肠易激综合征便秘型和功能性便秘结、直肠肛门动力学研究

目的 研究肠易激综合征(IBS)便秘型和功能性便秘患者结肠、直肠动力,直肠感觉功能.方法 对IBS便秘型患者52例和功能性便秘患者48例进行肛门直肠测压检查,并做结肠传输试验.同时选择正常健康人作对照组.结果 IBS便秘型组和功能性便秘组与对照组间直肠静息压、肛管静息压和肛门括约肌最大缩榨压比较均未见明显差异.IBS便秘型组初感阈值及排便阈值(75.00±34.04 ml,117.31±37.60 ml)较正常对照(97.14±20.54 ml,138.57±19.94 ml)明显降低.功能性便秘组排便阈值及最大耐受阈值(187.92 ±68.62 ml,252.5±93.40ml)较正常对照组(138.57±19.94 ml,181.43±18.34 ml)明显升高.IBS便秘型组各项感觉阈值较功能性便秘组均明显降低.功能性便秘组较IBS便秘型组患者结肠传输试验符合出口梗阻的比例高,但无统计学差异.结论 IBS便秘型直肠感觉过敏,功能性便秘直肠感觉迟钝.     

便秘型肠易激综合征肛门直肠动力学的临床研究

目的　观察便秘型肠易激综合征 (IBS)的肛门直肠动力学改变。方法　采用灌注式测压装置测定 18例便秘型IBS患者和 15例健康人的肛门直肠压力、直肠对容量刺激的最低敏感量、最大耐受量及直肠顺应性。结果　便秘型IBS的直肠、肛门内外括约肌静息压力、内括约肌主动收缩压、模拟排便时直肠收缩压、内外括约肌净减压与对照组相比无显著性差异。肛门 直肠屏障压便秘型IBS组高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。直肠对容量刺激的最低敏感量便秘型IBS组低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,最大耐受量及顺应性均高于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。结论　便秘型IBS存在肛门直肠动力学异常 ,这种异常可能是导致便秘的原因     

便秘型和腹泻型肠易激综合征患者肛门直肠运动及直肠感觉功能的检测分析

目的研究便秘型和腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS)患者肛门直肠运动及直肠感觉改变。方法对2000-01~2004-01广州医学院第二附属医院根据罗马Ⅱ标准入选的便秘型IBS30例,腹泻型IBS20例,正常对照组26例,进行肛门直肠运动功能及直肠感觉测定。结果(1)便秘型和腹泻型IBS肛门括约肌压力、肛门括约肌最大缩窄压和正常对照组相比差异无显著性(P>0.05);增加腹压时,肛门括约肌净增压腹泻型低于正常对照组(P<0.05);模拟大便时直肠和肛门括约肌出现同步收缩发生率便秘型IBS高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。(2)便秘型IBS直肠对容量刺激的最低敏感量、最大耐受性、顺应性明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。(3)腹泻型IBS直肠对容量刺激的最低敏感量、最大耐受性、顺应性明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01)。结论(1)IBS存在肛门直肠运动异常。(2)便秘型IBS直肠对容量刺激低敏感、高耐受、高顺应性,可能是引起便秘原因之一。(3)腹泻型IBS直肠对容量刺激存在高敏感、低耐受、低顺应性和肛门自控能力减弱,可能与腹泻有关。     

出口梗阻型便秘肛门直肠动力及直肠感知功能的特点

[目的]研究出口梗阻型便秘(OOC)患者肛门直肠动力及直肠感知功能特点。[方法]选取57例出口梗阻型便秘患者(OOC组),另选取27例健康志愿者(对照组)进行高分辨率肛门直肠测压检测,对比2组肛门直肠动力及直肠感知功能。[结果](1)OOC组最大肛管静息压(MARP)、肛门括约肌功能长度、缩榨持续时间及直肠排便压与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义。OOC组最大肛门括约肌收缩压(MASP)、模拟排便时肛管残余压均高于对照组,而模拟排便时肛管松弛率低于正常组,且差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);(2)与健康志愿者比较,OOC组最小松弛容积及直肠最大耐受量均高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义。OOC组直肠初始感觉阈值及初始便意阈值均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(3)女性OOC患者MARP、模拟排便时肛管残余压及肛管松弛率、最小松弛容积、初始感觉阈值、初始便意阈值、最大耐受量均高于男性OOC患者,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。女性OOC患者肛门括约肌功能长度、缩榨持续时间、直肠排便压较男性OOC患者降低不明显(P0.05),而女性OOC患者MASP较男性患者降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论](1)OOC患者肛门外括约肌及盆底肌的收缩及协调功能障碍、直肠敏感性下降及对容量刺激的反应较迟钝可能是造成出口梗阻型便秘的重要原因;(2)女性OOC患者肛门外括约肌及盆底肌的收缩功能较男性弱。     

老年糖尿病便秘患者肛门直肠动力学特点及影响因素

目的探讨合并糖尿病的老年便秘患者肛门直肠动力学的变化及其影响因素。方法老年糖尿病便秘患者65例为观察组,男35例,女30例,平均年龄(75. 6±7. 2)岁;对照组为无糖尿病的老年便秘患者97例,男73例,女24例,平均年龄(76. 2±8. 6)岁。采用灌注式肛门直肠测压装置测定患者肛管静息压、肛管最大缩榨压、初始感觉阈值、首次便意感阈值、最大耐受容量。结果观察组肛管静息压明显低于对照组(t=2. 112,P=0. 036);其初始感觉阈值、首次便意感阈值及最大耐受容量均明显高于对照组(P0. 05)。合并糖尿病的男性老年便秘患者肛管最大缩榨压明显高于女性(t=3. 801,P=0. 000)。伴腹痛的老年糖尿病便秘患者的肛管静息压显著高于不伴腹痛者(t=3. 289,P=0. 002);伴排便不尽感的老年糖尿病便秘患者肛管最大缩榨压、首次便意感阈值及最大耐受容量均明显高于无排便不尽感患者(P0. 05)。结论糖尿病老年便秘患者肛门直肠动力学变化有其特点,性别及腹痛、排便不尽感是肛门直肠动力学变化的影响因素。     

肠易激综合征患者肛门直肠感觉阈值和动力学的改变

采用PC Polygraf HR高分辨多道胃肠功能测定仪,检测42例肠易激综合征(IBS)患者的肛门直肠压力、直肠容量感知、疼痛阈值、耐受阈值等指标,并与15例健康人做对照.结果发现IBS的直肠静息压、肛管括约肌静息压、最大缩窄压及肛管长度与对照组无显著性差异(P＞0.05),而初始感觉阈值、疼痛阈值、排便阈值腹泻组低于正常对照组(P＜0.05),便秘组高于正常对照组(P＜0.05).排便时IBS便秘组患者的肛管松弛压高于正常对照组(P＜0.05).提示IBS患者排便功能和直肠感觉功能存在异常.     

肛门直肠测压对诊断慢性便秘的临床意义

目的　探讨肛门直肠测压对诊断慢性便秘的临床意义。方法　对 40例长期便秘的病人使用顶端带气囊水灌注导管检测直肠感觉阈值、初始排便阈、直肠最大耐受容量、直肠肛门抑制反射和肛门括约肌静息压、缩窄压。结果　 40例病人均有直肠感觉阈值、初始排便阈、直肠最大耐受容量的异常 ,直肠肛门抑制反射、肛门括约肌静息压、缩窄压正常。结论　慢性便秘患者直肠肛门测压直肠感觉有异常 ,肛管运动功能无明显改变。该方法简单 ,操作容易 ,无创伤 ,易重复 ,可在临床上推广使用     

肠易激综合征患者直肠肛门压力变化及临床意义

为了研究肠易激综合征（ＩＢＳ）患者直肠肛门运动功能，测定了８０例ＩＢＳ患者和２０例正常人直肠肛门压力及排便功能。发现：①直肠静息压、肛门括约肌静息压及其最大缩窄压在ＩＢＳ腹泻组、便秘组及正常对照组均无显著差异。②肛管高压带长度在ＩＢＳ腹泻组及便秘组均显著高于正常对照组。③直肠壶腹部的感觉阈值、最大耐受量、直肠顺应性及直肠－肛门抑制反应的直肠扩张容量在ＩＢＳ腹泻组均显著低于正常对照组，肛门括约肌松弛率ＩＢＳ腹泻组与正常对照组无显著差异。④ＩＢＳ便秘组感觉阈值与正常对照组无差异，但其最大耐受量及引起直肠－肛门抑制反射的直肠扩张容量均显著高于正常对照组，其直肠顺应性和肛门括约肌松弛率显著低于正常对照组。     

功能性便秘患者肛门直肠动力学的临床研究

目的观察功能性便秘(functional constipation,FC)患者的肛门直肠动力学改变.方法采用灌注式测压装置测定20例FC患者和15例健康人的肛门直肠压力、直肠对容量刺激的最低敏感量、最大耐受量及直肠顺应性.结果 FC患者的直肠、肛门内外括约肌静息压力、内括约肌主动收缩压、模拟排便时直肠收缩压、内外括约肌净减压与对照组比较无显著性差异.FC组肛门-直肠屏障压高于对照组.FC组直肠对容量刺激的最大耐受量及顺应性均高于对照组.结论功能性便秘患者存在肛门直肠动力学异常,这种异常可能是导致便秘的原因.     

慢性便秘的分型和肛门直肠测压表现

目的：对慢性便秘按结肠传输时间（CTT）和传输指数（TI）进行分型，观察便秘及便秘各型肛门直肠动力学和敏感功能的变化。方法：采用一次口服20枚不透X线标记物于72h拍摄腹平片的方法，根据CTT和TI对慢性便秘进行传输分型；用肛门直肠测压的方法测定不同类型便秘的肛门直肠动力及感觉功能的变化。结果：慢性便秘的传输分型为四型：传输时间正常型（NTC）、慢传输型（STC）、出口梗阻型（OOC）和混合型（MC）。便秘组的肛管静息压和收缩压降低，最大耐受容积增大（P＜0．05）。NTC患者肛管静息压降低（P＜0．05）；STC患者静息压、收缩压降低，最大耐受容积增大（P＜0．05）；OOC患者最大耐受容积增大（P＜0．05）。结论：此种传输试验方法更简单；根据CTT和TI对便秘进行传输分型可体现便秘的动力学原因；不同类型的便秘存在不同的结肠、肛门直肠动力学改变和直肠感觉异常。     

Study on functional constipation and constipation‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome by using the colonic transit test and anorectal manometry

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the visceral perception, anorectal pressure and colonic transit time (CTT) in patients with functional constipation and constipation‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C‐IBS), and to study the manometric abnormalities of these two conditions. METHODS: The CTT in patients with functional constipation and C‐IBS was studied by using radiopaque markers. Rectal visceral perception thresholds, rectal compliance and anorectal pressure were examined by electric barostat. RESULTS: The CTT in both groups of constipated patients was abnormal. A lot of radiopaque markers remained in the right colon in C‐IBS patients, whereas in patients with functional constipation, the radiopaque markers remained in each segment of the colon. The anorectal resting pressure, squeezing pressure and relaxation pressure were normal in both groups. Rectal compliance and defecation thresholds were much higher compared with controls, and the rectal visceral perception of functional constipation was also abnormal. CONCLUSIONS: The motility abnormalities of functional constipation and C‐IBS occurred in different colonic segments. Results suggest that CTT measure­ment and anorectal manometry could be helpful in the differential diagnosis of these two conditions.     

慢性特发性便秘患者肛门直肠测压表现及西沙必利的疗效研究

目的研究慢性特发性便秘（CIC）患者肛门直肠动力及直肠对容量刺激感觉的变化，同时观察西沙必利对CIC的疗效及对上述指标的影响。方法用肛门直肠测压法检测30例CIC患者，服用西沙必利前后的直肠动力及直肠对容量刺激感觉的变化。20名健康者作对照。结果肛门直肠括约肌最大收缩压降低（P＜0．05），引起直肠肛门抑制性反射的最小松弛容量（MRV）增大（P＜0．05），直肠内部容量刺激的排便阈值及疼痛阈值均明显增加（P＜0．01）；西沙必利10mg每日3次治疗4周可显著改善CIC患者上述异常改变（P＜0．01），增加CIC患者排便次数（P＜0．01），治疗总有效率为46，67％。结论CIC患者存在肛门直肠动力及内脏感觉异常，西沙必利可改善上述异常表现，对约半数CIC患者具有良好疗效。     

Anorectal manometric abnormalities and effect of cisapride in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation

OBJECTIVES : To investigate abnormalities in anorectal motility, changes in rectal visceral perception of balloon distention and the effect of cisapride on patients with chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC). METHODS : Anorectal manometry was carried out in 30 CIC patients using the Synectics Visceral Stimulator combined with PcPolygraf before and after treatment with cisapride (10 mg three times daily for 4 weeks). Twenty age‐matched controls were also studied before cisapride therapy. RESULTS : Patients with CIC had lower anorectal sphincter squeeze pressures (P < 0.05), larger minimum relaxation volumes necessary to elicit the anorectal inhibitory reflux (P < 0.05), higher rectal defecation volume thresholds and higher rectal maximum tolerable volume thresholds (P < 0.01) compared with the controls. All of the abnormalities significantly improved and defecation frequency greatly increased after 4 weeks of cisapride therapy (P < 0.01). Cisapride was effective in 46.67% of patients with CIC. CONCLUSIONS : Patients with CIC have abnormalities of both anorectal motility and rectal visceral perception of balloon distention. Cisapride can improve these abnormalities and is effective in approximately one‐half of CIC cases.     

Physiology of refractory chronic constipation

OBJECTIVE: Investigators suggest three distinct pathophysiologies for patients with constipation symptoms: 1) slow colon transit, 2) irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and 3) pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). Our aim was to determine the prevalence of the three types of constipation pathophysiology, the degree of overlap, and what interactions exist between pathophysiologies. METHODS: Constipated patients refractory to fiber (n = 131) underwent regional colon transit studies, anorectal manometry/EMG, measurement of rectal compliance, and rectal sensory testing. Correlations were performed examining interactions between the above measures. RESULTS: Visceral hypersensitivity (typical of IBS) was found in 58%, slow colonic transit in 47%, PFD in 59%, and no physiological abnormalities were detected in 24%. Slow transit and visceral hypersensitivity overlapped in half of each group. PFD physiology was found in approximately half of each of the subgroups. There was no correlation between PFD physiology and rectosigmoid transit, total colon transit, or any other physiology. There were no correlations between slow transit and visceral hypersensitivity. Visceral hypersensitivity did correlate with increased rectal compliance, suggestive of increased accommodation reflexes in IBS. CONCLUSIONS: At a tertiary center, slow transit physiology and visceral hypersensitivity typical of IBS are equally common and overlap heavily in constipated patients. PFD physiology does not correlate with slower rectosigmoid colon transit, and is seen equally in all subgroups. No abnormalities were found in 24% of patients. We therefore identify four subgroups in constipation: IBS, slow transit, both, and neither.     

Symptoms and physiology in severe chronic constipation

Objective: Symptoms of constipation have been attributed to slow colon transit, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). Our aim was to determine the existence of symptom-based constipation subgroups and whether these correspond to differences in colonic transit and anorectal sensorimotor function. Methods: Constipated patients (n = 108) completed questionnaires, and underwent colon transit studies, anorectal manometry, and rectal sensory testing. Factor analysis of symptoms was performed. Factor-based symptom scores were correlated with physiological findings. Results: Three symptom factors were identified as compatible with slow colonic transit, IBS, and PFD. There was a significant correlation between the symptoms of slow transit and total and rectosigmoid colon transit. There were also significant correlations between both the IBS symptom score and the number of Manning criteria with measures of rectal hypersensitivity typical of IBS. Neither PFD symptom scores nor symptoms of straining correlated with any electromyographic or manometric measure of anal defecatory function or with rectosigmoid colon transit. Based on physiological testing patients were classified as slow transit, visceral hypersensitivity (typical of IBS), PFD, or no abnormalities found. As expected, slow-transit patients had symptoms of infrequent stools and patients with visceral hypersensitivity had an increased number of Manning criteria for IBS. Patients with PFD physiology and those with no detectable abnormalities had no specific symptoms. Conclusions: Three symptom-based subgroups for constipation were confirmed: slow transit, IBS, and PFD. Slow transit and IBS symptoms correlated with expected physiology. Conversely, PFD symptoms and physiology did not correlate.     

一氧化氮能神经调节异常在腹泻型肠易激综合征患者中的作用

目的　探讨一氧化氮 (NO)在肠易激综合征 (IBS)发病机制中的作用 ,并从基因水平揭示NO含量改变的原因。方法　 (1)应用电子气压泵及灌注导管测压仪研究 2 5例腹泻型IBS患者及 15例正常志愿者的肛门、直肠压力、直肠顺应性、乙状结肠和直肠运动指数以及直肠对容量刺激的感觉阈值 ;(2 )应用硝酸还原酶法测定两组肠黏膜NO的含量 ;(3)NADPH黄递酶组化法和计算机图像分析系统对两组肠黏膜肌层一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)阳性神经纤维作定量分析 ;(4)采用荧光定量PCR(FQ PCR)方法对神经型一氧化氮合酶 (nNOS)的基因表达进行定量分析。结果　 (1)肠道测压 :IBS患者的直肠静息压、肛管上部静息压、收缩压、松弛压、肛管下部静息压、收缩压、松弛压和直肠顺应性与正常人比较 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;患者乙状结肠和直肠运动指数明显高于正常人 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;(2 )直肠内脏感觉阈值 :最低感觉阈值、排便阈值和疼痛阈值明显低于正常人 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;(3)肠黏膜NO含量 :患者结肠黏膜NO含量显著低于正常人 ,并且患者的NO含量与运动指数成负相关 ,与感觉阈值、排便阈值、疼痛阈值呈正相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;(4)NADPH组化染色 :IBS患者黏膜肌层NOS阳性神经纤维的面积和平均吸光度较正常人显著减少 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;(5 )NOS mRNA     

慢性特发性便秘发病机制探讨

目的通过结肠、肛门直肠动力学的变化及心理学基础初步探讨慢性特发性便秘(CIC)可能的发病机制.方法用肛门直肠测压法检测21例CIC患者肛门直肠动力学的变化,同时进行心理测试.20名健康者作对照.CIC组中11例行远端结肠测压,9例非CIC组作对照.结果CIC患者年龄偏大(P＜0.05);肛门括约肌静息压、最大缩榨压降低(P＜0.025,P＜0.005);肛管高压带长度增加(P＜0.005);引起直肠肛门抑制反射的最小松弛容量(MVR)增加(P＜0.005),肛门括约肌松弛率下降(P＜0.025);直肠内部容量刺激的排便阈值和最大耐受量均明显增加(P＜0.005,P＜0.005);11例CIC组患者远端结肠测压结果表明收缩时间百分比、动力指数较非CIC组均明显降低(P＜0.005);CIC患者焦虑、抑郁精神心理异常倾向的出现明显高于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论CIC发病机制是复杂的,结肠、肛门直肠动力学及精神心理因素均参与发病.     

Anorectal manometry

This document contains the guidelines of the German Societies of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Gastroenterology (committee for proctology), Abdominal Surgery (coloproctology working group), and Coloproctology for anorectal manometry in adults. Recommendations are given about technical notes, study preparation (equipment; patient), technique for performing manometry and data analysis, reproducibility, and indications. Minimum standards for anorectal manometry are measurement of resting and squeeze pressure, testing of rectoanal inhibitory reflex, determination of rectal sensation (first perception and urge), and calculation of rectal compliance. Anorectal manometry is indicated in patients with fecal incontinence and constipation in the context of a structured programme.     

Study on the characteristics of intestinal motility of constipation in patients with Parkinson's disease

BACKGROUNDConstipation is one of the most important nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson''s disease (PD) patients, and constipation of different severities is closely related to the pathogenesis of PD. PD with constipation (PDC) is considered a unique type of constipation, but its mechanism of formation and factors affecting its severity have been less reported. Understanding the gastrointestinal motility characteristics and constipation classification of PDC patients is essential to guide the treatment of PDC. In this study, the colonic transit test and high-resolution anorectal manometry were used to identify the intestinal motility of PDC to provide a basis for the treatment of PDC.AIMTo investigate the clinical classification of PDC, to clarify its characteristics of colonic motility and rectal anal canal pressure, and to provide a basis for further research on the pathogenesis of PDC.METHODSTwenty PDC patients and 20 patients with functional constipation (FC) who were treated at Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from August 6, 2018 to December 2, 2019 were included. A colonic transit test and high-resolution anorectal manometry were performed to compare the differences in colonic transit time, rectal anal canal pressure, and constipation classification between the two groups. RESULTSThere were no statistically significant differences in sex, age, body mass index, or duration of constipation between the two groups. It was found that more patients in the PDC group exhibited difficulty in defecating than in the FC group, and the difference was statistically significant. The rectal resting pressure, anal sphincter resting pressure, intrarectal pressure, and anal relaxation rate in the PDC group were significantly lower than those in the FC group. The proportion of paradoxical contractions in the PDC group was significantly higher than that in the FC group. There was a statistically significant difference in the type composition ratio of defecatory disorders between the two groups (P < 0.05). The left colonic transit time, rectosigmoid colonic transit time (RSCTT), and total colonic transit time were prolonged in PDC and FC patients compared to normal values. The patients with FC had a significantly longer right colonic transit time and a significantly shorter RSCTT than patients with PDC (P < 0.05). Mixed constipation predominated in PDC patients and FC patients, and no significant difference was observed. CONCLUSIONPatients with PDC and FC have severe functional dysmotility of the colon and rectum, but there are certain differences in segmental colonic transit time and rectal anal canal pressure between the two groups.