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《实用口腔医学杂志》2019,(11)
<正>角膜移植是临床治疗严重性角膜病变的最终手段。角膜捐献是角膜移植工作开展的基础,而医院发现潜在角膜捐献者是移植开展的重要环节。供体紧缺匮乏是角膜移植面临的最大难题~([1])。自2015年停止死囚器官使用后,公民器官捐献成为我国唯一合法移植器官来源~([2])。且移植成功率仍不容乐观,失败原因主要在于供体器官维护欠佳,危重患者一旦死亡则无法进行器官捐献~([3]);或患者虽完成移植,但移植器官无法与自身实现完全融合,从而出现诸多并发症,导致移植失败~([4])。因此,保证供体患者生命安全,提高供体器官与受体融合度,增加 相似文献
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我国器官移植近年得到较快的发展,国际上目前所开展的各种器官移植都已开展.但是,长期以来,我国的器官移植面临着严重的来源短缺问题.部委信息数据显示,我国每年有约100万人需要进行肾脏移植,有约30万人需要做肝脏移植.其中,仅有大约1%的患者能够获得器官移植的机会.其中,仅有大约1%的患者能够获得器官移植的机会.我国每百万人中只有0.03人在其身故后自愿进行器官捐献.所以提高全民对器官捐献的认识,建立和完善器官捐献体系,才能使我国的器官移植事业得到可持续发展.本文对近年器官捐献相关研究进展做一简要综述. 相似文献
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A statistical analysis of organ growth in normal SPF rats was performed. Applying the allometric function, the correlation between organ and body weight could be described statistically. In the age range between 25 and 400 days, a significant linear, positive correlation was found between organ and body weight increase in all investigated organs, except the thymus. For each of the 12 organs, allometric curves were established regarding tolerance limits and sex differences. Growth constants were calculated for each organ and sex. It could be shown that, based on allometric analysis, absolute organ weights are a much more reliable parameter to describe growth processes than relative organ weights and therefore should be preferred for comparison. 相似文献
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A statistical analysis of organ growth was performed in 141 beagle dogs. Applying the allometric function, the correlation between organ and body weight could be described statistically. In the age range between 14 and 567 days, a significant linear, positive correlation was found between organ and body weight increase in all investigated organs, excepting the thymus. For each of the 12 organs allometric curves were established and the related tolerance limits and growth constants were calculated. In some organs sex-related differences were seen. The ratio of organ to body weight (relative organ weight) could not be described statistically as a function of age. Therefore, the use of allometric data is recommended instead of relative organ weights for the evaluation of organ weight changes. 相似文献
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目的探讨紫铆素通过免疫抑制功能对莫诺苯宗诱导白癜风小鼠毛发脱色的改善作用。方法 40%莫诺苯宗乳膏诱导小鼠脱色构建白癜风模型,48只C57BL/6小鼠按体质量随机分对照组、模型组、他克莫司组和紫铆素组,每组12只。模型组涂抹40%莫诺苯宗乳膏50 mg,1次/d,他克莫司组在模型组的基础上7 h后涂抹0.1%他克莫司乳膏30 mg,1次/d;紫铆素组在模型组的基础上7 h后0.1%紫铆素乳膏10 mg,1次/d,连续用药50 d。观察并记录小鼠的毛发脱色情况;分离小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞,CFSE法检测T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞增殖情况;采用ELISA法检测各组小鼠血清中IgM、IgA和IgG水平;3H-TdR标记法检测IL-2分泌活性;流式细胞仪检测表面抗原CD19活性。结果与模型组比较,紫铆素能显著改善白癜风小鼠毛发脱色现象,显著降低脱色发生率、显著减小脱色面积,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与模型组比较,紫铆素能显著抑制淋巴细胞增殖活性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与模型组比较,紫铆素能显著降低小鼠血清中IgM、IgG、IgA水平(P0.05),上调IL-2分泌活性和增强表面抗原CD19活性(P0.05)。结论紫铆素可以改善白癜风小鼠毛发脱色的现象,其作用机制可能是通过抑制小鼠自身免疫反应。 相似文献
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目的 报告 3 8例体外循环术后多器官功能衰竭的预防及治疗经验。方法 分析 3 8例多器官功能哀竭患者的临床资料 ,并对多器官功能衰竭的预防及治疗进行探讨。结果 3 8例患者中 ,2 8例两器官衰竭 (心、肺 )者死亡 6例 ,6例 3脏器衰竭者死亡 3例 ,4例 3脏器以上衰竭者死亡 3例。总死亡数占多器官功能衰竭患者 3 1.6% ,占同期心脏手术 1.8%。结论 对危重病人进行术前准备 ,改善心肺功能 ,提高麻醉及手术技巧 ,缩短手术时间 ,正确处理低心排 ,加强呼吸道管理 ,合理应用抗生素 ,防治术后感染以及加强支持治疗 ,是多器官功能衰竭防治的主要手段。 相似文献
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目的:研究雾化吸入羟基喜树碱(HCPT)在小鼠体内和肺中以及其他脏器中的药代 动力学特征.方法:采用HPLC法测定不同时间点小鼠血浆和肺组织以及其他脏器组织中羟基喜树碱的内酯和盐型的浓度,并对雾化吸入给药后的血浆和各个脏器组织中的药物浓度数据进行药代动力学分析.结果:雾化吸入给药后,肺组织中的浓度远远高于血浆和其他器官组织,血浆和其他器官组织中药物浓度较低,并且在肺组织中,内酯型比例较高.结论:雾化吸入羟基喜树碱在肺癌中能达到靶器官中的高浓度和血浆中的低浓度,两者的药物动力学规律有所不同. 相似文献
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Leonid M. Berezhkovskiy 《Journal of pharmaceutical sciences》2012,101(12):4660-4665
It is commonly assumed for linear pharmacokinetics that the total body clearance (CL) is equal to the sum of clearances of individual elimination organs. This is not quite valid because, in general, the concentration of drug in arterial blood entering the elimination organ is not the same as the measured venous blood concentration that is used to calculate CL. Consideration of physiologically based pharmacokinetic model that differentiates between venous and arterial blood shows that CL exceeds the sum of clearances provided by individual organs. Assuming liver as the only elimination organ, it was found that the underestimation of CL by the sum of clearances of individual elimination organs would not exceed 35% for mammals. The underestimation of CL would be more pronounced for high extraction ratio drugs. Thus, for the case when in vivo measured CL considerably exceeds the in vitro predictions (assuming that they provide the organ clearances correctly), a possible reason for discrepancy could be the initial nonlinear phase of drug distribution and excretion. Probably, at this stage a substantial amount of drug is eliminated before distribution into the organs and tissues. 相似文献
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急性脑血管病并发多器官功能衰竭84例临床分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的探讨急性脑血管病(ACVD)并发多器官功能衰竭(MOF)的发病因素、临床特点及转归,总结治疗经验。方法回顾性分析84例ACVD合并MOF患者的临床资料。结果84例中2个脏器衰竭38例,病死率55.26%;3个脏器衰竭25例,病死率72%;4个及以上脏器衰竭20例,病死率100%。结论本病病死率极高,死亡与疾病性质及年龄有关,早期识别及积极有效地防治是减少MOF死亡的重要环节。 相似文献
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Danielle Kovac Jason Choe Esther Liu Jenna Scheffert Jessica Hedvat Anastasia Anamisis David Salerno Nicholas Lange Douglas L. Jennings 《Pharmacotherapy》2021,41(1):59-76
Solid organ transplantation is a life-saving procedure for patients in the end stage of heart, lung, kidney, and liver failure. For patients with more than one failing organ, simultaneous organ transplantation has emerged as a viable treatment option. Immunosuppression strategies and outcomes for simultaneous organ transplant recipients have been reported, but often involve limited populations. Transplanting dual organs poses challenges in terms of balancing immunosuppression with immunologic risk and allograft damage from surgical complications. Furthermore, transplanting certain organs can impose considerations on the management of immunosuppression. For example, liver allografts may confer immunologic privilege and lower rates of rejection of other allografts. This review article evaluates immunosuppression strategies for simultaneous kidney-pancreas, liver-kidney, heart-kidney, heart-liver, heart-lung, lung-liver, and lung-kidney transplants. To date, no comprehensive review exists to address immunosuppressive strategies in simultaneous organ transplant populations. Our review summarizes the available literature and provides evidence-based recommendations regarding immunosuppression strategies in simultaneous organ transplant recipients. 相似文献
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目的 观察多形核中性粒细胞(PMN)在多器官损伤中的作用,PMN活化抑制药己酮可可碱对肠缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用. 方法 采用大鼠肠缺血-再灌注损伤的模型,将大鼠随机分为PTX组(n=15)、缺血-再灌注组(I/R,n=15),假手术组(n=15)和对照组(n=15). 用戊巴比妥钠(40 mg.kg-1)腹腔注射麻醉后,消毒腹部皮肤,铺无菌巾. PTX组和I/R组动物行剖腹术,分离并夹闭肠系膜上动脉,1 h后松夹,PTX组立即给予己酮可可碱(50 mg.kg-1,腹腔注射),I/R组给予等量0.9%氯化钠溶液,关闭腹腔. 再灌注5 h后采集门、体静脉血,取小肠、肝及左肺组织,行右肺灌洗并收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF). 假手术组仅行剖腹术和肠系膜上动脉分离术,不夹闭肠系膜上动脉,关闭腹腔6 h后取标本. 对照组麻醉后立即取标本. 观察指标:肠组织病理分级; 门、体静脉血内毒素测定; BALF中蛋白含量测定; 肠、肺组织中髓过氧化酶(MPO)含量测定及肝组织中PMN浸润程度. 结果 肠缺血-再灌注可导致肠及远端器官肝、肺中PMN聚集明显增加,并伴有这些器官的损伤; 己酮可可碱可明显抑制肠缺血-再灌注引起的PMN聚集,同时肠、肝、肺组织损伤的指标明显改善. 结论 肠缺血-再灌注造成PMN在肠及远端器官中的聚集增多,是导致多器官损伤的重要原因; 己酮可可碱可减轻肠缺血 再灌注引起的多器官损伤,这一作用至少部分是通过抑制PMN的活化和聚集而实现. 相似文献