前列腺癌患者血清T-PSA、F-PSA水平和F/T比值变化及临床意义

目的:观察前列腺癌患者(PCa)血清总前列腺特异抗原(T-PSA)、游离前列腺特异抗原(F-PSA)和F-PSA/T-PSA比值(F/T值)变化,探讨其临床意义。方法: 用MEIA法检测121例PCa患者和554例良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者术前及其中82例PCa患者和396例BPH患者术后血清T-PSA、F-PSA水平,并计算F/T值。结果: 术前PCa患者T-PSA与F-PSA明显高于BPH患者,F/T比值明显低于BPH患者,两组间差异均显著(P＜0.01)。术后两组患者T-PSA、F-PSA水平较术前明显降低,F/T值则明显升高,与术前结果比较,差异均显著(P＜0.01)。在T-PSA＜10.0 μg/L范围,PCa患者占33.9%,BPH患者占85.5%,两组患者结果存在交叉。F/T值＜0.16时,PCa患者占83.5%,BPH患者占6.5%,两组差异显著(P＜0.01),F/T值＜0.16时诊断的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预示值、阴性预示值分别为83.5%、86.7%、81.1%、88.2%。结论: PCa和BPH患者手术前后血清T-PSA、F-PSA水平及F/T值均有明显变化。以F/T比值＜0.16作为PCa诊断临界值,可有效提高早期PCa诊断的特异性和敏感性,减少不必要的活检。     

TRFIA法检测血清F-PSA在前列腺癌诊断中的应用

探讨血清游离PSA(F-PSA)、总PSA(T-PSA)和游离/总(F/T)PSA比值测定对良恶性前列腺疾病鉴别诊断的价值. 采用全自动时间分辨荧光免疫分析法(TRFIA)进行检测. T-PSA在2-20ng/mL范围内的患者共86例, 根据术后病检结果分为两组: 前列腺增生(BPH)症组68例, 前列腺癌组18例, 分析比较两组患者血清F-PSA、T-PSA和F/T PSA比值.结果是: ①前列腺癌组的F-PSA、T-PSA和前列腺增生组的F-PSA、T-PSA皆无显著性差异(P＞0.05), 但F/T PSA比值, 在前列腺癌组明显低于前列腺增生组(P＜0.01).②以F/T PSA=0.18作为诊断阈值, F/T PSA比值对前列腺癌诊断的灵敏度、特异性和阳性预测值分别为85%、72.5%、43.6%.结论是: F/T PSA比值测定有利于前列腺癌与前列腺增生症的鉴别诊断; 当T-PSA在2-20ng/mL范围时, 选用0.18作为诊断阈值有较大的临床应用价值.     

联合检测F-PSA、T-PSA及F-PSA/T-PSA比值在前列腺疾病诊断中的意义

目的 探讨血清游离前列腺特异性抗原(F-PSA)、总前列腺特异性抗原(T-PSA)和F-PSA/T-PSA比值在前列腺疾病诊断中的意义.方法 选取2012年10月至2014年10月我院泌尿外科的前列腺疾病患者190例.通过化学发光法测定其血清中F-PSA、T-PSA的含量,计算F-PSA/T-PSA比值,并与100例健康体检者进行比较.结果 前列腺增生(BPH)组和前列腺癌(PCa)组F-PSA、T-PSA均显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01); PCa患者组与BPH患者组差异亦存在统计学意义(P＜0.01).当T-PSA在4～ 10 ng/mL之间时,BPH患者组和PCa患者组T-PSA水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);但PCa患者组F-PSA/T-PSA明显低于BPH患者组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 同时检测F-PSA、T-PSA并计算F-PSA/T-PSA比值明显优于单纯检测T-PSA,在前列腺疾病的鉴别诊断中具有重要的意义.     

血清游离PSA和游离/总PSA在前列腺癌诊断中的价值

探讨游离前列腺特异性抗原(FPSA)和游离/总前列腺特异性抗原比值(F/T PSA)在前列腺癌(PC)和良性前列腺增生(BPH)鉴别诊断中的价值.采用美国DPC公司的酶放大化学发光仪测定89名正常志愿者、85例PC患者和97例BPH患者血清FPSA和TPSA水平,并计算F/T PSA的比值.结果表明正常男性(41～88岁)组血清FPSA和TPSA水平与青年组相比明显升高,老年组升高特别明显(P＜0.01),直线相关统计分析表明,年龄与血清FPSA和TPSA水平有显著正相关性(FPSA/年龄:r为0.49～0.51,P＜0.01;TPSA/年龄:r为0.44～0.45,P＜0.01);PC组和BPH组血清FPSA、TPSA水平明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),而PC组F/T PSA比值则明显低于BPH组和对照组(P＜0.01).血清TPSA＜4.0、4.0～10.0和＞10.0μg/L的BPH患者分别占65.0%、30.9%和4.1%,PC患者分别为5.9%、20.0%和74.1%,经卡方检验,两组间患者的分布差别有极显著性意义(P＜0.01);F/T PSA比值的分段研究显示,在TPSA灰色区,F/T PSA 0.1,提示PC可能性较大(88.9%),而F/T PSA＞0.25时,表明PC可能性很小(6.1%).提示40岁以上正常男性血清FPSA和TPSA水平随年龄升高而增加,并与年龄呈明显的正相关;约30.9%的BPH与20.0%的PC患者血清TPSA水平存在重叠,F/T PSA比值的应用可以明显提高TPSA在灰色区鉴别诊断PC的特异性.     

前列腺增生及前列腺癌患者f-PSA/T-PSA的变化

目的:探讨诊断灰区内血清游离态前列腺特异性抗原与总前列腺特异性抗原的比值,在前列腺增生与前列腺癌的鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法:选择血清总前列腺特异性抗原(4.0～10.0)μg/L的39例前列腺癌患者和36例前列腺增生患者,检测血清中总前列腺特异性抗原(T-PSA)和游离态前列腺特异性抗原(f-PSA),计算f/T比值.结果:T-PSA在(4.0～10.0)μg/L,组间T-PSA浓度无显著性差异(P＞0.05),而(f/T)PSA比值有显著性差异(P＜0.05),前列腺癌患者f/T比值明显低于前列腺增生患者(P＜0.01).结论:应用f/T比值＜0.16为鉴别点,提高了对前列腺癌诊断灵敏性和特异性,尤其T-PSA在(4.0～10.0)μg/L更有意义.     

412例前列腺癌患者血清前列腺特异抗原游离与总量比值及骨转移的分析

目的分析前列腺癌(Pca)患者血清前列腺特异抗原游离(FPSA)与总(TPSA)比值(F/T)的结果及骨转移的特点。方法对412例Pca患者术前血清TPSA、FPSA含量和F/T比值及99mTC-MDPECT全身骨骼显像分为二组进行分析。结果无骨转移组为25.5%(105/412例);有骨转移组为74.5%(307/412)。307例Pca骨转移组患者,共有2907个转移病灶,97.5%(2834/2907)显示为"热区"病灶,2.5%显示为"冷区"病灶(73/2907)。有Pca骨转移组血清TPSA、FPSA和F/T分别是97.9±59.4μg/L,10.2±8.1μg/L和0.09±0.04;无ca骨转移组29.6%(16/54),分别是24.8±23.0μg/L,4.4±3.4μg/L和0.12±0.05;二组有显著性差异(P0.01)。TPSA与骨转移程度呈负相关(r=-0.487,P0.05)。当PSA10μg/L,骨转移率为2.6%;当PSA 10～20μg/L,为10.5%;PSA 21～50μg/L,为52.6%;PSA 51～100μg/L,为92.7%;PSA100μg/L,为100%。F/T比值与骨转移程度呈负相关(r=-0.641,P0.05)。F/T0.15者,有84%的Pca患者有骨转移;F/T0.10者,100%的患者有骨转移。结论血清F/T比值小于0.15者,必要时行ECT全身骨骼显像。骨转移的好发部位依次是盆骨、椎骨和肋骨。     

动态观察PSA和F PSA/PSA对诊断前列腺癌的临床价值

为了评价游离前列腺抗原(F PSA)/前列腺抗原(PSA)比值和PSA动态变化(年变化率)在前列腺癌诊断中的应用价值.本文应用ELISA追踪检测PSA在4～10μg/L范围患者在不同时段内PSA水平,并与正常人进行对照,利用ROC曲线,评价F PSA/PSA比值和PSA年变化率两项指标在前列腺癌诊断时的预示价值.结果表明:前列腺癌患者的F PSA/PSA比值和PSA年变化率与非前列腺癌组之间具有显著性差异(P＜0.001),当F PSA/PSA比值的临床判断值为0.21时,诊断灵敏度为93.5%,特异性为91.4%;当PSA年变化率的临床判断值为0.85%.诊断灵敏度为82.6%,诊断特异性为97.9%.前列腺增生患者F PSA/PSA比值与正常人之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05),而PSA年变化率与正常人比较具有显著性差异(P＜0.001).提示F PSA/PSA比值和PSA年变化率有助于PSA在4～10μg/L范围的患者前列腺癌的诊断.     

联合检测IL-6、T-PSA、F-PSA及F-PSA/T-PSA在前列腺疾病鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨血清中白细胞介素6(IL-6)、总前列腺特异性抗原(T-PSA)及游离前列腺特异性抗原(F-PSA)在前列腺癌(PCa)患者和前列腺增生(BPH)患者中的表达情况,用于鉴别诊断临床上的前列腺癌和前列腺增生患者.方法 经直肠行前列腺穿刺活检病理诊断确诊为PCa和BPH的患者,回顾性分析其治疗前血清中的IL-6、T-PSA及F-PSA的检测结果.结果 PCa患者血清中的IL-6、T-PSA及F-PSA明显高于BPH患者(P<0.05);按照年龄分层(45~,55~,65~,75~)分析的结果显示在各个年龄段PCa患者血清中的IL-6、T-PSA及F-PSA均明显高于BPH患者(P<0.05).在75~年龄段,PCa患者F-PSA/T-PSA明显低于BPH患者(P<0.05).结论 IL-6、T-PSA及F-PSA的联合检测对PCa和BPH患者具有鉴别意义.     

TPSA,FPSA,F/TPSA和PAP联检在前列腺癌诊断中的意义

目的 :研究各年龄组正常人血清总前列腺特异性抗原 (TPSA)、游离前列腺特异性抗原 (FPSA)、前列腺酸性磷酸酶 (PAP)和F/TPSA比值的正常值范围以及与年龄的相关性 ,并探讨其联合应用在良性前列腺增生(BPH)和前列腺癌 (PC)鉴别诊断中的价值。方法 :采用酶放大化学发光法测定 89名正常志愿者、35例PC患者和 82例BPH患者血清TPSA、FPSA和PAP的水平 ,并计算F/TPSA的比值。结果 :4 1岁～ 88岁的正常人血清TPSA和FPSA水平与年龄有显著正相关性 (TPSA/年龄 :r=0 .4 4～ 0 .4 5 ,P <0 .0 1 ;FPSA/年龄 :r =0 .4 9～ 0 .5 1 ,P<0 .0 1 ) ;PC组和BPH组血清TPSA、FPSA和PAP水平明显高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,而PC组F/TPSA比值则明显低于BPH组和正常人组 (P <0 .0 1 )。F/TPSA比值的分段研究显示 ,在TPSA轻、中度升高时 ,F/TPSA <0 .1提示PC可能性较大 (88 2 % ) ,而F/TPSA >0 .2 5时 ,表明PC可能性很小 (4 0 % )。结论 :4 0岁以上正常男性血清TPSA和FPSA水平随年龄升高而增加 ,并与年龄呈明显的正相关 ;TPSA、F/TPSA比值和PAP的联检可明显提高对PC和BPH诊断的准确性和特异性     

探究PSA在PCa及BPH鉴别诊断中的价值

前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)一直以来都作为前列腺癌(PCa)的肿瘤标志物广泛应用于临床,PSA作为肿瘤标志物的最大优势在于其组织的特异性,因此,在PCa与前列腺增生(BPH)的鉴别诊断上缺乏足够的特异性和敏感性,特别是tPSA在(4.0～10)μg/L范围时。本文采用化学发光技术对PCa与BPH患者血清检测tPSA、fPSA含量,并计算fPSA/tPSA比值,旨在探讨PCa与BPH的鉴别诊断价值。     

Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the prostate gland

With the worldwide acceptance of mechanically assisted, ultrasound guided thin needle biopsy of the prostate gland, prostate fine needle aspiration (FNA) has fallen out of favor with both urologists and cytopathologists. Nonetheless, given today's trend to submit from 12 to 18 core biopsies per patient, prostate FNA remains less expensive, more expedient and more economical than any other sampling method so far developed. This short overview presents prostate FNA as a sensitive, specific and reliable diagnostic modality that should not be dismissed, as an anachronism, from the diagnostic armamentarium of either the urologist or the pathologist.     

Histopathological approach to prostatic contour alterations with the concept of left-right asymmetry

It has been suggested that prostate cancer spread has predictable patterns, with prostate cancers known to affect the prostatic contours. However, few systematic investigations have documented the associated contour alterations, especially at a clinically localized stage. The purpose of the present paper was to objectively evaluate prostatic contour alterations based on left-right asymmetry, and analyze the histopathological features and prognostic impact. One hundred and sixty-two asymmetrical contours with left-right asymmetry in the length >or=10%, and 278 cancer foci were observed in 114 radical prostatectomy specimens. Of the asymmetrical contours, 55 (34%) were caused by cancer, and of the cancer foci, 55 (20%) generated asymmetrical contours. Cancer-associated asymmetries showed significant correlations with aggressive behaviors such as cancer volume, Gleason score, positive surgical margin, and extraprostatic extension, although these were not significantly associated with unfavorable prognosis. The authors present basic data relating to altered prostatic contours, such as spatial distribution and causative pathological conditions. Clinicopathological characteristics concerning cancer-associated contour alterations, are also presented in detail.     

Comparison of the haemostatic properties of conventional monopolar and bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate in patients on oral anticoagulants

Introduction

The aim of study is comparing the haemostatic properties of conventional monopolar resection (TURP) and bipolar transurethral resection in saline (TURIS) of the prostate in patients under chronic oral anticoagulants.

Material and methods

Out of a cohort group of 550 endoscopic resections for bladder outlet obstruction, 176 patients on chronic oral anticoagulant therapy required endoscopic resection either by monopolar TURP or bipolar TURIS technology. Changes in haemoglobin, blood transfusion, and clot retention were compared between both groups.

Results

Mean postoperative change in haemoglobin level was –1.21 ±0.92 mg/dl in the TURP group compared to –1.29 ±0.99 mg/dl in the TURIS group (p = 0.603). The need for blood transfusions and the mean numbers of units transfused did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. Clot retention appeared in 12 patients (15%) in the TURP group compared to 13 patients (13%) in the TURIS group (p = 0.828).

Conclusions

Despite promising experimental results of better haemostasis and deeper coagulation depth, bipolar technology does not permit one to reduce the amount of blood loss when compared to patients treated by conventional monopolar technology in this study group of patients on oral anticoagulation therapy. Patients on oral anticoagulants suffer more incidents of clot retention, which sometimes results in re-hospitalisation.     

前列腺特异性抗原EIA试剂盒的研制及应用

目的 建立可定量测定人血清中前列腺特异性抗原（ＰＳＡ）含量的夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法,研制ＰＳＡ－ＥＩＡ检测试剂盒。方法 从健康男性精液中提取并纯化ＰＳＡ,分别免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠和山羊制备特异性单克隆抗体和多克隆抗体,并以纯化的ＰＳＡ为标准品,建立可定量测定血清中ＰＳＡ含量的夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法。在此基础上组装ＰＳＡ－ＥＩＡ试剂盒,对该试剂盒的特异性、灵敏度、精密度、正确性和稳定性等多项指标进行评价。应用该     

前列腺特异性膜抗原在前列腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 研究前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)在前列腺癌中的表达及其与Gleason分级之间的关系,同时探讨其在前列腺癌诊断中的价值.方法 采用免疫组化EnVision法检测PSMA在前列腺癌、前列腺上皮内瘤变(PIN)和良性前列腺增生症(BPH)中的表达.结果 PSMA在BPH、PIN和前列腺癌中均表达.在BPH中,PSMA阳性表达部位在前列腺腔缘或顶端/胞质表达,而在PIN中表达模式为胞质伴胞膜阳性,前列腺癌为顶端/胞质、胞质伴胞膜阳性或胞质表达阳性.PSMA在分化差前列腺癌中多为胞质表达,而在分化好的癌中为顶端/胞质和胞质伴胞膜表达.PSMA表达强度在PIN和前列腺癌中明显高于BPH(P＜0.05),同时PSMA染色强度与Gleason评分呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论 PSMA与Gleason分级密切相关,PSMA表达模式和染色强度的改变对PIN和前列腺癌诊断具有参考价值.     

Ratio of prostate specific antigen to the outer gland volume of prostrate as a predictor for prostate cancer

Objective: As a definite diagnosis of prostate cancer, puncture biopsy of the prostate is invasive method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of OPSAD (the ratio of PSA to the outer gland volume of prostate) as a non-invasive screening and diagnosis method for prostate cancer in a select population. Methods: The diagnosis data of 490 subjects undergoing ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate were retrospectively analyzed. This included 133 patients with prostate cancer, and 357 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Results: The OPSAD was significantly greater in patients with prostate cancer (1.87 ± 1.26 ng/ml²) than those with BPH (0.44 ± 0.21 ng/ml²) (P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the performance of OPSAD as a diagnostic tool is superior to PSA and PSAD for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. In the different groups divided according to the Gleason score of prostate cancer, OPSAD is elevated with the rise of the Gleason score. Conclusion: OPSAD may be used as a new indicator for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer, and it can reduce the use of unnecessary puncture biopsy of the prostate.     

Bipolar versus monopolar technique for palliative transurethral prostate resection

Introduction

The aim was to evaluate the postoperative morbidity and outcome of palliative endoscopic resections for relief of infravesical obstruction in prostate cancer patients with hormone deprivation therapy, and to investigate the added value of bipolar technology over conventional monopolar resections.

Material and methods

A retrospective study was performed on 70 patients with prostate cancer under hormone deprivation therapy undergoing 75 endoscopic procedures, by either monopolar or bipolar technology, between August 2005 and March 2009 at a single institution. The analysis used outpatient, inpatient, and operative records, and observations of electrolyte changes in the serum, postoperative morbidity, and the overall results of palliative endoscopic resections. Preoperative cancer stages and grades were compared with the pathological findings after surgery. Postoperative outcome and complications of conventional monopolar and bipolar technology were compared.

Results

Over a period of 44 months, 34 conventional monopolar resections were performed in 32 patients and 41 bipolar resections in 38 patients. Patients’ profiles regarding age, initial cancer stage and grade, resection weight, resection speed, catheterization time, and hospital stay were similar in both groups. No statistically significant difference was observed in sodium drop (p = 0.802), clot retention (p = 0.565), or urinary retention (p = 0.292). The overall success rate in relieving obstruction leading to spontaneous voiding was 77%. While 38% of the patients had a high grade tumour at diagnosis, 79% were found to be high grade after the endoscopic resection (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Palliative endoscopic transurethral resection is an acceptable and safe adjunctive surgical treatment for voiding disorders in prostate cancer patients. Bipolar technology offers no substantial benefit over conventional monopolar technology.