藻酸双酯钠对豚鼠心室肌细胞离子电流的作用

目的:观察藻酸双酯钠(Polysaccharide sulfate,PSS)对豚鼠单个心室肌细胞离子流的影响。方法:采用Ⅰ型胶原酶分离单个豚鼠心室肌细胞的方法,利用全细胞膜片箝记录技术,在不同箝制条件下,记录并分析了PSS对L-型Ca2+电流(ICa,L)、内向整流K+电流(IK1)的影响。结果:①PSS使ICa,L的激活时间常数变大,电流幅度减小,Ⅰ-Ⅴ曲线上移。在箝制电位为+10 mV时,PSS在6-9 min内使ICa,L的激活时间常数从(0.92±0.10)ms增加到了(1.15±0.11)ms(n=5,P<0.052);ICa,L的电流幅度从(16.80±1.71)pA/pF下降至(13.86±1.67)pA/pF(n=5,P<0.01)。②PSS可使IK1的内向成分和外向成分均增加。当箝制电位在-170 mV时,PSS能使IK1内向电流幅度从(224±16.17)pA／pF增加至(257±17.36)pA／pF(n=7,P<0.01);箝制电位在-50 mV时,PSS使IK1的外向电流幅度从(8.89±0.86)pA／pF增加至(10.38±1.18)pA／pF(n=7,P<0.05)。在反转电位附近时(-70--120 mV),PSS的作用不明显。PSS能使IK1的激活时间常数减小,当箝制电位在-160 mV时,激活时间常数从加药前的(1.05±0.11)ms减小到了加药后的(0.78±0.90)ms(n=7,P<0.01);同时,IK1的电导值变大,从(2.53±0.17)nS／pF增加到了(2.82 ±0.20)nS／pF(n=7,P<0.05)。结论:PSS对L-型Ca2+电流有抑制作用,对内向整?     

鹌鹑心室肌细胞电生理特性的研究

目的　建立鹌鹑单个心室肌细胞的分离方法 ,观察鹌鹑心室肌细胞的电生理特性 ,并探讨不同离子通道在鹌鹑心肌电活动中的作用。方法　采用酶解法分离单个心室肌细胞 ,应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录心室肌细胞动作电位和L型钙电流。结果　鹌鹑单个心室肌细胞的静息电位 (RP)为 ( 6 2 .2 8± 2 .6 4 )mV ,超射值 (OS)为 (5 9.38±3.81 )mV ,5 0 %复极时间 (APD50 )和 90 %复极时间 (APD90 )分别为 (80 .4 0± 1 9.1 0 )ms和 (1 2 1 .95± 38.72 )ms。在实验电压 +1 0mV时 ,L型钙电流的峰值为 ( 1 3.2 7± 3.70 )pA pF(n =4 )。结论　鹌鹑心室肌细胞上存在着L型钙电流 ,此电流为构成鹌鹑心室肌细胞动作电位的重要电流之一     

甲醇对豚鼠单个心室肌细胞动作电位的影响

目的　研究甲醇对正常豚鼠心室肌细胞跨膜动作电位影响 ,旨在探讨甲醇对心肌细胞的电生理作用。方法　酶解法分离豚鼠单个心室肌细胞 ,应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录甲醇对豚鼠单个心室肌细胞动作电位的影响。结果　应用 0 .2 %甲醇使豚鼠单个心室肌细胞动作电位复极 5 0 %时程 (APD50 )从给药前 (12 92 .6 8± 2 98.0 3)ms缩短到 (75 0 .2 5± 6 8.0 5 )ms (n =6 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;动作电位复极 90 %时程 (APD90 )从给药前 (132 8.13± 2 89.91)ms缩短到(783.2 5± 6 3.4 4 )ms (n =6 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;动作电位幅度 (APA)从给药前 (12 6 .35± 3.2 0 )mV减少到 (113.2 0± 6 .0 8)mV(n =6 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　甲醇降低动作电位幅度 ,缩短动作电位时程 ,影响心肌正常工作 ,可能与它对心肌细胞钾通道的作用有关。     

α1-肾上腺素受体对正常大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向钾电流的调控作用

【目的】研究α_1-肾上腺素受体激活对正常大鼠左心室肌细胞瞬间外向钾电流(I_(to))的作用及其信号调节途径,探讨α_1-肾上腺素受体激活引起室性心律失常的细胞离子机制。【方法】用酶解法分离Wistar大鼠单个左心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录方法记录I_(to)。观察0、10、100和1000μmol/L苯肾上腺素(n=10个细胞)对心室肌细胞I_(to)的作用,并观察α_1-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂哌唑嗪(n=10个细胞)和磷脂酶C(PLC)拮抗剂U-73122(n=8个细胞)对其作用的影响。【结果】苯肾上腺素明显抑制I_(to),其作用呈浓度依赖性,分别为(12.6±6.2)pA/pF、(11.1±5.0)pA/pF、(8.6±3.8)pA/pF和(7.9±5.1)pA/pF,分别较0浓度时减少14％、32％和37％,而对电流特性无明显影响。哌唑嗪和U-73122均能完全抑制苯肾上腺素对I_(to)的作用。【结论】α1-肾上腺素受体的激活抑制了心室肌细胞的I_(to),其作用是通过PLC途径调节的。     

哇巴因诱发大鼠心律失常作用靶点的研究

目的　观察哇巴因对大鼠心室肌细胞动作电位时程、钾通道的作用 ,探讨哇巴因诱发心律失常的作用机制 ,为寻找新的抗心律失常药物提供依据。方法　应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录哇巴因对大鼠心肌细胞动作电位时程 (APD)、内向整流钾电流 (Ik1 )、瞬时外向钾电流 (Ito)的作用。结果　①哇巴因 5μmol/L使大鼠心室肌细胞动作电位时程从给药前的 86 .3ms± 2 5 .2ms(APD90 ) ,缩短至 58.9ms± 2 0 .8ms(n =5 ,P <0 .0 1 ,给药 1 0min) ;②哇巴因 5μmol/L可增加大鼠心室肌细胞内向整流钾电流 ,使Ik1 从 - 1 868pA± 1 88pA增加到 - 2 393pA± 367pA(刺激电压 - 1 2 0mV ,n=1 0 ,P <0 .0 1 ) ;③哇巴因 5μmol/L可增加大鼠心室肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流 ,使Ito从 1 2 73pA± 31 8pA增加到 1 70 7pA± 486pA(刺激电压 +60mV ,n =5 ,P <0 .0 1 )。结论　哇巴因诱发室性心律失常可能与它缩短心室肌细胞动作电位时程有关 ,而Ito的增加使二期平台期缩短 ,Ik1 的增加使三期复极加快 ,均参与了动作电位时程缩短的过程。同时增加Ik1 将影响静息膜电位 ,可能使膜反应性增强     

慢性低氧对大鼠膈肌细胞L型钙通道电流的影响

目的　研究慢性低氧对急性分离的大鼠膈肌细胞L型钙通道电流的影响。方法　采用标准的全细胞膜片钳 (wholecellpatchclamp)技术 ,记录并比较正常对照组与慢性低氧组大鼠单个膈肌细胞的膜电容 ,L型钙电流的峰值和电流 电压关系曲线。结果　正常对照组与慢性低氧组大鼠单个膈肌细胞的膜电容分别为 (15 0 0± 12 6 )pF和(174 0± 13 3)pF ,低氧组显著大于正常对照组 (P <0 0 5 ,n =6 ) ;L型钙电流的峰值分别为 (- 1 0 5± 0 19)nA和(- 0 97± 0 16 )nA ,两组之间无显著差异。当膜电位处于 - 2 0～ +40mV时 ,慢性低氧组大鼠单个膈肌细胞的L型钙电流密度 [(- 5 6± 0 8)pA/pF]较正常对照组 [(- 7 0± 1 4 )pA/pF]显著下降 (P <0 0 5 ,n =6 )。结论　慢性低氧能使大鼠单个膈肌细胞的膜电容增加 ,L型钙电流的幅度不变 ,因此L型钙电流密度下降。L型钙电流密度下降可能是慢性缺氧时膈肌发生疲劳的重要机制之一     

槲寄生黄酮苷对大鼠心室肌细胞钾离子通道的作用

目的观察槲寄生黄酮苷对大鼠心室肌细胞钾离子通道的作用,探讨槲寄生黄酮苷抗心律失常作用机制。方法应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录槲寄生黄酮苷对大鼠单个心室肌细胞内向整流钾电流(IK1)、瞬时外向钾电流(Ito)的影响。结果应用50μg/ml和250μg/ml两种浓度的槲寄生黄酮苷分别使大鼠单个心室肌细胞内向整流钾电流(IK1)在实验电压-120mV时从给药前(-26.23±9.52)pA/pF减少到(-20.82±7.88)pA/pF,(-18.11±7.89)pA/pF(n=7,P<0.05);使大鼠心室肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流(Ito)在实验电压+50mV时,从给药前(26.14±6.67)pA/pF减少到(16.41±6.23)pA/pF,(13.25±3.78)pA/pF(n=4,P<0.05)。结论槲寄生黄酮苷抑制大鼠心室肌细胞IK1,Ito可能是其抗心律失常作用的一个机制。     

银杏叶提取物对家兔心室肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流和动作电位的影响

目的:探讨银杏叶提取物(Egb761)对家兔心室肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流(Ito)和动作电位的作用,揭示其抗心肌缺血及缺血引起的心律失常的离子机制。方法:酶解法分离家兔的心室肌细胞。全细胞膜片钳技术记录心肌细胞的Ito和动作电位及其被Egb761作用后的变化。结果:①在电压钳制方式下,60μg/L Egb761作用心室肌细胞5 min后,各个钳制电位下的Ito均明显增大,在钳制电位为+50 mV时,Egb761使Ito的电流密度由对照组的(7.59±0.19)pA/pF增加到(11.18±0.89)pA/pF(P<0.01,n=8),Egb761还使Ito的I-V曲线比对照组Ito的I-V明显抬高,但I-V曲线方向没有发生改变,表明Egb761引起了心肌细胞Ito的明显外流。②在电流钳制下,对照组心室肌细胞动作电位都具有从0期到4期的动作电位形态,60μg/L Egb761使心肌细胞动作电位形态呈三角形尖锥锋形,动作电位时程(APD)明显缩短,其复极化50%时程(APD50)和复极化90%时程(APD90)分别由(83.6±4.3)ms缩短为(51.3±3.2)ms和由(168.7±4.1)ms缩短为(93.8±4.4)ms(分别与对照组相比,P<0.01,n=8),尽管Egb761使动作电位幅度(APA)和静息电位(RP)降低,但与对照组相比,没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:Egb761可使心室肌细胞Ito显著增加和APD明显缩短,从而减轻心肌缺血时细胞内阳离子超载对心肌造成的损伤和心肌缺血引起的心律失常的发生,以及增加心脏泵血功能。     

丹皮酚对豚鼠心肌细胞动作电位及钙通道电流的影响

目的 :研究丹皮酚对分离的单个豚鼠心肌细胞动作电位及钙通道电流 (ICa)的影响。方法 :单个细胞膜片钳技术。结果 :①丹皮酚 40 0 μg/ml可使动作电位时程 (APD)明显缩短。APD50 和APD90 分别由给药前的 (35 2±2 7)ms和 (416± 33)ms缩短至 (16 8± 2 0 )ms和 (2 6 5± 2 3)ms(P <0 .0 5 ,n =5 ) ,分别缩短了 5 2 .2 %和 35 .6 % ,而静息电位和动作电位幅值无明显改变 ;② 5 0～ 40 0 μg/ml丹皮酚浓度依赖性阻滞ICa,使其最大峰值由 (916 .7± 197.3)pA分别降至 (5 83 .3± 10 8.8)pA和 (2 5 0 .0± 12 0 .0 )pA(P <0 .0 1) ,抑制率分别为 36 .4%和 72 .7% ,并使ICa的I V曲线上移 ,但不使I V曲线发生偏移。结论 :丹皮酚对ICa的阻滞作用为其抗心律失常作用的主要机制之一     

抗心律失常药物作用的新靶点

目的　寻找抗心律失常药物作用的新靶点。方法　应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录乌头碱对大鼠心肌细胞动作电位时程的作用 ,分别给予奎尼丁、维拉帕米处理比较二者对动作电位时程的影响。结果　①应用 1μmol·L- 1乌头碱使大鼠单个心肌细胞动作电位复极 5 0 %时程 (APD50 )从给药前 (5 7.2 5± 13.85 )ms增加到 (70 .5 1± 12 .4 4 )ms(n =8,P <0 .0 1) ,动作电位复极 90 %时程 (APD90 )从给药前 (86 .2 5± 2 4 .92 )ms增加到 (114 .12± 6 .81)ms(n =8,P <0 .0 5 )。② 10 μmol·L- 1 奎尼丁使乌头碱处理的大鼠心肌细胞APD50 进一步延长至 (111.6 3± 37.2 4 )ms(n =4 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,使APD90 延长至 (2 0 1.75± 6 9.75 )ms(n =4 ,P <0 .0 1)。③ 10 μmol·L- 1 维拉帕米使乌头碱诱发的动作电位延长有所恢复 ,APD50 缩短至 (5 1.6 3± 15 .11)ms(n =4 ,P <0 .0 1) ,APD90 缩短至 (91.2 5± 11.0 6 )ms(n =4 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　使动作电位时程延长将诱发心律失常 ,使动作电位时程恢复近正常是抗心律失常药物作用的新靶点。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.