超声心动图在经胸微创房间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨超声心动图在经胸微创房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术中的临床应用价值。方法〓在本院2013年7月至2014年12月经胸超声心动图(TTE)诊断的房间隔缺损患者43例中,筛选适合进行经胸微创房间隔缺损封堵术病例31例,术中采用经食道超声心动图(TEE)监测引导封堵过程,术后采用TTE随访评价疗效。结果〓31例ASD患者在TEE引导下行经胸微创封堵治疗,全部封堵成功,术后无并发症。随访3个月仅1例出现3 mm残余分流。结论〓超声心动图对经胸微创ASD封堵术的术前病例筛选、术中监测引导和术后疗效评价具有重要作用。     

超声心动图在巨大房间隔缺损介入封堵术中的应用

目的评价经胸超声心动图(TTE)结合经食管超声心动图检查(TEE)指导巨大房间隔缺损(ASD)介入封堵术的可行性、安全性。方法术前应用TTE结合TEE测量ASD最大径或支撑径,明确其形态、边缘,筛选33例巨大ASD患者接受介入封堵术,术中指导封堵器植入,术后评价疗效。结果 33例中成功24例,失败9例,总成功率为72.73%;其中椭圆形ASD成功率76.47%,类圆形68.75%;ASD边缘足者81.82%,边缘不足者68.18%。TTE测量ASD最大径与封堵器大小相关性良好,TEE测量ASD支撑径与封堵器大小相关性进一步改善。24例成功病例随访6个月以上,无并发症发生。结论术前以TTE结合TEE详细观察ASD大小、形态、边缘筛选适应证,依据TTE和TEE测量的最大径及支撑径选择合适封堵器,结合术中指导及术后疗效评价,对提高巨大ASD介入封堵术的安全性及成功率有重要作用。     

经食管超声心动图在外科微创治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

目的探讨TEE在外科微创置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损（ASD）中的应用价值。方法对术前经TTE及TEE筛选的22例继发孔型ASD患者行外科微创封堵术,在TEE完成治疗全程,包括引导、监测和评估,封堵器选择、术中鞘管输送、封堵器释放及术后即刻手术效果评价。结果采用外科微创封堵术成功治疗21例患者,术后即刻TEE显示封堵器位置正常,塑形良好,无残余分流及并发症。TEE测量ASD最大径为（20.14±7.35）mm,与术中所用封堵器大小[（26.66±8.70）mm]相关性良好（r=0.949,P〈0.0001）。1例患者术中TEE显示不适于微创封堵,改行小切口外科修补术获得成功。封堵术后TTE随访3个月,封堵器位置固定,无移位,无残余分流。结论 TEE在继发孔型ASD外科微创封堵治疗术中具有重要应用价值。     

食管超声心动图监测下经胸微创房间隔缺损封堵术

目的评价经食管超声心动图（TEE）监测经胸微创房间隔缺损（ASD）封堵术的临床价值。方法本组16例ASD患者术前均经胸超声心动图检查粗筛，符合封堵条件后在全身麻醉下插入经食管超声探头，于手术开始前，根据ASD最大直径选择合适的封堵器。在手术开始后，监测整个封堵过程，引导封堵伞的放置，评价即刻封堵效果，确认是否有残余分流或并发症。结果16例患者中15例封堵成功，TEE显示封堵器与ASD边缘吻合紧密，无残余分流；1例直径31mm的ASD患者，封堵器放置后发现其后下缘存在残余分流，随即改行体外循环ASD修补术。随访3个月，效果满意。结论TEE对选择适合行封堵术的的ASD患者、选择封堵器大小、指导封堵器的释放、以及疗效评价均具有重要的作用。     

经食管超声心动图与经胸超声心动图引导下继发孔型房间隔缺损封堵疗效比较

目的比较经食管超声心动图(transesophageal echocardiography,TEE)与经胸超声心动图(transthoracic echocardiography,TTE)引导行经皮介入封堵术治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损(ostium secundum defect,OSD)的临床效果。方法选择84例继发孔型OSD患者,术前行TTE及TEE检查。根据术中影像学引导技术的不同分为TEE组(44例)和TTE组(40例),分别在TEE和TTE引导下行经皮介入封堵术。比较两组围术期指标、封堵成功率、一次封堵器选择成功率及术后并发症情况。结果两组患者封堵手术均成功。TEE及TTE测量OSD最大内径值存在统计学差异(P<0.05),而两者测量房顶缘残端、主动脉根部残端以及心房总长度等参数比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TEE组手术时间、心内操作时间少于TTE组(P<0.05),一次封堵器选择成功率高于TTE组(P<0.05),而两组住院时间及封堵成功率比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。所有患者术后随访12个月,均无心包积液及血管损伤发生。TEE组发生残余分流及皮下气肿各1例,TTE组发生胸腔积液及皮下气肿各1例,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论TEE引导下行经皮封堵术治疗继发孔型OSD,测量参数准确,操作时间较短,封堵效果满意,安全性良好。     

经胸超声心动图在房间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

目的讨论经胸超声心动图在房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect,ASD)封堵术中的临床价值。方法 35例ASD适合介入封堵的病人,术前应用彩超多切面、多角度观察房间隔缺损大小、残留边缘的情况及所选封堵器的型号,术中术后监测封堵器放置情况及房水平是否存在残余分流及封堵器是否影响周围结构功能。结果 35例ASD患者全部一次封堵成功。封堵器直径与经胸超声心动图判断的直径相关系数r=0.94,P<0.05。结论经胸超声心动图在ASD封堵术中能准确估测ASD直径、指导封堵过程、监测有无并发症发生,在ASD封堵术中具有重要指导作用。     

经食管实时三维超声心动图在经胸微创继发孔型房间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

目的探讨经食管实时三维超声心动图（RT-3D-TEE）在经胸微创封堵术治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损（SASD）中的应用价值。方法对TTE诊断为SASD的58例患者行经胸微创封堵治疗。术前行RT-3D-TEE检查,明确SASD的位置、类型、大小及边缘情况,以选择合适的封堵器;术中于RT-3D-TEE引导下放置封堵器;术后即刻评价封堵效果,1周后复查TTE。结果58例患者均封堵成功,3例少量残余分流;术后1周TTE检查示封堵器位置正常,均无残余分流。结论RT-3I）_TEE可立体显示SASD的部位、形态及与周围结构的空间关系,对于选择封堵器型号、全方位引导放置封堵器及术后疗效评价具有重要临床应用价值。     

3D-TEE引导经皮ASD封堵技术的手术效果及安全性研究

目的 探究经食管三维超声心动图（3D-TEE）引导经皮房间隔缺损（ASD）封堵技术的手术效果及安全性。方法 回顾性分析本院在2019年9月至2022年9月收治的74例ASD患者的临床资料，所有患者均行经皮ASD封堵术，于术前均采用经胸超声心动图（TTE）、3D-TEE检查测量ASD总长度、ASD最大径及残缘边距等情况；Pearson检验3D-TEE测量的ASD最大径值与其总面积的相关性；术中均在3D-TEE引导下行经皮导管加入封堵术；术后即可评价手术效果，分别于术后3 d、1、3、6个月复查，观察术后并发症发生情况。结果 术前测量值3D-TEE的ASD总长度、软边长度均高于TTE，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,3D-TEE的ASD最大径、距上腔静脉距离及距下腔静脉距离与TTE测量值比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示，术前3D-TEE测量的ASD最大径值与ASD总面积有正相关关系（r=0.97,P<0.05）。74例患者在3D-TEE引导下均一次性全部封堵成功，即刻复查显示封堵器与ASD缺损边缘贴合紧密，检查患者上腔静脉及下腔静脉、...     

单纯超声引导下经股静脉封堵筛孔型房间隔缺损的疗效评价

目的介绍超声引导下经皮由股静脉入路应用多孔筛状房间隔封堵器(amplatzer cribriform occluder,ACO)及房间隔缺损封堵器(atrial septal defect occluder,ASDO)封堵筛孔型房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect,ASD)的经验,评估其可行性、有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析我院2015年12月至2018年5月48例在超声引导下经股静脉封堵筛孔型ASD患者的临床资料,其中男17例、女31例,年龄10个月至51岁,平均年龄(11.50±13.86)岁,体重6～79(27.00±20.14)kg。48例筛孔型ASD患者中12例为双孔型,13例为房间隔膨胀瘤并缺损,23例为多孔型ASD。所有患者均在经胸超声心动图(transthoracic echocardiography,TTE)或经食管超声心动图(transesophageal echocardiography,TEE)引导下完成筛孔型ASD的封堵。术后次日复查超声、心电图及胸部X线片以评价疗效。结果 48例筛孔型ASD患者共使用49枚封堵器,1例置入2枚封堵器,其余置入1枚封堵器。ASDO 29枚,ACO 20枚,ASDO大小为8～26 mm,ACO大小为18～34 mm。术中TTE/TEE检查显示48例均完全封堵成功,13例在释放推送杆前可见细束分流,释放推送杆后9例有细束分流,术后24 h复查8例有细束分流,1年后复查3例微量分流。所有随访患者封堵器位置形态良好,右心不同程度缩小,胸部X线片显示肺血不同程度减少,术后心电图未见心律失常。结论单纯超声引导下经股静脉入路选用ACO及ASDO封堵筛孔型ASD,是一种安全有效的方法。     

比较食管超声引导下两种经胸微创封堵术治疗房间隔缺损的效果

目的比较食管超声(TEE)引导下经胸骨旁和经右腋下封堵术治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损(ASD)的优缺点,为ASD患者提供个体化治疗方案。方法选取郑州大学第一附属医院心血管外科2015-06—2018-03间收治的143例继发孔型ASD患者,根据不同术式将其分为2组。A组在TEE引导下经胸骨旁封堵术,B组实施经右腋下封堵术。回顾分析两种术式的优缺点。结果 A组手术时间、切口长度、术后短期并发症均明显少于B组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 TEE引导下两种封堵术均为治疗继发孔型ASD的有效手段。其中经胸骨旁封堵术因具有术中操作时间较短、切口小、术后并发症少等优点,可作为首选。     

A double-orifice atrioventricular valve case: intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in diagnosis and treatment

We describe a 45-yr-old woman with an intermediate type atrioventricular septal defect associated with a double-orifice left atrioventricular valve (DOLAV). We diagnosed this exceptional anomaly by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during surgery that was scheduled for only a primum type atrial septal defect (ASD) repair. Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography and angiography revealed the ASD but could not demonstrate the DOLAV. We were able to repair this rare and challenging abnormality successfully under the guidance of TEE imaging during the operation. TEE provides valuable information about both anatomy and functional aspect of the valvular structures. Besides its proven role in cardiac surgery, intraoperative use of TEE also serves as a useful tool for diagnosis of such unexpected and potentially missed abnormalities.     

TEE引导下经胸微创封堵治疗先天性心脏病

目的探讨TEE引导下经胸介入封堵治疗先天性心脏病(CHD)的临床应用价值。方法回顾50例接受TEE引导下经胸介入封堵治疗的CHD患者的资料,包括29例室间隔缺损(VSD)、12例房间隔缺损(ASD)、1例ASD合并VSD及8例动脉导管未闭(PDA),封堵前均经TEE再次明确诊断并观察心脏缺损情况,术中超声实时监测并引导导丝、鞘管等到达指定位置及封堵伞放置,术后超声观察有无残余分流、瓣膜功能障碍评以价封堵效果,并通过心电图监测患者有无心律失常、传导阻滞。结果 49例介入封堵成功,其中11例术后即刻TEE可见残余分流;术后1、3、6个月复查TEE,49例均显示封堵器位置良好,无残余分流及封堵术导致的瓣膜反流,复查心电图未见心律失常及传导阻滞。1例VSD介入封堵失败。结论 TEE用于引导经胸介入封堵治疗CHD安全、有效且创伤小、无辐射、无需对比剂,操作简便,值得临床推广应用。     

Supplementing transesophageal echocardiography with transthoracic echocardiography for monitoring transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects with attenuated anterior rim: a case series

The use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for guidance of transcatheter closure of secundum-type atrial septal defect (ASD) is increasingly becoming a routine procedure. ASD with attenuated anterior superior (SA) rim is a variant of secundum-type ASD and is suitable for transcatheter closure. The success rate of TEE guidance for device deployment in these patients is not known. Therefore, we assessed 124 consecutive patients with ASD (57 secundum-type, 67 with attenuated SA rim) closed with an Amplatzer Septal Occluder under TEE guidance. Our results show that the TEE was successful in depicting all 4 corners and corresponding edges of each Amplatzer disk, as well as the septal rims of all 57 secundum-type ASDs. However, in 6 of 67 ASDs (9%) with attenuated SA rim in which TEE failed to visualize the adequate placement of occluder on the anterior inferior (IA) rim, the additional use of transthoracic echocardiography helped to resolve this inadequacy. Four of these six patients had the unusual morphology of the IA rim tissue. Two had severe right axis deviation of the heart with large Q angle (>90 degrees ). The SA rim was absent in 35 of 67 ASDs with attenuated SA rim and in these cases TEE demonstrated the anterior surface of the disk against the wall of the aorta but without distortion. We conclude that TEE can be useful for confirming successful deployment of the occluder in most patients with ASDs. In a small number of ASDs with attenuated SA rim who have unusual IA morphology, supplemental transthoracic echocardiography is required to verify successful deployment of the occluder when TEE visualization fails to reliably diagnose adequate placement of the occluder. IMPLICATIONS: Transesophageal echocardiography can be useful for confirming successful deployment of the occluder in the majority of patients with atrial septal defect. In a small number of atrial septal defects with attenuated anterior superior rim which have unusual anterior inferior morphology, supplemental transthoracic echocardiography is required to verify successful deployment of the occluder when transesophageal echocardiography visualization fails to reliably diagnose adequate placement of the occluder.     

超声导引下介入治疗房间隔缺损合并肺动脉瓣狭窄的临床体会

目的本文报告我院1998年10月-2006年11月应用彩色超声（CDE）导引介入治疗房间隔缺损（AsD）合并肺动脉瓣狭窄（Ps）14例的临床体会。方法14例患者，男5例，女9例。年龄3-53岁，平均（20．9士9．8）岁。ASD均为单一中央型。PS轻度6例，中度8例。其中合并卵圆孔未闭和左上腔静脉各l例。使用仪器日本东芝6000型和美国惠普1500型彩色多普勒血流显象仪（CDE）和食道超声（TEE）探头频率分别为2．5MHZ和5MHZ。术前用CDE诊断，术中用CDE及TEE配合术后第2天及随诊均应用CDE。结果应用CDE选择14例ASD合并PS，在CDE和TEE导引及监测下成功进行肺动脉瓣球囊扩张（PBPV）和ASD闭合术，技术成功率100%4，用CDE随诊1～96个月，无任何并发症。结论ASD合并PS介入治疗必须要在CDE和TEE导引及监测下完成CDE主要观察心尖、剑下四腔心、两房心及大动脉短轴切面，TEE主要观察房间隔及上、下腔静脉长轴切面，大动脉短轴及四腔心切面。     

Papillary fibroelastoma of the tricuspid valve in association with an atrial septal defect: Report of a case

Although papillary fibroelastoma is rare, it is the most common primary tumor of the heart valves. We describe herein the case of a 64-year-old woman scheduled to undergo atrial septal defect (ASD) repair, in whom a papillary fibroelastoma of the tricuspid valve was diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Surgical resection of the papillary fibroelastoma at the time of ASD repair prevented the fatal embolization sometimes associated with this lesion. Thus, intraoperative TEE played an important role in identifying the location of the tumor and its anatomic attachment, and in assessing the adequacy of surgical treatment.     

Randomized study comparing cardiac response in endovascular and open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

BACKGROUND: The aim was to compare the cardiac response and the incidence of adverse cardiac events during and after endovascular (EVAR) and open (OR) repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). METHODS: Seventy-six patients with an AAA suitable for EVAR, and in a general condition allowing open surgery were randomized to EVAR (57 patients) or OR (19 patients). The analysis was on an intention-to-treat basis. Haemodynamic variables were assessed intraoperatively before, during and after aortic occlusion. During the procedure myocardial ischaemia was identified with use of electrocardiography (ECG) and transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE). After operation, cardiac complications were diagnosed by clinical observation, 12-lead ECG at 1 h, 1 day and 7 days, echocardiography at 1 month and measurement of cardiac enzymes. RESULTS: After aortic occlusion, a greater decrease in systemic vascular resistance compared with baseline was observed with OR than with EVAR (- 396 and - 70 dyne s/cm5 respectively; P = 0.03). The stroke work index, as a direct measure of myocardial performance, demonstrated a decrease during OR and an increase during EVAR during aortic occlusion (- 6.6 and + 1.7 g m/m2 respectively; P = 0.03) as well as after aortic occlusion (- 7.6 and + 3.4 g m/m2 respectively; P < 0.01), compared with baseline. The incidence of postoperative clinical cardiac complications was comparable in the two study groups; however, myocardial ischaemia, as observed by ECG and TEE, was observed more frequently in the OR group (ten of 19 versus 15 of 57 patients; P = 0.05). CONCLUSION: Haemodynamic changes were less severe and there was a lower incidence of myocardial ischaemia during EVAR than during OR. Studies are needed to demonstrate whether this may reduce the operative mortality rate.     

Floating thrombus originating from an almost normal thoracic aorta

We present a case of floating thrombus originating from an almost normal thoracic aorta in a 54-year-old man who presented with acute arterial occlusion of his left leg. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging showed two masses in an almost normal aorta after embolectomy for the acute arterial occlusion. Although the embolus was thrombus histologically, malignant tumors could not be ruled out. The masses did not decrease in size after 7 days of anticoagulant therapy, so they were extirpated under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and TEE guidance. Frozen section examination during CPB indicated that there was no evidence of malignancy in the removed mass. TEE played an important role in the diagnosis and surgery of this condition, and it was useful when deciding on a surgical strategy. Because the treatment strategy for this disease remains controversial, further studies are needed.