细胞周期素D1与甲状旁腺肿瘤

细胞周期素D1(Cyclin-D1)是与甲状旁腺肿瘤发生有关的重要分子之一。Cyclin-D1基因表达与调控在甲状旁腺肿瘤的发生中起重要作用。Cyclin-D1的表达与调控有转录水平与转录后水平两种,其影响甲状旁腺肿瘤发生的具体机制一直是研究的热点。Cyclin-D1基因的研究对甲状旁腺肿瘤的诊断治疗和提示预后有重要意义     

细胞周期素D1,Rb及p16在早期胃癌中的表达及意义

目的 观察细胞周期素Ｄ１、Ｒｂ及ｐ１６在早期胃癌发生中的作用及相互关系。方法 采用免疫组化ＳＰ法对３９例早期胃癌癌旁肠化组织及３４例非癌胃粘膜肠化组织进行对比研究。结果 癌组织中３３／３９例（８４．６％）显示细胞周期素Ｄ１过度表达,癌旁肠化组织也显示细胞周期素Ｄ１过度表达。１２／３９例ｐ１６表达阴性,３例中弱阳性。２６例Ｒｂ阳性的肿瘤中,１５例显示ｐ１６不表达或低表达,而９例Ｒｂ阴性的肿瘤中则ｐ１６显示表达增高。结论 细胞周期素Ｄ１是早期胃部发生过程中常见的分子异常,细胞周期素Ｄ１的激活及Ｒｂ的失活在早期胃癌中可共同存在;Ｒｂ失活与ｐ１６表达之间存在负相关关系;早期早胃癌的发生可能与细胞周期素Ｄ１、ｐ１６及Ｒｂ负反馈调节环路的异常有关。     

肝外胆管癌组织中细胞周期素D1、CDK4、Rb和p16的表达及其意义

细胞周期素Ｄ1 (ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ1 )癌基因、视网膜母细胞瘤易感基因 (Ｒｂ)和 ｐ1 6抑癌基因均为细胞周期蛋白调控基因。细胞周期素依赖激酶 (ｃｙｃｌｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｋｉｎａｓｅ4,ＣＤＫ4)介导影响细胞的增殖和分化[1 ] 。我们应用免疫组织化学方法研究肝外胆管癌组织中ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ1 、ＣＤＫ4、Ｒｂｐ1 6的表达特征及其意义 ,从而探讨它们与肝外胆管癌之间的关系 ,现将结果报道如下。一、材料与方法1 .标本 :收集近 1 0年肝外胆管癌手术标本 42例 ,其中男 2 0例 ,女 2 2例 ,临床记录和 /或病理记录有转移者1 7例 ( 4 0 .5% ) …     

细胞周期素D1、p16、Rb蛋白在骨肉瘤中的表达及其意义

我们应用免疫组织化学方法 ,检测43例骨肉瘤和 15例骨软骨瘤手术标本中细胞周期素Ｄ1(ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ1)、ｐ16、Ｒｂ蛋白的表达 ,探讨 3种基因表达在骨肉瘤发生发展中的意义 ,现报道如下。一、材料和方法1.标本 :中国医科大学附属第一、二医院骨科 1986～ 1998年手术切除骨肉瘤标本 43例 ,按细胞相对分化程度分为 :高分化 9例 ,低分化 34例。良性骨软骨瘤 15例。全部 5 8例标本均不伴有其他部位肿瘤。均经体积分数为10 %甲醛常规固定、脱水透明、石蜡包埋。经常规苏木精 伊红 (ＨＥ)染色 ,重新确诊分级后 ,进行免疫组织化学染色。2 .主要试…     

膀胱癌中CDK4和细胞周期素D1表达的意义

我们采用免疫组织化学方法检测细胞周期依赖性激酶 (ＣＤＫ) 4和细胞周期素 (ｃｙｃｌｉｎ)Ｄ1在正常膀胱粘膜和膀胱癌组织中的表达并探讨其与细胞增殖之间关系及其临床意义 ,现将结果报道如下。一、材料与方法1.组织标本 :膀胱移行细胞癌病人72例 ,年龄 2 9～ 78岁。其中男 5 6例 ,女 16例。 6 4例行肿瘤切除或膀胱部分切除 ,8例行全膀胱切除。按ＷＨＯ分级标准 :Ⅰ级 2 0例 ,Ⅱ级 31例 ,Ⅲ级2 1例。按国际联合抗癌协会分期 :Ｔ0～Ｔ1期 46例、Ｔ2 ～Ｔ4 期 2 6例。 6 1例获随访 1年以上 ,复发 15例。 16例正常膀胱粘膜作为对照 ,其中 12例…     

肝癌中p27、细胞周期素D1和细胞周期素E的表达及其意义

本研究采用免疫组织化学方法分别检测肝癌组织、癌旁组织、正常肝组织中p2 7、细胞周期素D1和细胞周期素E蛋白的表达 ,并进而探讨这些蛋白与肿瘤临床病理特征的关系。一、材料与方法1.临床资料 :选取重庆医科大学附属第一医院普外科 1997年 10月～ 2 0 0 0年 10月间经手术治疗的肝癌患者 5 0例 ,其中男 40例 ,女 10例 ,年龄 2 6～ 74岁 ,平均年龄 49岁。 2 2例癌旁组织取自肝癌患者术后标本 ,要求距癌块边缘至少 5cm ,9例正常肝组织来源于肝血管瘤术后标本。所有患者术前均未接收放疗和化疗 ,肿瘤部位、大小、大体类型等情况按手术时记录。…     

细胞周期素D1及相关基因在胆管癌中的进展

细胞周期素D1（cyclin D1）在肿瘤中的作用日益受到人们的重视,本文研究cyclin D1及其相关基因其在胆管癌中的作用.     

多肿瘤抑制基因（MTS1）的发现与研究进展

多肿瘤抑制基因ＭＴＳ１（Ｐ１６）是１９９４年初发现的新型抑癌基因。据统计，约有７５％的癌细胞株有Ｐ１６基因的缺失与突变。Ｐ１６基因仅抑制ＣＤＫ４，对细胞周期有直接的调控作用。作为一种新型抑癌基因，Ｐ１６基因较小，易于操作，在肿瘤的基因治疗方面有广阔的应用前景。     

Cyclin D1在肝细胞癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨Cyclin D1在肝细胞癌（HCC）组织中的表达及其意义。方法采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测50例HCC组织、20例正常肝组织中Cyclin D1蛋白的表达情况。结果Cyclin D1蛋白在肝癌组织中的阳性率为44．0％,极显著高于正常肝组织（均为阴性表达）（P〈0．01）;阳性表达与肝癌的肝内转移和肝癌的分化程度有关（P〈0．05,P〈0．05）。Cyclin D1的过表达均与病人术后〈3年生存期有关（P〈0．05）。结论Cyclin D1在HCC的发生、发展过程中起着不同程度的作用,检测Cyclin D1对判定HCC预后可提供一定的依据。     

曲古抑菌素A通过雌激素受体α依赖和非依赖方式抑制乳腺癌细胞中细胞周期素D1的表达

目的探讨曲古抑菌素A（TSA）对ER—α阳性和ER—α阴性乳腺癌细胞系的作用机制。方法以含不同浓度TSA的培养液培养MCF-7（ER—α阳性）和MDA—MB-231细胞（ER—α阴性）；采用四甲基亚噻唑蓝（MTT）法检测TSA作用后肿瘤细胞的增殖状态；用流式细胞仪定量分析肿瘤细胞增殖周期的改变；用半定量RT—PCR法测定ER—α和cyclinD1mRNA的表达。Western blot检测ER—α、p21和细胞周期素cyclinD1的蛋白表达水平。结果ER—α阳性的MCF-7细胞对TSA的敏感性明显高于ER—α阴性的MDA—MB-231细胞，TSA作用48h时前者的IC50约为40．6nmol／L，后者的IC50约为272．4nmol／L。在MCF-7细胞系中，TSA能有效抑制ER—α和cyclinD1 mRNA的表达，并增强cyclinD1蛋白通过泛素-蛋白酶体通路降解，使肿瘤细胞主要阻滞在G0／G1和G2／M期。在MDA—MB-231细胞系中，TSA对cyclinD1蛋白通过泛素-蛋白酶体通路降解作用增强，但对其mRNA转录本表达无明显影响。结论TSA不仅可以通过依赖ER—α途径抑制cyclinD1 mRNA的表达，也可通过增强泛素-蛋白酶体通路降解cyclinD1蛋白而不依赖于雌激素途径。     

散发性甲状旁腺腺瘤基因改变的研究进展

散发性甲状旁腺腺瘤是引起原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的重要原因.但甲状旁腺腺瘤发病机制不清且缺乏早期特异性诊断指标.近年来随着分子生物学的发展,甲状旁腺腺瘤在基因水平的研究取得了很大的进展.本文就其在分子生物学的改变做一综述.     

ESM-1在复发性垂体腺瘤中的表达及意义

目的 探讨ESM-1在免疫组化水平的表达与垂体腺瘤复发的相关性。方法 对2018年2月至2021年4月就诊于我院的33例垂体腺瘤患者进行ESM-1抗体的免疫组化染色并进行分析研究。结果 复发组相较首发组有更高的ESM-1表达（P=0.004）,而年龄、性别及肿瘤最大径均与ESM-1表达无明显相关性,患者复发前后的ESM-1表达无明显差异,ki-67蛋白阳性表达指数与ESM-1表达之间无明显相关性。结论 ESM-1的表达与肿瘤复发有明显相关性,对于垂体腺瘤的治疗及预后有指导作用。     

First parathyroid surgeon: Sir John Bland-Sutton and the parathyroids

Felix Mandl from Vienna has long been acclaimed as having carried out the first parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism in 1925. He was not, however, the first surgeon to have seen the parathyroid glands, either at surgery or in the pathology laboratory. There is evidence that the first intentional removal of a parathyroid tumour was probably carried out at the Middlesex Hospital, London, UK, by Sir John Bland-Sutton at least a decade earlier. Indeed, Sir John Bland-Sutton appeared to have been very much aware of the parathyroid gland and the pathology associated with it for many years, even before this first parathyroid operation. He described a post-mortem specimen of a parathyroid tumour in 1886; he surgically removed a parathyroid cyst in 1909; and then carried out an intentional parathyroidectomy for a parathyroid tumour some time before 1917.     

Identification of pathologic parathyroid glands in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

r = 0.861, intact PTH assay). Eight of 9 patients with multiple-gland involvement had an elevated serum PTH (>2000 pg/ml in midportion and >200 pg/ml in intact PTH assays, respectively). No patient developed persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism. The serum PTH level was normalized by a resection of relatively enlarged glands in our cases. It is usual to explore all glands during surgery, and in cases with a high serum PTH level, multiple-gland involvement should also be considered. (Received for publication on Feb. 10, 1997; accepted on July 8, 1997)     

P27和Rb在原发性胆囊癌中的表达及意义

目的：研究胆囊癌组织中P27和Rh表达的意义及其相互关系。方法：用免疫组化S-P法检测P27和Rb在胆囊癌中的表达。结果：P27和Rb蛋白在胆囊癌中的表达率分别为43.9%(18／41)和34．2％(14/41)，明显低于慢性胆囊炎和胆囊腺瘤中总的阳性率，二者表达呈正相关系；高分化和Neivin I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期及无淋巴结转移组P27和Rb，阳性率均显著高于低分化和Neivin Ⅳ、Ⅴ期及有淋巴结转移组的病例；P27和Rb表达与年龄、性别无明显相关性。结论：P27和Rb表达与胆囊癌的发生发展有关，胆囊癌的发生机制可能涉及P27／Rb调节通路异常，P27有可能成为判断胆囊癌预后的有效指标之一。     

Preoperative evaluation of patients with parathyroid adenoma: role of high-resolution ultrasonography.

BACKGROUND: Unilateral parathyroid exploration with adenoma removal and identification of a normal parathyroid gland is a controversial surgical approach to the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of high-resolution ultrasonography to localize adenomas preoperatively and to assess the effect of such localization on operative time. METHODS: One hundred twenty consecutive previously non-operated patients with primary hyperparathyroidism underwent ultrasonography before surgery, which consisted of unilateral neck exploration. The procedure was changed to bilateral exploration when justified by the surgical findings. RESULTS: The sensitivity and positive predictive value of the ultrasonographic examinations were 89% and 98%, respectively. These results were obtained regardless of the size of the adenoma. No significant difference was found in the presence of thyroid multinodular disease (p =.2). A positive sonographic examination decreased the operative time to an average of 59 minutes. The average size of the adenomas was 19 mm (range, 4-55 mm). A positive and highly statistically significant correlation was found between adenoma size and both preoperative calcium level (p =.01) and parathyroid hormone level (p =.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In experienced hands, high-resolution ultrasonography can be a cost-effective means of localizing parathyroid adenomas when unilateral neck exploration is considered the acceptable surgical approach.     

甲状旁腺腺瘤合并甲状腺结节34例临床分析

目的探讨甲状旁腺腺瘤合并甲状腺结节的诊断及外科治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院收治的34例甲状旁腺腺瘤合并甲状腺结节的临床诊治经验。结果甲状旁腺腺瘤单侧单发多见(3l/34),单侧甲状旁腺腺瘤合并同侧甲状腺结节多见(25/31)。甲状腺结节病变性质主要为结节性甲状腺肿(27/34)。34例均行外科手术治疗。术后早期有8例患者出现短时的低钙血症,余无明显并发症。术后随访26例,全部患者甲状旁腺腺瘤均无明显复发迹象,结节性甲状腺肿患者有2例术后复查再次发现甲状腺结节,均予以动态观察,未行进一步手术切除,其余病例甲状腺结节均无复发。结论手术切除是治疗甲状旁腺腺瘤合并甲状腺结节的最有效的方法,最常用手术方式为单侧颈部探查术,术前定性及定位诊断结合术中诊断是手术成功的关键。     

神经因子诱导的克隆B基因和Nur相关因子1基因在醛固酮瘤中的表达及意义

目的 探讨神经因子诱导的克隆B(NGFI-B)基因和Nut相关因子1(Nurr1)基因在醛固酮瘤中的表达及意义.方法 应用实时逆转录-聚合酶链反应(Real time RT-PCR)检测34例醛固酮瘤和13例正常肾上腺组织中神经因子诱导的克隆B基因,Nur相关因子1基因,醛固酮合成酶基因(CYP11B2)和皮质醇合成酶基因(CYP11B1)的mRNA表达水平.结果 醛固酮腺瘤组织中NGFI-B基因的mRNA表达量与正常肾上腺组织的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),醛固酮腺瘤组织中Nurr1基因呈高表达,与正常肾上腺组织的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),醛固酮腺瘤组织中Nurr1基因的表达量与其CYP11B1和CYP11β2的表达量之间明显相关(分别r=0.434,P<0.01;r=0.376.P<0.05).结论 孤核受体Nurr1对醛固酮瘤组织中CYP11B2的表达有促进作用,醛固酮瘤组织CYP11B1和CYP11B2的表达是多种转录因子共同作用的结果.     

Microencapsulated parathyroid allotransplantation in the omental tissue

Permanent hypoparathyroidism is a severe clinical condition accompanied by low parathyroid hormone level. Conventional treatment requires lifelong medication, and daily drug usage has some side effects. To avoid this circumstance, transplantation is an alternative and curative option. Microencapsulation may be used as a transplantation approach particularly to evade immune response. In order to define treatment of permanent hypoparathyroidism, a 37‐year‐old female recipient who has permanent hypoparathyroidism was evaluated for 3 years. Routine tests, viral markers, and T and B lymphocyte cross‐match tests were analyzed. In addition intradermal skin test was performed for ultrapure alginate. Microencapsulation of cultured parathyroid cells was performed with ultrapure alginate. Cell suspension was prepared and spheroids were generated with calcium chloride. Afterward, transplantation was performed with a laparoscopic approach in the omental tissue. The recipient was discharged from the hospital without complications. Serum calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and phosphorus levels were observed throughout 1 year. During the follow‐up period, no complications were observed. Serum calcium levels were increased significantly on day 10 and PTH levels were increased on day 25 as well. According to our knowledge, this is the first study where ultrapure alginate‐based microencapsulated parathyroid cells were transplanted in the omental tissue. A significant increment of PTH levels was detected. Microencapsulated parathyroid cells showed the functionality of this technique for more than 1 year. This study showed that using ultrapure alginate‐based microencapsulation without immunosuppression appears to be a promising technique.