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1.
荆玮 《中国优生优育》1995,6(4):180-182
粘多糖贮积症(Mucopolysaccharidoses MPS)是一组由于降解糖胺聚糖(glycosaminoglycans GAGs)过程所需的溶酶体酶缺乏所致的遗传代谢疾病,属于溶酶体贮积症。未能降解的GAGs贮积于溶酶体中,造成细胞、组织和器官的功能失调,并且改变了代谢途径从尿中排出。  相似文献   

2.
粘多糖贮积症是由于细胞溶酶体内酸性粘多糖水解酶先天性缺陷而引起的一类遗传性代谢病,本文介绍了一种羊水粘多糖双向电泳分离技术,用该方法分析了30例妊娠中期羊水的粘多糖组份,结合其它生化方法对5例高危妊娠孕妇进行了羊水组份测定。两例孕妇羊水被明确诊断,终止妊娠并得到;临床证实。其余3例出生后被证实发育正常.  相似文献   

3.
粘多糖贮积症Ⅰ型的酶学诊断与产前诊断   总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1  
粘多糖贮积症是溶酶体贮积病的一种.它是因为溶酶体内的不同水解酶缺乏,导致粘多糖在体内多个脏器和组织中堆积,而形成的疾病.粘多糖贮积症包括数种亚型,各亚型的临床表现虽然有些相似,但是由于不同的基因突变可导致不同酶活性缺乏的遗传病,所以在基因或酶学诊断与产前诊断上完全不同.  相似文献   

4.
粘多糖贮积症Ⅳ型酶学诊断与产前诊断   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
粘多糖贮积症Ⅳ型(Morquio病)是常染色体隐性遗传病。它包括粘多糖贮积症Ⅳa型与粘多糖贮积症Ⅳb型两个亚型。Ⅳa型是由半乳精-6-硫酸盐硫酸酯酶缺乏所致,Ⅳb型为β-D半乳糖苷酶缺乏所致。粘多糖贮积症Ⅳ型主要导致硫酸软骨素(CS)和硫酸角质素(KS)降解障碍,在骨和软骨细胞沉积,使骨发育障碍。  相似文献   

5.
正粘多糖贮积症(mucopolysaccharidosis,MPS),简称粘多糖病,是一种因蛋白聚糖降解酶先天性缺陷所引起的蛋白聚糖分解代谢障碍性疾病。由于溶酶体内酶活性下降或者缺乏,机体分解粘多糖障碍,导致这些粘多糖分子在细胞内、血液和结缔组织中沉积,从而产生相应的临床症状,可分为MPSⅠ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型、Ⅵ型、Ⅶ型、Ⅺ型和数种亚型。各型MPS的代谢基础相似,但遗传类型和临床表现各  相似文献   

6.
目的 分析宜宾市新生儿主要遗传代谢病的发病特点,为该地区新生儿遗传代谢病诊断及干预提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2019—2021年宜宾市新生儿筛查中心应用串联质谱技术对71 572例新生儿遗传代谢病的筛查结果,采用SPSS 25.0软件描述性分析该地区新生儿遗传代谢病的发病特点及随访治疗情况。结果 71 572例新生儿中确诊为新生儿遗传代谢病29例,包括氨基酸代谢病5例、有机酸代谢病5例及脂肪酸氧化代谢病19例,总检出率1/2 468。共确诊10种遗传代谢病,常见病种为原发性肉碱吸收障碍(24.14%)、中链酰基辅酶A脱氢酶缺乏症(24.14%)及苯丙氨酸血症(13.79%)。所有病例在确诊后4~6周内均在宜宾市新生儿筛查中心进行了及时、规范的治疗。随访与定期评估结果显示所有病例均未发生由该病引起的患儿智力以及生长发育障碍。结论 2019—2021年宜宾市新生儿遗传代谢性疾病高于全国总检出率,其中脂肪酸氧化障碍占比相对较高。串联质谱法能有效筛查多种遗传代谢病,对新生儿遗传代谢病的发现、诊断及干预有重要意义,有利于提高人口质量。  相似文献   

7.
目的:找出全自动酶免工作站在苯丙酮尿症筛查中的作用,为实验室进一步开展大量筛查、提高实验室筛查能力提供依据。方法:全自动酶免工作站是参照新生儿筛查技术规范中的要求,采用荧光法,运用已设计出的适合新生儿疾病筛查的筛查程序来进行筛查实验。结果:全自动酶免工作站在投入使用之初,用仪器与人工操作对相同血片相同试剂进行过实验比较,t=4. 22 4. 437,P0. 001,该工作站实验与人工操作差异无统计学意义。结论:全自动酶免工作站的使用前景较大,节省了人、财、物力,全自动工作站使用对于长远开展新生儿疾病筛查工作很有帮助。  相似文献   

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一些先天性、遗传性代谢病,在新生儿和婴儿早期无典型的临床表现,易被漏诊或误诊。当症状被注意时,往往已经存在不可逆的损伤,尤其是神经系统损害,造成严重的智力低下,甚至危及生命。新生儿疾病筛查就是对每个出生的宝宝,通过先进的实验室检测发现这些危害严重的先天性遗传代谢性疾病,从而早期诊断、早期治疗,避免宝宝因脑、肝、肾等损害导致智力、体力发育障碍甚至危及生命。苯丙酮尿症(PKU)就属于筛查中的一种疾病。  相似文献   

10.
1临床资料 1.1病例资料先证者(Ⅳ:3)男,6岁,汉族,第2胎第2产,足月顺产,产程顺利。患儿2岁后出现反应迟钝,智力低下,走路不稳,语言功能低下等症状,且渐行性加重;  相似文献   

11.
抗-HIV初筛试验阳性结果分析   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
目的探讨检测艾滋病病毒抗体(抗-HIV)的初筛试验方法,了解血清中自身抗体对试验的影响。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和胶体金快速试纸条对12 880例临床样本进行抗-HIV检测,抗-HIV初筛阳性样本按规定送确认实验室用免疫印迹法(WB)确认,同时行自身抗体检测。结果第一次初筛抗-HIV阳性15例,第二次双孔复检,同种试剂阳性者15例,另一种试剂阳性9例,WB确认实验9例阳性。15例抗-HIV阳性样本中共检出6例自身抗体阳性:1例RF、ENA阳性,1例抗-dsDNA阳性,2例ANA阳性,1例ENA阳性,1例ANA与SMA阳性。结论抗-HIV初筛试验初、复检双阳性者结果具有较高正确性;血清中自身抗体可引起抗-HIV初筛试验结果假阳性。  相似文献   

12.
学龄前儿童屈光及远视力检查对早期发现弱视的作用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的探索尽早发现学龄前儿童弱视的最佳检查方法,以保护儿童视力。方法对4308名学龄前儿童筛查眼屈光及远视力,异常可疑者转眼科诊断,并对诊断结果进行相关分析。结果4308名学龄前儿童8616眼中,远视力异常247眼(3.80%),屈光筛查异常626眼(7.27%),最终确诊弱视266眼(3.09%)。不同年龄儿童弱视检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。屈光筛查及远视力检测弱视的灵敏度分别为98.12%,89.10%,特异度分别为95.69%,99.88%。结论利用屈光筛查有利于及早检测弱视,而且其灵敏度高于远视力检测。  相似文献   

13.
目的运用液基薄层细胞学(TCT)检查,探讨TCT技术在宫颈病变诊断中的价值,以早期发现女性生殖系统肿瘤,早期治疗。方法对2011年1—12月在惠阳区妇幼保健院就诊的3114例患者进行宫颈癌筛查,采用TCT技术,诊断依据TBS标准。结果 3114例TCT检测患者中,涂片异常109例(3.47%),其中非典型鳞状细胞(ASCUS)61例(1.95%),倾向于上皮内高度病变(ASC-H)5例(0.02%),低度鳞状上皮内病变(LSLL)32例(1.03%),高度鳞状上皮内病变(HSLL)11例(0.04%)。在TCT阳性患者中,35~45岁年轻女性占35.36%,比例较大。对109例涂片异常者进行阴道镜下活检与组织学病理诊断比较,符合率LSIL为72.73%,HSIL为90.20%。结论 TCT技术结合TBS诊断宫颈病变准确率高。另外,配合阴道镜检查能及时发现宫颈早期病变,是防止宫颈癌发生的最好措施。  相似文献   

14.
Using a matched insurant–general practitioner panel data set, we estimate the effect of a general health‐screening program on individuals' health status and health‐care cost. To account for selection into treatment, we use regional variation in the intensity of exposure to supply‐determined screening recommendations as an instrumental variable. We find that screening participation increases inpatient and outpatient health‐care costs up to 2 years after treatment substantially. In the medium run, we find cost savings in the outpatient sector, whereas in the long run, no statistically significant effects of screening on either health‐care cost component can be discerned. In sum, screening participation increases health‐care cost. Given that we do not find any statistically significant effect of screening participation on insurants' health status (at any point in time), we do not recommend a general health‐screening program. However, given that we find some evidence for cost‐saving potential for the sub‐sample of younger insurants, we suggest more targeted screening programs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

15.

Background

In 2014, Austrian health authorities implemented an organized breast cancer screening program. Until then, there has been a long-standing tradition of opportunistic screening.

Objectives

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of organized screening compared with opportunistic screening, as well as to identify factors influencing the clinical and economic outcomes.

Methods

We developed and validated an individual-level state-transition model and assessed the health outcomes and costs of organized and opportunistic screening for 40-year-old asymptomatic women. The base-case analysis compared a scenario involving organized biennial screening with a scenario reflecting opportunistic screening practice for an average-risk woman aged 45 to 69 years. We applied an annual discount rate of 3% and estimated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio in terms of the cost (2012 euros) per life-year gained (LYG) from a health care perspective. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to assess uncertainty.

Results

Compared with opportunistic screening, an organized program yielded on average additional 0.0118 undiscounted life-years (i.e., 4.3 days) and cost savings of €41 per woman. In the base-case analysis, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of organized screening was approximately €20,000 per LYG compared with no screening. Assuming a willingness-to-pay threshold of €50,000 per LYG, there was a 70% probability that organized screening would be considered cost-effective. The attendance rate, but not the test accuracy of mammography, was an influential factor for the cost-effectiveness.

Conclusions

The decision to adopt organized screening is likely an efficient use of limited health care resources in Austria.  相似文献   

16.
目的对比分析不同尿标本中的尿蛋白检测结果。方法选取2012年2月-2013年2月牡丹江市某医院收治的120例肾脏疾病患者作为观察组,同时期120例正常人作为对照组,分别对2组患者晨尿、日间尿和24小时尿中尿蛋白含量检测结果进行对比分析。结果观察组患者晨尿中尿蛋白和24小时尿中尿蛋白含量低于日间尿,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),晨尿尿蛋白与24小时尿中尿蛋白的含量对比,差异无统计学意义;对照组标本晨尿、日间尿和24小时尿中尿蛋白含量对比,差异无统计学意义;观察组3种尿标本中尿蛋白含量均高于对照组(P0.05)。结论肾脏疾病患者不同尿标本中尿蛋白的含量均较正常人高,但晨尿和24小时尿中尿蛋白含量低于日间尿。由于日间尿较易留取,故可作为患者临床尿蛋白检测的尿液标本取样。  相似文献   

17.
目的探讨非睫状肌麻痹自动验光法筛查7~9岁儿童屈光不正的真实性、有效性及适应的阳性界值,为7~9岁儿童屈光不正寻找简便可行的筛查方法。方法采用整群抽样获得7~9岁儿童样本209人,分别采用TOPON-10电脑自动验光仪非睫状肌麻痹自动验光法和托品卡胺睫状肌麻痹后检影法进行检查。结果209例调查对象(418只眼)非睫状肌麻痹自动验光法较睫状肌麻痹后检影法结果近视屈光度数增大,远视屈光度数减小。筛查评价中:将SE≤-0.75D作为近视屈光的阳性界值时,约登指数为0.81,阳性预测值为71.6%,有较高的真实性;SE在各取值状态下,作为远视屈光筛查的真实性均不高;?DC?≥1.0D作为散光的阳性界值时,约登指数为0.84,阳性预测值为85.2%,有较高的真实性。结论非睫状肌麻痹自动验光法对7~9岁学龄儿童的近视屈光和散光筛查是可行的。  相似文献   

18.
目的 分析和总结北京市苯丙酮尿新生儿筛查状况.方法婴儿出生喂奶72小时后采取足跟血,滴渗在规定的滤纸片上.采用Guthrie细菌抑制法测定血苯丙氨酸含量.结果 北京市自1993年开展苯酮尿症新生儿筛查,筛查率逐年提高,截止到1997年8月达 89.1%.几年来共筛查250 227名新生儿,确诊苯丙酮尿症患儿24名,检出率1:11 705.24名患儿中有17名积极配合治疗智能发育正常、有4名出现不同程度智力异常、另有3名放弃治疗.结论 新生儿筛查能使苯丙酮尿症患儿得到早期诊断和治疗,防止智力低下的发生,  相似文献   

19.
Background.Screening for tuberculosis is conducted because TB is a disease of public health importance that can be prevented if screening is followed by isoniazid prophylaxis for infected individuals. Screening alone is not effective unless that screening is rational and systematic and is followed by prevention where appropriate. Our aim was to consider whether the TB contact screening guidelines are evidence-based and appropriate, how well these guidelines are implemented, and how policy and practice impact on prevention.Methods.A cohort of 1,142 recent contacts screened in 1991 in Victoria, Australia, was studied. We evaluated the appropriateness of the screening guidelines and how well they were implemented and how the combination of these two factors impacted on the efficacy of the screening program.Results.The screening guidelines required updating and were not evidence-based. Chest radiograph (CXR) was overused and was the sole screening tool for nearly 40% (449/1,142) of contacts. Eighty percent of repeat CXRs were done following a normal initial study. Skin testing was underused. In nearly 60% (658/1,142) of all contacts, the presence or absence of infection could not be determined because a skin test was not done and the CXR, if done, was clear. Only 22% (38/175) of identified, eligible contacts received isoniazid preventive therapy.Conclusions.Lack of evidence-based guidelines, as well as poor adherence to guidelines, resulted in an inefficient program. This problem may not be unique to the study setting, but cannot be identified without systematic program evaluation, for which we have provided a model.  相似文献   

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