

MRCP对诊断良恶性胆道梗阻的临床应用

目的 评价磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)对良恶性胆管梗阻的诊断价值。方法25例经病理证实的良恶性胆道梗阻包括胆囊及胆道结石10例,单纯胆囊结石3例,胆总管囊肿合并结石1例,壶腹及胰头癌6例,肝门癌3例,以及胆囊癌2例的MRCP表现进行了回顾性分析。MRCP检查是以PHILIPS GYROSCAN NT 1．0磁共振成像仪并用3D-FSE序列和常规SE序列进行的。结果在所有病人中成功地进行了MRCP检查。其表现随病变性质与部位不同而异,如肝内胆管明显扩张且呈软藤状见于肝门癌。胆总管横行截断,断端形态规则见于胆管上段腺癌。胆总管明显增宽呈壶腹状,胆囊明显增大见于胆总管囊肿。结论MRCP应成为诊断良恶性胆道梗阻的推荐方法。     

Biliary tract variants in potential right lobe living donors for liver transplantation: Evaluation with MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

Living donor liver transplantation is increasingly being used to help compensate for the increasing shortage of cadaveric liver grafts. However, the extreme variability of the hepatic vascular and biliary systems can impede this surgical procedure. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the role of MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in the evaluation of anatomical biliary variants in potential living donors for liver transplantation.     

MRCP在胆系结石中的应用价值及与CT、B超对比研究

目的:评价MRCP在胆系结石中的应用价值。方法:对107例临床拟诊胆系结石的患者MRCP图像进行分析,同时通过胆系结石的不同部位与CT、B超进行对比研究。结果:MRCP诊断肝内胆管结石准确率为92.7%,胆囊结石准确率为94.7%,胆总管结石准确率为96.3%,总准确率为94.9%。MRCP对肝内胆管结石的诊断准确率与CT、B超无显著性差异(P>0.05),对于胆总管结石的诊断准确率有显著性差异(P<0.05),MRCP明显高于其他两种影像学检查方法。结论:MRCP检查无创伤性、安全、对胆系结石的诊断准确率高,尤其对胆总管结石的诊断具有明显优势,可成为胆系结石的首选检查方法。     

磁共振胰胆管成像对胆道梗阻的诊断价值（附81例分析）

目的 探讨磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）对胆道梗阻性病变的临床诊断价值.方法 收集本院81例胆道梗阻患者,用GE Signaxc Excite HD 3.0 T超导型磁共振成像仪,体部8通道相控阵线圈对患者进行常规MRI及MRCP检查,所有病例均经手术和病理证实,分析总结81例患者的MRCP与MRI表现.结果 MRCP对胆道梗阻性病变的定位检出率达100％,定性诊断符合率达95.1％.结论 MRCP是一种简便快捷、安全可靠的胰胆管系统影像学检查方法,是胆道梗阻性病变的最佳诊断方法,可为临床手术方案的制定提供可靠依据.     

急诊内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术治疗急性梗阻性胆管炎及胆源性胰腺炎疗效分析

目的探讨急诊内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)治疗急性胆管炎的时机、安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2014年9月至2016年12月确诊或疑诊急性胆管炎或胆源性胰腺炎的90例患者临床资料,分别于术前及术后3~10 d观察腹痛、发热、皮肤黄染等症状,比较血压、血常规、肝功、血淀粉酶及脂肪酶等指标,评价感染控制、梗阻性黄疸缓解情况以及疗效。结果 90例患者中,术中诊断胆总管结石78例(86.0%);Mirrizz综合征1例(1.0%);胆道、胰腺肿瘤5例(6.0%);胆管造影未见充盈缺损6例(7.0%)。急诊ERCP手术均成功行胆管引流,单纯行鼻胆管引流61例,塑料支架引流12例,金属支架引流1例,取石16例。90例患者,腹痛缓解率100%,感染缓解率90.7%,黄疸缓解率85.2%。治疗后痊愈出院76例(84.4%);好转9例(10.0%);病死5例(5.6%)。结论诊断中、重度急性梗阻性胆管炎或胆源性胰腺炎患者,如预计其可通过积极的内镜治疗获益,尽早行急诊ERCP是安全、有效的治疗手段。     

磁共振胰胆管造影对肝移植性胆道并发症诊断价值的META分析

目的 探讨磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)对于肝移植性胆道并发症的诊断效果.方法 检索PubMed、EBSCO、Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews)数据库、CNKI,筛查相关研究文献;运用QUSDAS-2工具对研究对象进行系统评价;提取纳入文献的真、假阳性数,真、假阴性数,进行异质性检测,合并统计量,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(SROC).结果 本研究共纳入文献11篇,纳入文献均表现较高质量,较低偏倚风险和临床适用性风险.合并灵敏度、特异度、阳性似然比、阴性似然比分别为0.96(95％ CI:0.94～0,98),0.94(95％ CI:0.90～0.97),9.90(95％ CI:6.08～16.12),0.06(95％ CI:0.03 ～0.09),257.19 (95％ CI:117.63～562.30).SROC下面积为0.98,Q指数为0.9431.结论 MRCP对于肝移植性胆道并发症诊断拥有较高灵敏度和特异度,可以作为肝移植性胆道并发症诊断的有效方法.     

Clinical evaluation of further-developed MRCP sequences in comparison with standard MRCP sequences

The purpose of this study was the comparison of technically improved single-shot magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) sequences with standard single-shot rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) and half-Fourier acquired single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) sequences in evaluating the normal and abnormal biliary duct system. The bile duct system of 45 patients was prospectively investigated on a 1.5-T MRI system. The investigation was performed with RARE and HASTE MR cholangiography sequences with standard and high spatial resolutions, and with a delayed-echo half-Fourier RARE (HASTE) sequence. Findings of the improved MRCP sequences were compared with the standard MRCP sequences. The level of confidence in assessing the diagnosis was divided into five groups. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test at a level of p<0.05 was applied. In 15 patients no pathology was found. The MRCP showed stenoses of the bile duct system in 10 patients and choledocholithiasis and cholecystolithiasis in 16 patients. In 12 patients a dilatation of the bile duct system was found. Comparison of the low- and high spatial resolution sequences and the short and long TE times of the half-Fourier RARE (HASTE) sequence revealed no statistically significant differences regarding accuracy of the examination. The diagnostic confidence level in assessing normal or pathological findings for the high-resolution RARE and half-Fourier RARE (HASTE) was significantly better than for the standard sequences. For the delayed-echo half-Fourier RARE (HASTE) sequence no statistically significant difference was seen. The high-resolution RARE and half-Fourier RARE (HASTE) sequences had a higher confidence level, but there was no significant difference in diagnosis in terms of detection and assessment of pathological changes in the biliary duct system compared with standard sequences.     

MRCP诊断胆总管癌的临床应用

目的探讨磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)对胆总管癌的诊断价值。方法对39例手术病理证实的胆总管癌病人术前进行了MRCP检查。结果39例胆总管癌术前MRCP均获得了具有诊断价值的MRCP图像。MRCP准确地显示了手术病理证实的胆总管癌的梗阻部位(39/39,100%)。MRCP对胆总管癌的诊断准确率为97%(38/39)。结论MRCP能清楚地显示胆总管癌的准确部位,并能对之做出准确的诊断。     

磁共振胰胆道成像在先天性胆管囊性扩张症中的应用

目的：探讨先天性胆管囊性扩张症的磁共振诊断，特别是磁共振胰胆道水成像的诊断价值。材料和方法：回顾分析34例先天性胆管囊性扩张症的MR1及MRCP的影像特点，并与手术结果比较。结果：胆总管呈囊样扩张(Ⅰ型)26例，胆总管憩室(Ⅱ型)1例，胆总管及肝内胆管多发性囊样扩张(ⅣA型)6例，肝内胆管多发性囊样扩张(Ⅴ型即caroli病)1例。MRCP影像与手术结果完全相符合。结论：MR1结合MRCP这一无创的成像技术，在先天性胆管囊性扩张症的诊断中有重要作用。     

Pancreatic changes in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: MR cholangiopancreatography and MRI findings

Purpose

To evaluate the possible pancreatic changes and their frequencies in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) on MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), and conventional abdominal MRI.

Materials and Methods

Patient group consisted of 29 PSC (13 male, 16 female) cases, whereas cohort 1 consisted of 12 female patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, and cohort 2 consisted of 17 patients (6 male, 11 female) with non-immune chronic liver disease. Two radiologists retrospectively evaluated the MR examinations paying special attention to the pancreatic size (atrophy or enlargement), T1- and T2-signal intensity of the pancreas, focal pancreatic lesion, capsule-like rim, peripancreatic edema or fluid, fascial thickening, and pancreatic ducts (dilatation or narrowing). The results are expressed as percentages. Three groups were compared using Pearson chi-square test for each feature. However, only p-value for “dilatation of the pancreatic duct” was determined, whereas p-value could not be calculated because of the insufficient number of subjects/sequences for the other features.

Results

Twelve PSC patients (41.3%) had pancreatic abnormalities. The most common pancreatic changes in PSC patients were decreased T1-signal intensity (44%) and dilatation of the pancreatic duct (13.8%), respectively. Increased T2-signal intensity was also shown in 2 PSC patients (6.9%).

Conclusion

Even PSC patients without any sign of pancreatitis, can show MR changes in the pancreatic parenchyma or the pancreatic duct. The etiologies of these changes, and whether they are unique to PSC, are still controversial. Histopathological studies bringing light to these pancreatic changes are needed.     

壶腹周围癌的MRI及MRCP诊断

目的通过对壶腹周围癌的磁共振胰胆管水成像（MRCP）和MRI征象特征分析,提高对壶腹周围癌认识水平。方法对经磁共振检查并由病理证实的20例壶腹周围癌的影像特征进行分析归纳总结。结果 20例壶腹周围癌共同的MRI表现为低位胆道梗阻和连接区的软组织肿块,不同来源的肿瘤在部位、大小、MRI强化、MRCP表现有不同特征,本组20例壶腹周围癌MR I诊断全部符合,与手术病理结果一致者18例（90%）,未明确鉴别诊断者2例（10%）。结论常规MRI结合MRCP对壶腹周围癌有较高的诊断和鉴别诊断价值。     

胆道蛔虫的MRI及MRCP诊断

目的：探讨胆道蛔虫的MRI及MRCP表现，了解其影像学特征，为临床提供直接的诊断依据。方法：回顾性分析50例胆道蛔虫的MRI及MRCP表现，重点观察肝内外胆管和胆囊的常规MRI轴位和冠状位图像及MRCP图像。结果：50例中MRI及MRCP确诊胆系蛔虫39例，11例怀疑胆系蛔虫或结石，清楚地显示了胆系蛔虫的直接征象，并清楚显示肝脏、胆道系统及胰腺和脾脏的情况。结论：MRI检查诊断胆道蛔虫直观、准确、无创，可为临床提供真实而客观的依据。     

Minimum intensity projections of the biliary system using 16-channel multidetector computed tomography in patients with biliary obstruction: comparison with MRCP

The objective was the evaluation of minimum intensity projections (MinIP) of 16-channel multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) data for the visualization of biliary ducts with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) as reference method. Twenty-five patients with biliary obstruction who received MDCT of the abdomen and MRCP without subsequent interventions were analysed. Coronal and axial MinIP were reconstructed from the MDCT-data. The evaluation of image quality and the quantitative comparison to MRCP was performed by two observers in consensus. The additional diagnostic value of MinIP compared with conventionally visualised MDCT was assessed by three independent observers. With MRCP as the reference method, MinIP was superior to conventional MDCT concerning the visualization of the extent of bile duct dilatation (r, 1.000 vs 0.699) and the correlation of diameter measurement (r, 0.979 vs 0.942). Subsidiary to conventional MDCT, MinIP revealed an improvement of visualization of the biliary system in 73% of cases. Concerning the additional diagnostic value, MinIP allowed for a better definition of the obstruction site in 13% of patients, and in one patient a change of diagnosis was observed. Thus, MinIP can improve the diagnostic assessment of biliary obstructions in MDCT imaging.     

胆管炎的MRI表现分析

目的 探讨超高场强MR用于胆管炎诊断的MRI特征.方法 对8例胆管炎的MRI表现进行回顾性分析.结果 胆囊切除术后并发感染性胆管炎2例,复发性化脓性胆管炎(recurrent pyogenic cholangitis,RPC)4例,自身免疫性胰腺炎(autoimmune pancreatitis,AIP)并发胆管炎2例.主要MRI所见:胆管形态的改变表现为狭窄与扩张;胆管壁的改变表现为增厚及强化;与胆管炎伴随的其它异常包括肝门血管鞘及邻近结构、胆管炎邻近的肝实质早期强化,肝实质小脓肿,胰腺形态及信号异常.结论 3.0T MR在胆管炎诊断中可获取更多的病理信息,其中,所反映出的病变区动脉过度灌注具有高敏感性,在胆管炎诊断中是有价值的MRI表现.肝胆胰的多序列高质量成像在相关疾病的鉴别中具有明显优势.