川芎嗪注射液配合静脉溶栓抗凝治疗急性肺动脉栓塞

急性肺动脉栓塞是由于内源性或外源性栓子堵塞肺动脉或其分支引起肺循环障碍的临床和病理生理综合征。由于其发病率高,易漏诊及误诊,因此是国内外重要的医疗问题之一。现对我院2002年6月—2007年6月收治的39例急性肺栓塞病人采用中西医结合诊治情况回顾性分析如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料39例肺栓塞病人,其中男17例,女22例;年龄(19~73)岁,平均58.3岁;发病时间2h至1个月,平均9.47d;基础疾病:下肢静脉血栓并发肺栓塞28例,慢性阻塞性肺病并发肺栓塞3例,骨折术后并发肺栓塞2例,脑出血并发肺栓塞2例,肿瘤并发肺栓塞3例,不明原因1例。1.2症状出现…     

肺动脉栓塞136例临床分析

肺动脉栓塞（PE）是肺动脉及其分支栓塞引起的肺循环障碍的临床及病理生理综合征。因PE症状复杂多变、诊断困难，临床上常引起误诊误治。我院心内科自2002年以来先后诊治PE患者136例，现对其诊治情况报告如下。     

老年心肌梗死并发急性肺动脉栓塞二例

肺栓塞是由于内源性或外源性的栓子堵塞肺动脉主干或分支引起肺循环障碍的临床和病理生理综合征。肺动脉栓塞继发于急性心肌梗死的临床报道较少。这种肺栓塞心电图经常无特异性改变，当出现ST—T改变时，最容易误诊为冠心病和无Q波心肌梗死，当并发Q波心肌梗死时更易漏诊。现将Q波心肌梗死并发急性肺动脉栓塞二例报道如下。     

急性肺动脉栓塞抗凝治疗疗效观察与护理体会

<正>肺动脉栓塞(Pulmonary embolism,PE)是内源性或外源性栓子堵塞肺动脉或其分支引起肺循环障碍的临床综合征,发病率仅次于高血压和冠心病,已成为我国常见的心血管疾病,在美国等西方国家也是常见的三大致死性心血管疾病之一,未经治疗者病死率高达30%,诊断明确并经有效治疗者病死率可降至8%以下。本文报道急性肺动脉栓塞抗凝治疗的     

肺动脉栓塞21例溶栓联合抗凝治疗分析

溶栓联合抗凝是目前治疗肺栓塞 (PE)的首选方案。掌握好溶栓抗凝的时间、剂量、疗程是提高治愈率 ,降低复发率的关键。本文收集我院 1996年 3月至 2 0 0 0年 5月临床资料完整的2 1例 PE患者溶栓联合抗凝治疗进行分析。1　一般资料肺栓塞患者 2 1例。男 13例 ,女 8例 ,年龄 18- 6 8岁 ,有下肢近期外伤、脚气感染、卧床、缺少活动史 14例 ,近期手术卧床史7例 ,病史最短半天 ,最长半年。动脉血气低氧血症 ,高碳酸血症13例 ,占 6 2 % ,正常 8例占 38% ;心电图 14例出现典型 S Q T ,占 6 8% ,资料上所述不完全性右束支传导阻滞或完全性右束支…     

溶栓及抗凝疗法治疗肺动脉栓塞50例护理体会

肺动脉栓塞系栓子堵塞肺动脉或某一分支引起，其中以下肢深静脉及盆腔静脉栓子最常见。本病如诊断、治疗不及时病死率可达20％～30％。2001年4月～2003年5月，我们采用溶栓与抗凝疗法治疗肺动脉栓塞患者50例，疗效满意，现将护理体会报告如下。     

术后急性肺动脉栓塞3例报告

术后发生急性肺动脉栓塞 ( PE)者临床较少见 ,近 1年来 ,我们曾遇 3例 ,现报告如下。例 1:女 ,3 2岁。因髌骨骨折行手术治疗 ,一直卧床 ,未行抗凝治疗。术后 2 3天在床上转动体位时 ,突发头晕、视物模糊、轻度胸闷、心悸 ,随即意识丧失 6分钟。入院查体 :T3 6.5℃ ,P12 0次 / min,R3 4次 / m in,BP12 0 / 10 5 mm Hg( 1mm Hg=0 .13 3 k Pa)。呼吸急促 ,右下肺呼吸音低 ,心界无扩大。 Pa CO2 3 9m m Hg,Pa O2 5 8mm Hg;心电图示 SI 加深 ,Q 加深 ,T 倒置 ,不完全性右束支传导阻滞 ( CRBBB)。超声心动图示肺动脉压轻度升高 ,右心室…     

肺动脉血栓栓塞症2例报告

肺动脉血栓栓塞症（PTE）是来自静脉系统或右心的血栓堵塞肺动脉或其分支所致的疾病，是一种以肺循环和呼吸功能障碍为主的临床和病理生理综合征。近年来，我科收治肺栓塞2例。现报告如下。     

230例急性肺动脉血栓栓塞症患者对症治疗、抗凝治疗和溶栓治疗的住院转归

目的:介绍对症治疗、抗凝治疗和溶栓治疗3种治疗方法治疗急性肺动脉血栓栓塞症或慢性肺动脉血栓栓塞症急性再发患者的住院转归。方法:回顾性分析1974-2002年的28年来我院住院收治的230例急性肺动脉血栓栓塞症或慢性肺动脉血栓栓塞症急性再发患者经对症治疗、抗凝治疗和溶栓治疗3种治疗方法的住院有效率、显效率和病死率。结果:对症治疗、单纯抗凝和溶栓+抗凝治疗的住院总有效率分别为60．0％、91．5％和96．6％;其中住院显效率分别为0、0．9％和42．7％;住院病死率分别为17．1％、4．7％和3．4％。结论:通过回顾性临床分析表明,对症治疗、抗凝治疗和溶栓治疗对急性肺动脉血栓栓塞症或慢性肺动脉血栓栓塞症急性再发患者均有效。由于患者治疗方法的选择受历史等因素的影响,对3种治疗方法的临床疗效不能进行比较。     

急性肺动脉血栓栓塞一例

病例：患者，女，68岁。入院前2小时卧床休息时突发呼吸困难、大汗，无咳嗽及咳痰，无心前区疼痛，呼吸困难与体位无关，自服救心丸4粒无效，急入院。既往无高血压、冠心病史。18天前因外伤行左侧股骨头置换，术后卧床，左下肢制动，入院查体：体温35．5℃，脉搏120次／分，呼吸24次／分，血压70mmHg／50mmHg(1mmHg=0．133kPa)。神志清，精神差，喘憋貌，被动体位，查体合作。皮肤湿冷，口唇苍白，颈软，气管居中，颈静脉无怒张。右肺底少许湿罗音。     

Surgical embolectomy in acute massive pulmonary embolism

Acute pulmonary embolism is a serious condition and despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances, mortality is still high. Anticoagulation, thrombolytic therapy, catheter embolectomy, and open pulmonary embolectomy are therapeutic options. Surgical embolectomy was considered the management of last resort, but recent studies show the effectiveness of this therapeutic modality. We reviewed our 7-year experience of pulmonary embolectomy in patients with acute massive pulmonary embolism from 1997 to 2004. Eleven patients underwent open embolectomy, 7 (64%) were male, and the mean age was 45.6 years. Pulmonary embolism occurred after major surgery in 5 patients (46%), 2 were diagnosed with malignancy and spinal cord injury, and no risk factors were detected in 4. The diagnosis was made by spiral computed tomography alone in 4 patients, and by angiography in 7. Cardiac arrest occurred in 3 patients preoperatively; 2 of them survived. Open pulmonary embolectomy is the most effective treatment for acute massive pulmonary embolism. Cardiac arrest is the worst prognostic factor. Less aggressive clot evacuation in patients who are diagnosed late appears to be effective in minimizing postoperative hemoptysis.     

急性大面积肺血栓栓塞症的介入治疗

目的评估介入治疗急性大面积肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)的临床疗效。方法对15例急性大面积PTE病人进行猪尾导管碎栓抽吸血栓联合局部溶栓治疗,根据血管再通情况酌情全身溶栓,然后抗凝治疗,观察休克指数、体循环平均压、肺动脉平均压的变化。结果休克指数与体循环平均压介入后即刻与介入前相比下降显著,介入后48h继续下降,P值<0.05,均有显著性差异。肺动脉平均压介入前与介入后即刻相比改善无显著性,介入后48h改善,P值<0.05,有显著性差异。手术前后血管再通率为32.4±15.6%,无导管相关并发症,死亡率20%。结论肺血栓栓塞症的介入治疗是一种安全、有效的方法,改善近期预后,适用于急性或亚急性PTE患者,尤其适用于有溶栓禁忌症的患者。     

Current status of embolectomy for acute massive pulmonary embolism

Although embolectomy for acute massive pulmonary embolism first was suggested by Trendelenburg more than 56 years ago, this operation was not performed successfully in the United States until 1958, and as late as 1961 only 23 reports of long term survival following pulmonary embolectomy had appeared in the world medical literature. Use of temporary cardiopulmonary bypass for pulmonary embolectomy was described in 1961 and offered far more favorable circumstances for operation. Since that time, more patients with acute massive pulmonary embolism have been salvaged by embolectomy than survived operation in the previous half century.

Our experience with pulmonary embolectomy employing temporary cardiopulmonary bypass for otherwise fatal, acute massive pulmonary embolism now includes 8 cases, 4 of which were successful. Experimental investigations and clinical experience have demonstrated advantages of partial cardiopulmonary bypass for resuscitating these patients prior to definitive embolectomy. Recent improvements in and simplifications of pump oxygenators should provide far more widespread availability of bypass for such procedures. Embolectomy for acute massive pulmonary embolism now should be considered in the same category as massage for cardiac arrest. No longer should the lifesaving advantages of such a procedure be offered only to those patients in major medical centers.     

紧急肺动脉内介入治疗急性中/大块肺栓塞初步经验

目的　了解紧急肺动脉介入治疗对中 /大块急性肺栓塞患者的疗效及安全性。方法经紧急肺动脉造影确诊后、即刻行肺动脉内导管机械性碎栓、吸栓及接触性尿激酶溶栓治疗 ,观察处理前后的肺循环梗阻及症状改善情况。结果　 8例经紧急肺动脉造影确诊伴肺动脉高压患者 (男 6例 ,女 2例 ,平均年龄 6 3 3± 15 0岁 )。处理前后Miller指数从 0 5 1± 0 17减小至 0 2 9± 0 15 (P <0 0 0 1) ,肺动脉收缩压从 (5 9 75± 2 2 6 5 )mmHg降至 (42 75± 16 6 4 )mmHg(P <0 0 5 )。术后 7例症状明显改善 ,死亡 1例。置入下腔静脉滤器 2例。经 2周静脉内溶栓、抗凝、抗血小板聚集等治疗 ,7例患者临床表现完全缓解。结论　用普通导管紧急肺动脉内碎栓、吸栓、接触性溶栓治疗能迅速改善重症肺栓塞肺循环梗阻状况 ,改善临床症状 ,未见明显并发症 ,安全有效 ,治疗消费较低廉。     

Acute right ventricular infarction secondary to massive pulmonary embolism

Isolated right ventricular infarction has been found in casesof right ventricular hypertrophy, but there are no reports onright ventricular infarction secondary to massive pulmonaryembolism. Six autopsied patients with massive pulmonary embolismand pure right ventricular infarction, suspected to be secondaryto the embolism, were selected from a population of 216 autopsies.Pulmonary embolism was the suspected diagnosis in five casesdue to typical clinical, electrocardiographic and haemodynamicdata. Right ventricular infarction was a post-mortem finding,not previously diagnosed. In every case the thickness of theright ventricular myocardium was normal. The necrosis of theright ventricle was transmural in four cases and subendcardialin two and the entire right ventricular wall (anterolateralas well as posterior) was involved. No mural thrombi were presentand in no case did the necrosis involve the left ventricle.In one case the coronary arteries were normal, in the otherfive significant lesions of the right or the left coronary arterieswere observed. These lesions may have been, in part, responsiblefor the necrosis of the right ventricle when the massive pulmonaryembolism was added. We conclude that right ventricular infarctionmay be secondary to pulmonary hypertension in the setting ofmassive pulmonary embolism, even in the absence of right ventricularhypertrophy and with normal or stenotic coronary arteries.     

Mobile right heart thrombus and massive pulmonary embolism.

The current report describes a patient with pulmonary embolism, treated unsuccessfully with heparin. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed free-floating right heart thrombus. Migrating deep vein thrombus to the right heart was suspected. Transesophageal echocardiography confirmed origin of the thrombus in the inferior cava vein. Mortality rate of mobile right heart thrombus is over 40%, therefore urgent surgical embolectomy was performed with relief of symptoms.