胶原“人工皮”的特点和烧伤病人创面的应用

应用胶原“人工皮”治疗各类烧伤116例病人,如浅Ⅱ°、深Ⅲ°、混合度、Ⅲ°切痂创面,供皮区均取得显著疗效。经验证明,胶原“人工皮”对创面的粘附力好,能预防感染,减少液体渗出,有促进创面愈合的作用。浇Ⅱ°治愈时间为9.0±1.3天,深Ⅱ°15.8±1.8天,供皮区为13.4±2.8天。Ⅲ°切痂嵌入自体皮片覆盖,平均治愈时间为24±3天,创面胶原“人工皮”没有排异反应。     

人工真皮修复急性创伤后足背皮肤软组织缺损14例

背景：人工真皮具有硅胶膜和胶原海绵双层结构,是最早开发和应用于临床的组织工程化皮肤替代物,主要应用于皮肤软组织缺损修复。 目的：评价人工真皮在足背严重皮肤软组织缺损中的应用。 方法：选择北京积水潭医院烧伤科于2009-06/2010-12收治的14例急性外伤后足背严重皮肤软组织缺损患者,均有肌腱或骨外露。所有患者经清创后,以人工真皮移植,待人工真皮成活后以自体断层皮片移植,观察人工真皮和自体皮的成活情况。 结果与结论：所有植皮成活,创面愈合良好,供区未见明显瘢痕增生。提示人工真皮联合自体断层皮片移植可以有效修复足背严重皮肤缺损创面,减少供区损伤。     

负压封闭引流联合Lando ®人工真皮并结合自体皮移植应用于手足部骨肌腱外露伴骨折创面的临床研究

目的探讨应用负压封闭引流联合Lando^?人工真皮并结合自体皮移植修复手足部骨肌腱外露伴骨折创面的临床效果。 方法选取2017年11月至2019年2月郑州仁济医院创伤显微外科收治的手足部骨肌腱外露伴骨折的35例患者(手部23例,足部12例)。一期先行骨折复位,彻底清创和止血后,使用负压封闭引流装置进行创面床准备。二期行Lando^?人工真皮移植,待创面完全血管化后,揭除硅胶膜,移植自体皮。术后随访6～12个月,观察植皮成活情况和远期外观恢复情况。 结果35例患者人工真皮覆盖术后10～15 d拆除负压装置,支架血管化良好,完全覆盖裸露的骨肌腱。自体皮移植术后除1例因未及时引流而导致植皮部分坏死,经换药后再次植皮创面愈合,其余患者移植的自体皮片基本存活。术后6～12个月随访发现,移植区无破溃,皮肤颜色与周围正常皮肤颜色接近,无明显瘢痕和挛缩形成,未发生肌腱粘连,功能恢复满意。 结论负压封闭引流联合Lando^?人工真皮并结合自体皮移植修复手足部骨肌腱外露创面,可直接覆盖外露骨肌腱,术后移植区外观恢复平整,功能恢复良好,值得推广。     

人工真皮在皮肤撕脱伤治疗中的临床应用

【摘要】目的探索人工真皮治疗皮肤撕脱伤的临床效果。方法回顾性分析广东医学院附属厚街医院烧伤科2008年1月至2013年1月48例皮肤撕脱伤的治疗方法。随机分成两组,对照组24例,予抗感染、改善微循环和换药治疗后,待创面有新鲜肉芽组织生长后行植皮或皮瓣修复术。观察组24例,予抗感染,改善微循环,早期清创、换药,创面有新鲜肉芽组织生长后,外敷人工真皮（皮耐克）,创面有新鲜肉芽组织生长满意后行植皮术。分别观察两组平均住院时间和愈合质量（瘢痕增生情况和关节功能恢复情况）。结果对照组平均住院时间（38．2±1．3）d,有11例由于创面面积较大,用刃厚皮或中厚皮修复的创面愈合后,瘢痕增生明显。观察组平均住院时间（28．4±1．1）d,创面愈合,瘢痕增生不明显或较轻,关节功能无明显影响。观察组平均住院时间明显短于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（t=1．56,P=0．026）。结论应用人工真皮治疗皮肤撕脱伤能有效缩短住院时间,手术操作简单,减少手术风险,创面愈合,瘢痕增生不明显或较轻。     

人工真皮联合自体薄层皮片移植修复下肢创伤骨外露创面

目的总结及分析人工真皮联合自体薄层皮片移植修复骨外露创面的临床效果。 方法回顾性分析武汉大学同仁医院暨武汉市第三医院烧伤科自2010年6月至2013年6月收治的11例下肢创伤后骨外露患者的临床资料,男10例,女1例,年龄为23～76岁,所有患者均行一期扩创及人工真皮种植,二期行自体薄层皮片移植修复,通过评估创面恢复情况及取皮创口恢复情况综合评价治疗效果。 结果11例患者供皮区取皮后表皮再次形成时间为(15.5±2.5)d,一期手术后行二期植皮时间为(18.5±2.2)d;创面移植皮片均完好存活,愈合良好,外观平整,皮肤颜色略深于正常皮肤;2例患者供皮区域出现极轻度瘢痕,1例轻度瘢痕,余8例无明显瘢痕形成,整体效果满意。 结论人工真皮联合自体薄层皮片移植是治疗骨外露的有效方法。     

人工真皮—胶原+6-硫酸软骨素膜的制作及部分性能测定

用酸溶解法从鼠尾腱中提取Ⅰ型胶原,与６－硫酸软骨素近一定比例混合后,经过冷冻干燥、戊二醛交联等步骤制成人工真皮－胶原＋６－硫酸有素膜,制成的人工真皮料透明薄膜,扫描电镜观察其内部为有孔的网状结构,孔径大小在１００－１５０μｍ,性能测定发现该人工真皮与创面具有良好的粘附性,经戊二醛交联后,体外降解速率得到明显控制。     

人工真皮＋负压封闭引流技术＋自体刃厚皮片移植联合修复复杂创面的临床应用

目的探讨人工真皮＋负压封闭引流技术＋自体刃厚皮片移植在修复合并肌腱或骨质外露的复杂创面中的应用效果。 方法回顾性选择2012年5月至2016年5月解放军联勤保障部队第九一〇医院烧伤整形科收治的难治性复杂创面26例,所有创面均有肌腱或骨质外露,创面彻底清创后行人工真皮覆盖肌腱或骨质,配合负压封闭引流技术行持续负压吸引,约2周后拆除负压封闭引流装置,可见人工真皮血管化良好,形成类真皮样组织,完全覆盖外露的肌腱及骨质组织,于类真皮样组织表面行自体刃厚皮片移植修复。 结果26例患者移植的刃厚皮片成活佳,其中24例患者经1次植皮手术治愈,2例患者再次行残余小创面清创植皮术后治愈;随访3～18个月后见术区皮片在位良好,瘢痕增生不明显,未出现明显破溃,外观恢复满意。 结论利用人工真皮＋负压封闭引流技术＋自体刃厚皮片移植联合修复肌腱或骨质外露的复杂创面是一种简单、有效的方法。     

人工真皮修复骨外露创面23例效果评价

背景：近年来有应用人工真皮修复骨外露创面的报道,但其治疗效果尚不明确。 目的：评价应用人工真皮修复23例骨外露创面的治疗效果。 方法：选取北京积水潭医院烧伤科23例骨外露患者,男18例,女5例。骨外露创面清创后,进行人工真皮移植,待其成活后,进行自体薄断层皮片移植,观察人工真皮及自体断层皮片的成活情况和供皮区瘢痕增生情况。 结果与结论：所有骨外露患者中除1例女性颅骨外露部分修复外,其余患者人工真皮及自体皮片成活良好,骨外露创面均完全修复,供皮区未见瘢痕。结果提示,人工真皮修复骨外露创面效果较好。     

3D-SC人工皮肤材料对新西兰兔损伤皮肤的修复实验研究

目的观察3D—SC人工皮肤材料对损伤皮肤的修复作用。方法建立皮肤损伤动物模型，分别用3D-SC人工皮肤材料、动物自体皮肤和油纱覆盖创面，测定动物手术前后的体温，分阶段观察创面的愈合情况和创面的一般特征、动物的生长情况，取材作组织学检查，观察创面的组织学反应。结果3组动物手术前后体温变化不明显，动物的生长情况一致，材料组和动物自体皮肤组的抗感染能力、防止创面出血的作用优于对照组。实验组创面未见红肿、坏死。3组创面的愈合时间无统计学意义。组织学观察显示3D-SC人工皮肤材料促进皮肤结构再生能力强于对照组。结论3D-SC人工皮肤材料质地柔软，有良好的抗撕拉能力，便于剪切，覆盖在创面上与创面结合紧密，黏附性较好；对动物无刺激性；能吸收创面渗出液，防止创面积液；对诱导皮肤组织再生有促进作用。     

组织工程皮肤研究进展

组织工程是目前学术界研究的热点，人工皮肤是组织工程迄今为止最成功的产品之一，已广泛应用于临床。从人工皮片、真皮、复合皮肤等方面对该领域的最新研究现状进行综述，并探讨了相应组织工程皮肤的应用情况，分析了组织工程皮肤目前存在的问题及未来发展方向。     

生物材料创面敷料封闭负压引流在大面积创面植皮中的应用

背景：大面积创面植皮中封闭创面、减少渗出、避免难愈性伤口的出现是治疗中的关键,采用自主研发的新型生物材料创面敷料可以提高植皮成功率。 目的：观察基于生物材料创面敷料封闭负压引流在大面积创面植皮应用中的疗效。 方法：对于60例大面积创面植皮的患者采取志愿选择的方式,分为生物材料创面敷料组、合成敷料组及常规加压包扎组。敷料组患者清创邮票植皮后采用生物材料创面敷料、合成敷料覆盖,其外用生物半透膜封闭形成负压装置,或直接常规敷料加压包扎。常规敷料包扎组植皮后采用消毒油纱覆盖植皮创面、敷料加压包扎。植皮后1周创面的单位面积植皮覆盖率。 结果与结论：采用负压引流能明显提高单位面积植皮覆盖率,单位面积植皮覆盖率生物材料创面敷料组高于合成敷料组(P < 0.05),显著高于常规组。结果表明,新型生物材料创面敷料能有效引流,提高封闭负压引流的疗效。 关键词：创面敷料;生物材料;封闭负压引流术;植皮;植皮覆盖率 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.03.037     

Development of a Wound Dressing Composed of Hyaluronic Acid Sponge Containing Arginine and Epidermal Growth Factor

Hyaluronic acid (HA) has the ability to promote wound healing. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is able to promote the proliferation of various cell types, in addition to epidermal cells. A novel wound dressing was designed using high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) and low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMW-HA). Spongy sheets composed of cross-linked high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (c-HMW-HA) were prepared by freeze-drying an aqueous solution of HMW-HA containing a crosslinking agent. Each spongy sheet was immersed into an aqueous solution of LMW-HA containing arginine (Arg) alone or both Arg and epidermal growth factor (EGF), and were then freeze-dried to prepare two types of product. One was a wound dressing composed of c-HMW-HA sponge containing LMW-HA and Arg (c-HMW-HA/LMW-HA + Arg; Group I). The other was a wound dressing composed of c-HMW-HA sponge containing LMW-HA, Arg and EGF (c-HMW-HA/LMW-HA + Arg + EGF; Group II). The efficacy of these products was evaluated in animal tests using rats. In the first experiment, each wound dressing was applied to a full-thickness skin defect with a diameter of 35 mm in the abdominal region of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats, leaving an intact skin island measuring 15 mm in diameter in the central area of this skin defect. Commercially available polyurethane film dressing was then applied to each wound dressing as a covering material. In the control group, the wound surface was covered with polyurethane film dressing alone. Both wound dressings (Group I and Group II) potently decreased the size of the full-thickness skin defect and increased the size of the intact skin island, when compared with the control group. The wound dressing in Group II showed particularly potent activity in increasing the distance of epithelization from the intact skin island. This suggests that EGF release from the spongy sheet serves to promote epithelization. The wound dressing in Group II enhanced early-stage inflammation after 1 week, as compared with the other two groups. In the second experiment, each wound dressing was applied to a full-thickness skin defect measuring 35 mm in diameter in the abdominal region of SD rats, after removing necrotic skin caused by dermal burns. Polyurethane film dressing was applied to each wound dressing as a covering material. In the control group, the wound surface was covered with polyurethane film dressing alone. Both wound dressings (Group I and Group II) potently decreased the size of the full-thickness skin defect and increased epithelization from the wound margin, as compared with the control group. The wound dressing in Group II was found to enhance early-stage inflammation after 1 week, as compared with the other two groups. The findings in both experiments indicate that the wound dressing composed of HA-based spongy sheets containing Arg and EGF potently promotes wound healing by inducing moderate inflammation. The release of EGF in the early stages of wound healing induces moderate inflammation. This suggests that wound healing is facilitated directly by topical application of EGF, and indirectly by cytokines derived from inflammatory cells stimulated by EGF.     

Development of new wound dressing composed of spongy collagen sheet containing dibutyryl cyclic AMP

Al though cyclic AMP has been considered to regulate cell proliferation, the mechanism of this function is largely unknown. Recent studies suggest that cyclic AMP promotes the proliferation of skin cells in a dose-dependent manner. An ointment containing dibutyryl cyclic AMP has been used in the treatment of skin ulcers and found to be effective in promoting tissue repair. To search more efficacious wound management, the authors developed a new wound dressing composed of a spongy atelo-collagen sheet containing dibutyryl cyclic AMP. This wound dressing was evaluated in two types of animal tests. One is the application of the wound dressing to a full-thickness skin defect in order to evaluate the granulation tissue formation and the wound size reduction. The wound dressing was found to promote the granulation tissue formation and naturally reduce the wound size. The other test was the application of the wound dressing to the full-thickness skin defect, leaving behind a skin island in a central portion, in order to evaluate the epithelialization. This skin island left in a full-thickness skin defect was extremely enlarged. The enlargement of the skin island seems to be related to the epithelialization from the margin of the skin island as well as by the expansion of a skin island induced by contraction of the developed granulation tissue in the surrounding wound area. These results suggest that an atelo-collagen spongy sheet containing dibutyryl cyclic AMP is effective in promoting the granulation tissue formation and epithelialization.     

三种创面敷料在薄中厚皮片供皮区的应用研究

目的观察3种创面敷料对薄中厚皮片供皮区创面愈合的影响。 方法选取蚌埠医学院第一附属医院整形烧伤科2020年1月至12月收治的38例自体皮片移植术患者。在同一患者供皮区分别取相同面积的类矩形薄中厚皮片3处,每处均间隔1 cm,每例所取皮片总面积基本相同,将同一患者的3处供皮区分为凡士林敷料组、银离子藻酸盐敷料组和丝素蛋白膜状敷料组3组,取皮后分别贴敷凡士林敷料、银离子藻酸盐敷料和丝素蛋白膜状敷料。对比3组供皮区创面积血率、初次换药时患者的疼痛程度[数字评定量表(NRS)]、创面感染率、创面上皮化愈合时间、创面后期愈合效果。对数据行单因素方差分析、t检验和χ²检验。 结果(1)创面积血率：丝素蛋白膜状敷料组创面积血率(23.68%)分别高于分别高于凡士林敷料组(2.63%)和银离子藻酸盐敷料组(5.26%),差异均有统计学意义(χ²＝ 7.370、5.208, P<0.05),凡士林敷料组与银离子藻酸盐敷料组积血率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ²＝0.347, P>0.05);(2)初次换药时疼痛程度评价：丝素蛋白膜状敷料组的NRS评分为(2.97±1.48)分,分别低于银离子藻酸盐敷料组[(3.97±1.84)分]和凡士林敷料组[(6.03±1.37)分],差异均有统计学意义(t＝ 4.854、0.873, P<0.05);银离子藻酸盐敷料组疼痛评分低于凡士林敷料组,差异有统计学意义(t＝1.467, P<0.05);(3)创面感染率：银离子藻酸盐敷料组创面感染率(5.26%)分别与丝素蛋白膜状敷料组(0)和凡士林敷料组(10.53%)比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ²＝ 2.054、0.724, P>0.05);丝素蛋白膜状敷料组与凡士林敷料组比较,感染率低,差异有统计学意义(χ²＝ 4.222, P<0.05);(4)创面上皮化愈合时间：丝素蛋白膜状敷料组创面上皮化愈合时间为(8.95±1.34) d,与银离子藻酸盐敷料组[(13.69±1.64) d]以及凡士林敷料组[(11.78±1.43) d]比较,愈合时间均较短,差异均有统计学意义(t＝0.953、1.204, P<0.05)。与银离子藻酸盐敷料组比较,凡士林敷料组愈合时间短,差异有统计学意义(t＝2.147, P<0.05);(5)创面后期愈合效果：3组在瘢痕增生和色素沉着2方面均无明显差异。 结论丝素蛋白膜状敷料应用于薄中厚皮片供皮区,具有相对无痛、抗感染能力强、上皮化愈合时间短等优势,但在防止创面积血方面效果欠佳。     

护创膜对兔创面愈合的影响

目的探讨护创膜对兔创面愈合的影响。方法制做兔背全层创伤模型,分成实验组和对照组,创面分别外用护创膜及无菌凡士林敷料。伤后3、5、7、10、l4、17、21d观察两组创面愈合时间和创面愈合率;并分别取创面组织进行病理组织学检查评估创面的修复质量,对实验组和对照组的创面愈合时间和创面愈合率及修复质量进行观察比较。结果护创膜与凡士林纱布相比能加速创面愈合(P<0.O5),护创膜组在皮肤愈合的组织病理等级评分上优于凡士林纱布组(P<0.05)。结论护创膜促进创面愈合并提高愈合的质量,是创面修复的一种较理想的生物敷料。     

湿性敷料治疗皮肤Ⅱ度烧伤的比较

背景：已有基础实验证明,伤口在湿性环境下的愈合效果优于干性环境,湿性敷料的研究是皮肤创面愈合研究的重点。 目的：观察湿性敷料对皮肤Ⅱ度烧伤创面的治疗效果。 方法：选取在海南省人民医院门诊接受治疗的38例Ⅱ度烧伤患者,采用自身对照法将创面分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组采用湿性敷料覆盖治疗烧伤创面,对照组采用碘伏纱布或凡士林纱布覆盖,治疗后分别观察两种不同处理方法对创面的愈合效果及对疼痛程度的影响。 结果与结论：所有患者均纳入结果分析,治疗组患者烧伤创面的平均愈合时间为(9.8±3.1) d,对照组创面平均愈合时间为(13.1±2.2) d,两者比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.01)。治疗组创面疼痛程度明显低于对照组(P < 0.01)。使用湿性敷料(美皮贴或美皮康)治疗Ⅱ度烧伤,可以使创面愈合时间缩短,创面疼痛程度明显降低。     

脱细胞真皮基质敷料在烧伤创面治疗中的应用进展

在临床上,创面的修复依旧是烧伤治疗过程中的难题,而脱细胞真皮基质(ADM)敷料的研究与应用为创面的修复带来了新的解决方案。现通过检索国内外有关ADM敷料临床应用的文献,归纳分析了ADM敷料的生物学特性,及其在浅Ⅱ度及深度烧伤创面、削痂植皮创面、供皮区创面治疗中应用疗效,综述了ADM敷料在烧伤创面治疗中的研究进展。     

Polyelectroylte complex composed of chitosan and sodium alginate for wound dressing application.

Drug-impregnated polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) sponge composed of chitosan and sodium alginate was prepared for wound dressing application. The morphological structure of this wound dressing was observed to be composed of a dense skin outer layer and a porous cross-section layer by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Equilibrium water content and release of silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) could be controlled by the number of repeated in situ PEC reactions between chitosan and sodium alginate. The release of AgSD from AgSD-impregnated PEC wound dressing in PBS buffer (PH = 7.4) was dependent on the number of repeated in situ complex formations for the wound dressing. The antibacterial capacity of AgSD-impregnated wound dressing was examined in agar plate against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. From the behavior of antimicrobial release and the suppression of bacterial proliferation, it is thought that the PEC wound dressing containing antimicrobial agents could protect the wound surfaces from bacterial invasion and effectively suppress bacterial proliferation. In the cytotoxicity test, cellular damage was reduced by the controlled released of AgSD from the sponge matrix of AgSD-medicated wound dressing. In vivo tests showed that granulation tissue formation and wound contraction for the AgSD plus dihydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) impregnated PEC wound dressing were faster than any other groups.     

负压封闭引流技术联合皮片移植修复四肢深度烧伤

目的观察负压封闭引流（VSD）技术联合皮片移植治疗四肢深度烧伤的临床效果。方法根据治疗方法的不同对32例患者分组,VSD治疗组17例手术清创后应用VSD技术;常规治疗组15例采用传统换药方法,去除坏死组织并控制感染,促进肉芽组织生长。两组患者创面新鲜后,分别移植断层皮片修复创面。结果VSD治疗组经持续负压吸引7～10d后,去除VSD敷料,13例肉芽组织新鲜,移植刃厚或中厚皮片,4例仍有肌腱、骨组织外露,更换VSD敷料,再次行持续负压吸引7—10d,至肉芽组织新鲜,移植刃厚或中厚皮片,术后皮片成活;常规治疗组中10例传统换药后经1次手术,5例患者经2次手术移植刃厚皮片封闭创面。VSD治疗组与常规治疗组创面细菌培养阳性率比较,P〈0．05,创面疼痛,肉芽组织生长和愈合时间比较,P〈0．01。结论VSD技术方法简便,易于掌握,能有效减轻患者痛苦,降低创面细菌检出率,促进肉芽组织生长,缩短创面愈合时间,因此,值得在深度创面治疗上进行推广。     

Development of a functional wound dressing composed of hyaluronic acid spongy sheet containing bioactive components: evaluation of wound healing potential in animal tests

This study aimed to develop a novel wound dressing composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) spongy sheet containing bioactive components. The wound dressing prepared by the freeze-drying method has a two-layered structure: an upper layer composed of cross-linked high-molecular-weight HA (HMW-HA) and a lower layer composed of low-molecular-weight HA (LMW-HA) containing arginine (Arg), magnesium ascorbyl phosphate (vitamin C derivative: VC), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) (referred to as EGF-dressing). A wound dressing containing only Arg and VC was prepared in a similar manner (referred to as EGF-free-dressing). The potential of each wound dressing was evaluated in animal tests using Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and diabetic mice. In the first experiment, each wound dressing was applied to a full-thickness skin defect in the abdominal region of SD rats. Wound conditions after 1?week and 2?weeks of treatment were evaluated based on macroscopic and histological appearance. A commercially available non-woven alginate wound dressing (Alg-dressing) was used in a control group. Both EGF-free-dressing and EGF-dressing decreased wound size and promoted granulation tissue formation associated with angiogenesis more effectively when compared with Alg-dressing. In particular, EGF-dressing promoted re-epithelialization. In the second experiment, each wound dressing was applied to a full-thickness skin defect in the dorsal region of diabetic mice. Wound conditions after 1?week and 2?weeks of treatment were evaluated based on macroscopic and histological appearance. A commercially available Alg-dressing was used in a control group. Both EGF-free-dressing and EGF-dressing decreased wound size and promoted granulation tissue formation associated with angiogenesis more effectively when compared with Alg-dressing. These findings indicate that EGF-free-dressing and EGF-dressing have the potential for more effective wound healing when compared with Alg-dressing. In particular, EGF-dressing has a higher potential for wound healing when compared with EGF-free-dressing.