三种非金属托槽抗剪切强度比较

目的 比较京津釉质粘接剂粘接三种非金属托糟的抗剪切强度，评估托槽去除后牙面残留粘接剂指数（adhesive remnant indexes，ARI），为临床合理选择非金属托槽提供指导。方法 60颗人类前磨牙随机均分为三组，用京津釉质粘接剂分别粘接陶瓷托槽、有机玻璃托槽和聚碳酸酯托槽，测定并记录其抗剪切强度和托槽去除后牙面残留粘接剂指数。结果 三种托槽的抗剪切强度和ARI记分情况均不全相同（P〈0.05），组间比较发现陶瓷托槽组与另两组间差别显著（P〈0．01），而有机玻璃组与聚碳酸酯组间无显著差别（P〉0．05）。结论 在应用京津釉质粘接剂粘接托槽时，陶瓷托槽的粘接强度足可以满足正畸临床矫治要求，而有机玻璃托槽和聚碳酸酯托槽的粘接强度较低以至不能满足正畸临床矫治要求，应谨慎使用。     

正畸托槽去除时粘接剂残留模式的体外研究

目的：本研究只对金属托槽、树脂托槽分别应用3种不同粘接剂粘接,正畸托槽去除时粘接剂残留的模式进行体外研究。方法：收集因正畸需要而拔除的新鲜双尖牙120颗,随机等分为6组,用国产双尖牙方丝弓树脂托槽和国产方丝弓金属托槽分别应用3种不同粘接剂模拟临床应用的实验条件下粘接,并做组别标记,1KN电液疲劳实验机进行托槽去除。在实体显微镜下观察ARI记分情况,对正畸托槽去除时粘接剂残留模式进行体外研究。结果：树脂托槽组中和金属托槽组中3组粘接剂去粘接后,ARI记分均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,但同种粘接剂金属托槽与树脂托槽ARI记分有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：去粘接时金属托槽留在牙面的粘接剂少,树脂托槽留在牙面的粘接剂多。说明树脂托槽与粘接剂之间的粘接强度有待进一步加强。     

热冷循环对托槽抗剪切强度影响的研究

目的 比较冷热循环前后两种粘接剂抗剪切粘接强度，从而研究冷热循环实验对粘接剂抗剪切强度的影响。方法 90颗因正畸需要而拔除的人类前磨牙按照粘接剂（超强粘接剂和京津釉质粘合剂）和储存条件（室温蒸馏水中、37℃人工唾液中、冷热循环实验）的不同随机均分为6组，粘接金属方丝弓托槽，测定并记录抗剪切粘接强度和牙面残留粘接剂指数。结果 方差分析显示两种粘接剂粘接强度无明显差剐，但冷热循环后粘接强度均明显降低（P〈0．01）；牙面残留粘接剂指数无明显差别。结论 冷热循环实验可明显降低托槽抗剪切粘接强度，体外粘接强度研究应进行冷热循环实验。     

用于正畸托槽粘接的玻璃离子粘固剂的抗剪切强度

目的　研究用于正畸托槽粘接的树脂改良型玻璃离子粘固剂的抗剪切强度。方法　 30颗离体前磨牙平均分为 2组。一组用树脂改良型玻璃离子粘固剂 (Advance)粘接方丝弓正畸托槽 ,另一组用复合树脂釉质粘接剂 (DM)粘接。 2 4h后用材料力学试验机检测两种材料的抗剪切强度 ,统计牙面上粘接材料的残留指数。结果　 2种粘接材料的抗剪切强度相似 [玻璃离子粘固剂为 (6 86 2±2 142 )MPa,复合树脂粘接剂为 (7 183± 3 2 0 5 )Mpa],差异无显著性。结论　体外研究中 ,树脂改良型玻璃离子粘固剂的抗剪切强度已达到复合树脂釉质粘接剂的水平 ,具有临床应用前景     

渗透性树脂治疗早期釉质龋后对托槽抗剪切粘接强度的影响

目的研究渗透性树脂治疗早期釉质龋后,对正畸托槽抗剪切粘接强度的影响。方法选择30颗新鲜拔除的健康人类前磨牙,随机分为对照组、脱矿组、渗透性树脂治疗组,每组10颗。使用光固化树脂加强型玻璃离子将托槽粘接于实验牙后,采用万能力学试验机测量托槽的抗剪切粘接强度(SBS),并对牙面进行粘接剂残留指数(ARI)评估。结果 SBS对照组为5.13±0.62MPa,脱矿组为4.09±0.89 MPa,渗透性树脂治疗组为6.23±1.17 MPa。任意两组之间独立样本t检验均表明差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。脱矿组ARI小于另外两组,对照组和渗透性树脂治疗组之间ARI无统计学差异。结论渗透性树脂治疗早期釉质龋不影响托槽的粘接强度。     

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目的评价不同黏结剂用于光固化复合树脂充填体表面托槽黏结的效果。方法2012年3月于中国医科大学口腔医学院正畸科制作10个自凝树脂长方体试件,在其4个表面制备窝洞并行光固化复合树脂充填。将40个树脂充填体随机分为A、B、C、D组（每组10个）,分别用京津釉质黏结剂、3M Unite化学固化黏结剂、3M Transbond光固化黏结剂和可乐丽菲露AP—X光固化复合树脂黏结金属托槽,进行抗剪切强度测试,并测评光固化树脂面黏结剂残留指数（ARI积分）。结果4种黏结剂的抗剪切强度分别为：A组（7．763±1．240）MPa;B组（8．231±0．338）MPa;C组（8．654±0．916）MPa;D组（8．349±0．820）MPa。4种黏结剂的抗剪切强度均达到临床要求,其中c组与A组的抗剪切强度差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,其余各组间的抗剪切强度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。各组的ARI积分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论在经过打磨粗糙表面处理后的光固化复合树脂表面黏结托槽时,4种黏结剂均能满足临床要求。其中3MTransbond“光固化黏结剂产生的抗剪切强度最大。     

不同粘接剂重复粘接正畸托槽的剪切强度研究

托槽脱落问题始终困扰着临床正畸医生,而托槽脱落率与粘接剂的理化性能及重复粘接后的抗剪切强度直接相关。本实验选用两种不同粘接剂：京津釉质粘合剂和单组分粘接剂,在模拟临床应用的实验条件下,比较重复粘接的抗剪切强度,并评估托槽脱落后牙面上残留的粘接剂指数(adhesive remnant indexes,ARI),为临床合理选择粘接剂重复粘接托槽提供参考。     

不同处理方法对脱落托槽再粘接抗剪切强度的影响

目的：比较三种不同处理方法去除脱落正畸托槽底板残留粘接剂,对托槽再次粘接时抗剪切强度大小的影响。方法：挑选因正畸需要而拔除的完整前磨牙80颗,随机分成4组,每组20个样本,分别按常规方法粘接网底型直丝弓正畸托槽,通过万能材料测试仪测试并记录其脱落时的抗剪切强度后,第一组更换新托槽,第二组采用喷砂法、第三组采用燃烧法、第四组采用磨除法去除托槽底板残留粘接剂,再次粘接托槽,在同样条件下测试并记录其脱落时的抗剪切强度。结果：更换新托槽组、喷砂组再次粘接时其抗剪切强度与初次粘接无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,燃烧组、磨除组再次粘接时其抗剪切强度与初次粘接相比明显减小（P＜0.05）。喷砂组再次粘接的抗剪切强度与更换新托槽组无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。燃烧组、磨除组再次粘接的抗剪切强度比更换新托槽组明显减小（P＜0.05）。结论：为了获得理想的粘接强度,脱落托槽再利用时宜采用喷砂法进行处理,不宜采用燃烧法和磨除法进行处理。     

不同正畸粘接系统在托槽再粘接中的应用评价

目的：检测使用不同正畸粘接系统再粘接托槽对其剪切粘接强度的影响,以探讨提高临床再粘接效率的方法。方法：选择60颗正畸减数的恒双尖牙,依据不同粘接系统随机分为3组：津京釉质粘接剂（A组）、TransbondXT光固化粘接系统（B组）及Transbond自酸蚀粘接系统（C组）。所有样本均先用津京釉质粘接剂粘接托槽,24h后去除托槽重新粘接新托槽,测量3组托槽再粘接的剪切强度及粘接剂残留指数（AdhesiveRemnantIndex,ARI）。结果：3组托槽再粘接剪切强度分别为（8．615±2．460）MPa、（8．807±1．801）MPa及（8．144±3．023）MPa,组间剪切强度差异无显著性;ARI评分表明：C组牙面上残留的粘接剂明显少于其他两组。结论：采用自酸蚀粘接系统再粘接托槽的剪切强度与其它两种粘接系统相当,并且去除托槽后牙面残留粘接剂较少。     

两种正畸粘接系统对金属和陶瓷托槽粘接强度的影响

目的:评价传统正畸粘接系统和自酸蚀粘接系统分别对金属托槽和陶瓷托槽的粘接强度。方法:将100颗人前磨牙均分为4组:金属托槽/传统粘接系统组(1组)、金属托槽/自酸蚀粘接系统组(2组)、陶瓷托槽/传统粘接系统组(3组)、陶瓷托槽/自酸蚀粘接系统组(4组),使用Transbond XT树脂糊剂将托槽粘接在牙面上,测量各组的抗剪切粘接强度,并评价其剩余粘接剂指数,对结果进行单因素方差分析。结果:统计学分析表明金属托槽的抗剪切粘接强度高于陶瓷托槽,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);1组和2组平均抗剪切粘接强度的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),3组和4组间的差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组剩余粘接剂指数的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但各组的粘接强度与剩余粘接剂指数有平行相关性(P<0.05)。结论:金属托槽的粘接强度高于陶瓷托槽;自酸蚀粘接系统与传统粘接系统都可满足正畸临床粘接托槽的需求;大部分样本的粘接失败发生在托槽/粘接剂界面或粘接剂内部破坏,表明牙釉质受损的几率较低,且粘接强度和剩余粘接剂指数之间存在统计学相关性。     

Are the flowable composites suitable for orthodontic bracket bonding?

The study aims to determine the shear bond strength (SBS) values of different flowable composites (Pulpdent Flows-Rite, 3M Filtek Flow, and Heraeus Kulzer Flow Line) in comparison with a conventional orthodontic adhesive and the bond failure sites of these composites. Eighty extracted human premolars were divided into four groups of 20 teeth each. Brackets were bonded to the teeth in each test group with different composites, according to the manufacturer's instructions. SBS values of these brackets were recorded (in MPa) using a universal testing machine. Adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were determined after the failure of brackets. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey honestly significant difference, and chi-square tests. SBS values of groups 1 (Transbond XT), 2 (Flows-Rite), 3 (Flow), and 4 (Flow Line) were found to be 17.10 +/- 2.48 MPa, 6.60 +/- 3.2 MPa, 7.75 +/- 2.9 MPa, and 8.53 +/- 3.50 MPa, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate that the orthodontic adhesive (Transbond XT) had higher SBS values than the flowable composites. Results of ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences among the groups (P < .05). The SBS values were significantly lower in all flowable composite groups than the orthodontic adhesive. ARI scores were significantly different between the orthodontic adhesive and all the flowable groups investigated. The use of flowable composites is not advocated for orthodontic bracket bonding because of significantly lower SBS values achieved.     

树脂修饰化玻璃离子托槽粘结剂粘结强度的体外研究

目的：评估一种树脂修饰化的玻璃离子托槽粘结剂在牙面不同处理方式和环境下的两次粘结后的剪切强度情况。方法：将新近拔除的105颗上颌第一前磨牙随机均分成7组,按照说明书的要求完成托槽的粘结。对照组牙面用37%的磷酸处理后,用光固化复合树脂粘结剂（3M,Transbond XT）粘结。其它6组牙面分别在37%的磷酸、GC处理剂（GC Self-Conditioner）、和不做任何处理的条件下,分别在干燥和湿润的环境下用树脂修饰化的玻璃离子（RMGIC;Fuji ORTHO LC,GC Corporation,Tokyo,Japan）粘结,所有牙齿均选用同种托槽。托槽粘结24 h后,在万能测力机下以1 mm/min的速度卸载,并记录下数值。除去牙面和托槽底面多余粘结剂后,重复上述过程。每次卸载后检查牙釉质损坏情况。结果：对照组两次剪切强度有较小的差异,其它GC玻璃离子粘结剂组两次剪切强度没有统计学意义。GC粘结剂不做任何处理组在干燥和湿润的环境下其剪切强度存在明显的差异。干燥环境下,37%的磷酸和GC处理剂处理后,GC粘结剂组两次卸载后的牙釉质均出现不同程度的釉裂或釉质脱落。结论：这种树脂修饰化的玻璃离子粘结剂可以在多种条件下用于托槽的粘结。     

Shear bond strength comparison of two adhesive systems following thermocycling. A new self-etch primer and a resin-modified glass ionomer

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of a standardized thermocycling protocol on the shear bond strength (SBS) of two adhesive systems: a resin-modified glass ionomer and a composite resin used with a new self-etching primer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty human molars were cleaned, mounted, and randomly divided into two groups. In group 1, brackets were bonded to the teeth using Fuji Ortho LC adhesive, and in group 2, the Transbond Plus system was used. The teeth were stored in water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours, thermocycled between 5 and 55 degrees C, and debonded using a universal testing machine. The enamel surface was examined under 10x magnification to determine the amount of residual adhesive remaining on the tooth. Student's t-test was used to compare the SBS and the chi-square test was used to compare the adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores. RESULTS: The mean SBS for the brackets bonded using the Fuji Ortho LC was 6.4 +/- 4.5 MPa, and the mean SBS for the Transbond Plus system was 6.1 +/- 3.2 MPa. The result of the t-test comparisons (t = 0.207) indicated that there was no significant difference (P = .837) between the two groups. The comparisons of the ARI scores (chi(2) = 0.195) indicated that bracket failure mode was not significantly different (P = .907) between the two adhesives. CONCLUSION: Although SBS and ARI scores were not significantly different for the two adhesives, clinicians need to take into consideration the other properties of the adhesives before using them.     

一种新型自酸蚀剂对托槽粘结强度的影响

目的 :探讨一种新型自酸蚀剂对托槽粘结强度的影响。方法 :收集人离体前磨牙 10 5个 ,随机分成 7组。 1组 :3 5 %磷酸酸蚀 3 0s ,去离子水冲洗 ,吹干 ;涂粘结剂 ,TransbondXT光固化复合树脂粘贴托槽。 2组、3组和 4组分别在涂自酸蚀剂 3s内、2min和 15min后粘贴托槽。 5组涂自酸蚀剂后 ,再涂一层唾液粘贴托槽 ;6组依次涂唾液、自酸蚀剂后粘贴托槽 ;7组涂唾液、自酸蚀剂、唾液后粘贴托槽。所有试件均于常温去离子水内放置2 4h ,测试抗剪切强度 ,观察断面形态。结果 :4组的抗剪切强度最高。 5组和 7组的抗剪切强度显著低于其它组。断面形态观察 ,结果显示抗剪切强度高的组别在托槽与复合树脂之间发生断裂 ;抗剪切强度低的组别在牙齿与复合树脂之间发生断裂。结论 :该自酸蚀剂能获得与磷酸酸蚀相同的粘结强度 ,且发生断裂不受操作时间的影响 ,但在操作时间内应防止唾液污染。     

A self-conditioner for resin-modified glass ionomers in bonding orthodontic brackets

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a new self-etch conditioner used with resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGIs) in bonding orthodontic brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty human molars were cleaned, mounted, and randomly divided into three groups. In group 1 (control), 20 orthodontic brackets were bonded to teeth using Transbond Plus Self-etching Primer; in group 2, 20 brackets were bonded using an RMGI with a 10% polyacrylic acid conditioner. In group 3, 20 brackets were bonded using Fuji Ortho LC with a new no-rinse self-conditioner for RMGIs. The same bracket type was used on all groups. The teeth were debonded in shear mode using a universal testing machine, and the amount of residual adhesive remaining on each tooth was evaluated. Analysis of variance was used to compare the shear bond strength (SBS), and the chi(2) test was used to compare the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the SBS (P = .556) between the groups. The mean SBS for Transbond Plus was 8.6 +/- 2.6 MPa, for Fuji Ortho LC using 10% polyacrylic acid 9.1 +/- 4.6 MPa, and for Fuji Ortho LC using GC Self-conditioner 9.9 +/- 4.1 MPa. The comparisons of the ARI scores between the three groups (chi(2) = 35.5) indicated that bracket failure mode was significantly different (P < .001), with more adhesive remaining on the teeth bonded using Transbond. Conclusions: The new self-etch conditioner can be used with an RMGI to successfully bond brackets. In addition, brackets bonded with Fuji Ortho LC resulted in less residual adhesive remaining on the teeth.     

表面封闭法对托槽粘接抗剪强度影响的实验研究

目的:研究表面封闭法对托槽粘接抗剪强度(shear bond strength,SBS)的影响.方法:将正畸拔除的20 颗离体前磨牙切割成颊面牙片,用自凝塑料包埋,其颊面经Transbond~(TM) Plus自酸蚀处理液酸蚀30 s后随机等量分为2 组,①实验组:涂Filtek Flow 1400A3流动复合树脂形成封闭层,Transbond~(TM) XT复合树脂粘接托槽;②对照组:Transbond~(TM) XT复合树脂粘接托槽.37 ℃恒温水浴48 h及冷热循环(5 ℃ 30 s,55 ℃ 30 s)1 000 次后,以0.5 mm/min的速度对托槽SBS进行测试;10 倍体视显微镜下观察托槽脱落后牙面树脂残留情况并进行评估.结果:实验组、对照组托槽SBS(Mpa)平均是8.08±1.38、8.34±1.37,牙面树脂残留指数(resin remnant index,RRI)分别是: 2.80±1.03、 3.20±1.03,经检验, 2 组SBS、RRI差异无统计学意义.结论:表面封闭法不影响托槽粘接抗剪强度,能满足固定矫治需要.     

树脂托槽在不同粘接剂下抗剪切强度的体外研究

目的：选出适宜树脂托槽使用的粘接剂指导临床应用。方法：收集新鲜双尖牙60颗,随机分为3组,每组20颗。1）京津釉质粘接剂组;2）自酸蚀光固化型复合树脂粘接剂组;3）单组分粘接剂组。所有牙齿记录余留粘接剂指数（the adhesive remnant index,ARI）及釉质裂纹情况。实验数据用SPSS11.0统计软件进行分析。结果：单组分粘接剂与其他两组粘接剂的抗剪切强度有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。ARI记分无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;3组牙面上均无裂纹产生。结论：单组分粘接剂组抗剪切强度最大。     

Influence of self-etchant application time on bracket shear bond strength

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of self-etching primer (SEP) application time on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty human molars were cleaned, mounted, and randomly divided into two groups. The same SEP, adhesive, and brackets were used in both groups. Twenty teeth were conditioned following the manufacturers' recommendations by rubbing the SEP on the enamel surface for 3 to 5 seconds. The remaining 20 teeth were conditioned using the same SEP, but the application time was increased to 15 seconds. The teeth were debonded within half an hour following initial bonding using a universal testing machine. After debonding, the amount of residual adhesive remaining on the tooth was determined. Student's t-test was used to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of the two groups, and the chi2 test was used to compare the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores for the two adhesive systems. RESULTS: The mean SBS of the brackets bonded to the teeth subjected to the SEP for 3 to 5 seconds was 8.0+/-4.6 MPa and was not significantly different (t=-0.69, P=.494) from the SBS of the brackets bonded using a 15-second SEP application time (x=8.9+/-3.4 MPa). The comparisons of the ARI scores between the two groups (chi2=2.16) indicated that bracket failure mode was not significantly different (P=.340) for both groups, and most failures were at the bracket-adhesive interface. CONCLUSION: The present findings indicate that increasing the SEP application from 3 to 5 seconds to 15 seconds does not result in a significant increase in SBS.     

A new one-step dental flowable composite for orthodontic use: an in vitro bond strength study

A new flowable composite, Denfil Flow, has shown an acceptable shear bond strength for bonding orthodontic brackets, when used with an intermediate, unfilled, low-viscosity resin. According to the manufacturer, it also shows a good viscosity for use with no preliminary adhesive. This could reduce the total time of bonding procedure while maintaining clinically useful bond strength. The aim of the current research was to assess this property. Eighty extracted human premolars were randomly divided into four equal groups. Stainless steel brackets were bonded to etched enamel using (1) Denfil Flow, (2) a traditional flowable composite (Dyract Flow), (3) Denfil Flow composite resin and an intermediate liquid resin, and (4) Transbond XT adhesive. Debonding was performed with a shearing force. The residual adhesive on the enamel surface was evaluated using the adhesive remnant index. The bond strength of Denfil Flow (34.8 MPa) showed no significant difference with the other control groups and was clinically acceptable. Denfil Flow and Dyract Flow tended to display cohesive failure within the adhesive. Denfil Flow can be used without liquid resin to reduce the bonding procedure time while maintaining acceptable bond strength. Further studies are required to evaluate the enamel surface of the teeth after the same polishing procedure in the four groups.