兔肋软骨细胞的高效分离及体外培养

目的:研究兔原代肋软骨细胞的高效分离及体外培养快速增殖方法.方法:取2月龄新西兰大白兔肋软骨,以培养液配制的0.1%Ⅱ型胶原酶分离兔肋软骨细胞,检测细胞收获效率和存活率.体外培养并传代,观察细胞形态、生长及胞外基质中胶原的变化.结果:①肋软骨经Ⅱ型胶原酶消化软骨基质逐步解离和降解,细胞被完全分离,细胞存活率平均为97.1%;②原代、第1代和第2代细胞贴壁生长呈三角形或多角形,生长融合时呈卵圆形,麦松三色反应呈阳性,第3代细胞逐渐变为梭形;③传代细胞在75cm2培养瓶中培养的增殖量大约是在25cm2瓶中增殖量的2.96倍.结论:①Ⅱ型胶原酶能完全消化降解肋软骨基质,使细胞完全分离,并具有高细胞收获率和高细胞存活率;②原代、第1代和第2代肋软骨细胞具有良好的生物学活性;③传代细胞在75cm2培养瓶中培养,可以减少传代次数而收获所需数目的细胞.     

软骨细胞体外分离培养与鉴定的实验研究

目的探讨兔关节软骨细胞分离、培养和鉴定的方法，建立软骨细胞的体外培养体系。方法4周龄新西兰白兔采用机械-酶消化法，分离膝关节软骨细胞接种培养以及传代培养．倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态，甲苯胺蓝及Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化对细胞进行鉴定。结果成功建立了体外培养软骨细胞的实验方法。原代培养的软骨细胞呈多角形，传代3次后出现反分化。形态学、免疫化学染色显示细胞培养3代以内可以保持表型的稳定。甲苯胺蓝及Ⅱ型胶原染色阳性。细胞传至5代后．出现“成纤维细胞样”。结论本研究建立了简单易行的软骨细胞分离、培养方法；初代、第2代、第3代细胞生长良好，适合于实验研究；软骨细胞5代培养后．细胞袁型发生改变。     

SD大鼠肋软骨细胞的原代培养和去分化现象的观察

目的建立大鼠肋软骨细胞（RCC）分离、培养的方法,探讨其传代过程中细胞外基质及其形态的变化。方法采用胰酶和II型胶原酶两步消化法结合机械吹打获得分散的单个RCC,观察单层培养的不同代数RCC的细胞形态变化;采用免疫细胞化学方法检测不同代数RCC蛋白多糖和Ⅱ型胶原的表达。结果大鼠肋软骨经两步消化后,可获得高纯度的软骨细胞,经免疫组化及甲苯胺蓝染色呈阳性结果,同时观察到RCC在传代过程中细胞发生了去分化现象。结论软骨细胞可以通过传代培养获得扩增,但仅限于四代以内细胞。     

体外培养大鼠耻骨联合软骨细胞的生物学特性

[目的]通过对大鼠耻骨联合软骨细胞的分离及体外培养,观察其生长、表型等一般生物学特点.[方法]采用胰蛋白酶、Ⅱ型胶原酶序贯消化法,从SD大鼠耻骨联合软骨组织中分离出软骨细胞,用含150mL/L胎牛血清的DMEM/F-12培养液原代和传代培养.分别以2g/L胶原酶消化2、6、12 h,分析不同消化时间获取的细胞数量及生长情况.对6 h消化组细胞进行Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色,并观察第1、4、7代的生长曲线.[结果]经胶原酶消化2、6、12 h后,平均每100mg耻骨联合软骨获取的原代细胞数之间有统计学显著差异（P＜0.01）.消化6 h组可以获取数量丰富的原代细胞,生长状态好.大鼠耻骨联合细胞原代呈短梭形、三角形或多角形,有短细胞突起.Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色在第1、4代培养细胞均呈阳性,第7代培养细胞呈阴性.第7代细胞生长增殖比第1、4代慢.[结论]耻骨联合软骨细胞体外培养时属于有限细胞系.培养初期（第4代之前,含第4代）的细胞较好地保持了软骨细胞的表型,且增殖能力强,有可能作为软骨组织工程的种子细胞.     

人骨关节炎软骨细胞的体外培养

目的:对人骨关节炎软骨细胞的分离、消化和培养进行初步研究,并就其生物学活性同人正常软骨细胞进行比较和评价。方法:以含血清培养液配制的0.05%和0.2%Ⅱ型胶原酶顺序消化关节软骨分离细胞,检测细胞存活率;体外传代培养观察细胞形态、生长、增殖和Ⅱ型胶原、蛋白多糖聚集体等的变化,以及用流式细胞仪检测有或无IL-1β诱导的细胞凋亡和周期变化。结果:①消化后骨关节炎组原代细胞活力平均为82%,少于正常组的95%(P<0.01)。②MTT检测骨关节炎组细胞增殖低于正常组(P<0.01),Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化和甲苯胺蓝O异染反应均较弱,传至第4代软骨细胞生物学特性基本消失。③骨关节炎组细胞凋亡率为6.9%,而正常组为0.5%,IL-1β诱导后凋亡率增加了27.4%,正常组只有12.7%。结论:酶二步消化法具有较高细胞存活率、低污染率和操作简便等特点,分离培养的骨关节炎软骨细胞符合人患骨关节炎时软骨细胞退变的表现,能很好的为骨关节炎细胞水平的研究提供最佳实验对象。     

体外培养大鼠耻骨联合软骨细胞的生物学特性

 [目的]通过对大鼠耻骨联合软骨细胞的分离及体外培养,观察其生长、表型等一般生物学特点.[方法]采用胰蛋白酶、Ⅱ型胶原酶序贯消化法,从SD大鼠耻骨联合软骨组织中分离出软骨细胞,用含150mL/L胎牛血清的DMEM/F-12培养液原代和传代培养.分别以2g/L胶原酶消化2、6、12 h,分析不同消化时间获取的细胞数量及生长情况.对6 h消化组细胞进行Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色,并观察第1、4、7代的生长曲线.[结果]经胶原酶消化2、6、12 h后,平均每100mg耻骨联合软骨获取的原代细胞数之间有统计学显著差异（P＜0.01）.消化6 h组可以获取数量丰富的原代细胞,生长状态好.大鼠耻骨联合细胞原代呈短梭形、三角形或多角形,有短细胞突起.Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色在第1、4代培养细胞均呈阳性,第7代培养细胞呈阴性.第7代细胞生长增殖比第1、4代慢.[结论]耻骨联合软骨细胞体外培养时属于有限细胞系.培养初期（第4代之前,含第4代）的细胞较好地保持了软骨细胞的表型,且增殖能力强,有可能作为软骨组织工程的种子细胞.     

兔关节软骨细胞的分离、培养和形态学特征

[目的]探讨兔关节软骨细胞的分离、培养方法,观察单层高浓度培养时细胞表型表达情况.[方法]无菌条件下,从 2周龄新西兰白兔的颞颌关节及四肢关节髁突面削取软骨片,采用机械-酶消化法分离软骨细胞,经台盼蓝拒染计数,将细胞按 1× 106个 /孔接种于 6孔培养板,传代培养,描绘生长曲线.利用相差显微镜及透射电镜观察细胞形态.应用甲苯胺蓝及Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化对细胞进行鉴定.[结果]每克软骨能获取 1 5× 106个软骨细胞,活性率为 95%.培养 2～ 3 d,细胞贴壁、变形,呈多角形; 8 d左右,细胞融合成层.透射电镜观察显示细胞核圆形,有丰富的粗面内质网、高尔基体及分泌的基质成分.甲苯胺蓝及Ⅱ型胶原染色阳性.细胞传至 5代后,出现"成纤维细胞样".[结论]本研究建立了简单易行的软骨细胞分离、培养方法;初代、第 2代细胞生长良好,适合于实验研究;软骨细胞 5代培养后,细胞表型发生改变.     

消化时间对兔纤维环细胞生物学特性影响的实验研究

【摘要】 目的 探索兔纤维环细胞分离培养的最佳消化时间及不同消化时间对细胞生物特性的影响。方法 将20只新西兰大白兔随机均分为A、B、C、D、E组，空气栓死并取其纤维环组织，采用胰蛋白酶和Ⅱ型胶原酶序贯消化法分离纤维环细胞，A、B、C、D、E组Ⅱ型胶原酶消化的时间分别为1、2、3、4、5 h，获取的细胞用DMEM培养基进行培养。通过比较各组获取的原代细胞数量、细胞存活率，以及第3代细胞在形态、细胞外基质表达情况等方面的差异。结果 随着消化时间的增加，获取的原代细胞数目越多，C、D、E组均可获得较理想的细胞数量，但E组细胞出现贴壁不良。5组第3代细胞甲苯胺蓝异染性、Ⅰ型胶原和Ⅱ型胶原免疫染色均呈阳性，但C、D组较其他三组着色更深。结论 用序贯消化法分离培养兔纤维环细胞，Ⅱ型胶原酶的最佳消化时间为3～4 h。     

兔关节软骨细胞的分离培养及生物学特征

目的 探讨兔关节软骨细胞分离培养的方法和生物学特性。方法 从4周龄新西兰白兔关节分离培养软骨细胞，倒置显微镜下观察原代及传代培养的细胞形态学变化，并计数绘制生长曲线。测定细胞冻存复苏后的存活率。用甲苯胺蓝染色和免疫细胞化学法了解葡萄糖胺多糖（GAGs），Ⅱ型胶原的合成情况并鉴定细胞。结果 成功建立体外培养兔关节软骨细胞的实验方法。原代培养的软骨细胞呈多角形，传代3次后出现反分化。形态学、免疫化学染色显示细胞培养3代以内可以保持表型的稳定，冷冻复苏存活率为92％。结论 本文建立的体外培养关节软骨细胞的方法简单可行。体外培养的兔软骨细胞表型能保持3代稳定，具有良好的生物学活性，可用于实验研究，可经深低温冷冻保存。     

大鼠胫骨生长板软骨细胞的体外培养及鉴定

[目的]建立体外培养及鉴定大鼠胫骨生长板软骨细胞的方法.[方法]采用胰酶和Ⅱ型胶原酶序贯消化法对5～8只3周龄SD大鼠胫骨生长板软骨行体外分离、培养并传至第6代、观察各代软骨细胞形态,MTT法绘制细胞生长曲线,Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色,阿力新蓝染色检测各代软骨细胞外基质硫酸糖氨多糖(GAG)含量和结构,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应检测各代细胞Ⅱ型胶原和aggreacan mRNA表达水平.[结果]体外培养的软骨细胞随着传代次数的增加,细胞形态由原代的多角形逐渐变为长梭形;MTT比色法显示,4代以前的软骨细胞的生长曲线近似"S"形,在第4～8天细胞呈对数生长,在第9～10天达平台期,至第11天开始出现生长抑制.4代以前的软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化呈强阳性.原代至第6代软骨细胞的GAG含量、长链分子百分比分别为0.35±0.04,(83.0±3.6)%;0.33±0.02,(78.7±4.2)%;0.31±0.06,(77.7±2.3)%:0.30±0.05,(77.0±5.3)%;0.14±0.01,(44.3±4.0)%;0.10±0.01,(39.3±2.5)%及0.07±0.01,(28.0±2.0)%,显示从第4代后随着传代次数的增加逐渐下降(P<0.05),Ⅱ型胶原和aggreacan mRNA表达水平亦显著减少(P<0.05).[结论]本研究所采用的软骨细胞分离和培养的方法,能在短时间内获得高纯度和高存活率的软骨细胞,第3代及以前的细胞保留了软骨细胞的表型特征,增殖较快,这一方法为更深入地从细胞水平研究儿童的生长提供了可靠有效的模式.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.