大鼠孤束核GABAA 和GABAB受体对心血管活动调节的区别

目的： 一定程度上区分孤束核(NTS)内GABAA 和GABAB 受体对血压调节的作用。方法：NTS微注射、NTS损毁及电刺激下丘脑防御反应区,记录血压和心率。结果：GABAA受体拮抗剂荷包牡丹碱能逆转GABA摄取抑制剂3-哌啶甲酸引起的血压升高,GABAB受体拮抗剂CGP 35348则不能;谷氨酸使蝇蕈醇所致的血压升高小幅度下降,对GABAB受体激动剂引起的血压升高无明显影响;刺激下丘脑防御反应区引起的血压升高能被NTS部位注射荷包牡丹碱所阻断,GABAB受体拮抗剂CGP 35348不能。结论：NTS部位的GABAA和GABAB受体在对心血管功能的调控方面存在差异,这些差异可能是由于GABAA受体主要存在于突触后膜,GABAB受体主要存在于突触前膜所造成的。     

蓝斑复合核的呼吸兴奋效应与脑干呼吸中枢的关系

目的 :探讨蓝斑复合核的呼吸兴奋效应与脑干呼吸中枢的关系。方法 :本实验采用脑内核团微量注射的方法。实验在 5 4只麻醉、制动、切断双侧颈迷走神经和人工呼吸的家兔上进行。结果 :在家兔蓝斑复合核微量注入L -谷氨酸钠 (L -Glu)使呼吸频率明显增快 ,动脉血压无明显变化。分别于延髓孤束核 (NTS)、臂旁内侧核(NPBM)和延髓头端腹外侧区 (RVLM)预注射α1受体阻断剂哌唑嗪 ,可明显拮抗L -Glu在Lc -Sc区的呼吸兴奋效应 ;α2 受体阻断剂育亨宾仅在NTS、NPBM区具有阻断L -Glu在Lc-Sc的呼吸兴奋效应 ;β受体阻断剂心得安在NTS、NPBM和RVLM区预注射对L -Glu在Lc -Sc的呼吸兴奋效应均无明显影响。结论 :Lc -Sc区具有呼吸兴奋效应 ,其作用机制主要是通过激活NTS、NPBM和RVLM内的α1受体介导实现 ,NTS、NPBM内的α2 受体也参与此过程。     

高血压大鼠延髓头端腹外侧区GABAB受体中介的心血管效应

目的 证实自发性高血压大鼠延髓头端腹外侧区(RVLM)γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)B受体中介的紧张性抑制作用.方法于大鼠双侧RVLM微量注射2-羟基-saclofen,观察其平均动脉血压(MAP)和心率(HR)变化.结果在SD、WKY、SHR大鼠均引起MAP 升高和HR加快,但SHR大鼠明显低于正常对照组的SD、WKY大鼠(P<0.05).结论 GABAB受体参与中介RVLM的紧张性抑制作用,SHR大鼠RVLM的此紧张性抑制作用明显低于正常血压大鼠.     

高血压大鼠延髓头端腹外侧区GABA_B受体中介的心血管效应

目的 :证实自发性高血压大鼠延髓头端腹外侧区 ( RVL M) γ-氨基丁酸 ( GABA) B受体中介的紧张性抑制作用。方法 :于大鼠双侧 RVL M微量注射 2 -羟基 -saclofen,观察其平均动脉血压( MAP)和心率 ( HR)变化。结果 :在 SD、WKY、SHR大鼠均引起 MAP升高和 HR加快 ,但 SHR大鼠明显低于正常对照组的 SD、WKY大鼠 ( P<0 .0 5)。结论 :GABAB受体参与中介 RVL M的紧张性抑制作用 ,SHR大鼠 RVL M的此紧张性抑制作用明显低于正常血压大鼠。     

延髓孤束核区微量注射组胺的呼吸效应

在35例麻醉、迷走神经切断和自主呼吸的家兔,记录膈神经放电,观察延髓孤束核区(NTS区)微量注射组胺(HA)对呼吸的影响。结果发现:(1)NTS区微量注射HA后,动物呼吸频率明显增快,膈神经放电积分幅度减小;(2)HA的呼吸效应可被H_1受体阻断剂扑尔敏阻断,但不能被H_2受体阻断剂甲氰咪胍阻断;(3)在NTS区单独注射H_1或H_2受体阻断剂对呼吸频率和膈神经放电积分幅度均无影响。这些结果提示,HA对NTS区的吸气神经元具有兴奋性调制作用,此种作用是通过H_1受体实现的。     

化学药物刺激兔延髓腹外侧对动脉血压的调制作用

本试验用兔25只,采用颈前暴露延髓术,观察谷氨酸及甘氨酸刺激兔延髓腹外侧区对动脉血压的影响。结果表明:(1)药液滤纸贴附于双侧 S 区,L—谷氨酸引起血压明显上升,最大效应达基础血压的134.4±3.8%;甘氨酸引起动脉血压明显下降,最大效应达基础血压的72.2±4.0%,两者与对照组比较均有极显著差异(P<0.01)。(2)向兔延髓神经细胞群微量匀速注射此二种药物时,L—谷氨酸引起动脉血压明显上升,最大效应达基础血压的114.7±6.1%(P<0.05);甘氨酸引起血压明显下降,最大效应达基础血压的75.2±4.2%(P<0.01)。(3)将上述两种药液微量注射到兔延髓神经细胞群的尾部,L—谷氨酸则引起动脉血压下降(P<0.05),甘氨酸引起动脉血压上升(P<0.01)。     

中枢一氧化氮对心血管作用的多样性研究

目的 观察一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)在心血管中枢孤束核(NTS)和头端延髓腹外侧区(RVLM)内的心血管作用特点,从而明确其在介导中枢心血管功能调控中的意义。方法 采用微量注射的方法观察麻醉SD大鼠NTS和RVLM增加或降低NO后动物血压、心率和肾交感神经活动的变化。结果 在麻醉SD大鼠模型上,在心血管反射传入的中继站NTS内微量注射NO前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg, 2 nmol/50 nl)能降低基础血压、心率和肾交感神经活动(P<0.05),而注射NO合酶(NOS)抑制剂NG-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME, 10 nmol/50 nl)能增加心血管功能(P<0.05)。在交感输出的关键区域RVLM注射L-Arg (2 nmol/100 nl)能增加血压、心率和交感神经活动(P<0.05),而给予L-NAME (10 nmol/100 nl)则抑制心血管功能(P<0.05)。结论 NO在不同的心血管中枢中具有不同的作用,提示其多样性效应对维持基础心血管功能具有特定的意义。     

电刺激蓝斑复合核区对呼吸和血压的影响及其机制研究

家兔40只,用5V恒压电流刺激一侧蓝斑复合核(Lc-Sc)区,引起呼吸频率明显增加,平均增加值为17.89±4.20次/min((?)±s(?)),与刺激前及刺激Lc-Sc邻区(平均增加值4.28±2.0次/min)相比,差异有极显着意义(P<0.01).刺激时隔神经放电频率增加、血压升高,但均无统计学意义(P>0.05).于双侧孤束核(NTS)区预注射酚妥拉明后,使电刺激Lc-Sc区所致呼吸兴奋效应明显减弱,提示:Lc-Sc区参与呼吸调节,其作用可能部分通过NTS区alpha受体介导。     

兔延髓腹外侧区对颅内压自稳作用的影响

以乌拉坦麻醉兔,给予静脉注射去甲肾上腺素,观察在血压升高的同时,动物的呼吸和在延髓腹侧蛛网膜下腔记录的颅内压变化。结果完整动物血压升高时,潮气量明显减小,而颅内压保持相对稳定。切断双侧颈动脉窦神经和减压神经的动物,注药使血压升高时,仍可见潮气量明显减小,颅内压的增值较完整动物大。电灼损毁双侧延髓腹外侧区后,静脉注射去甲肾上腺素使血压上升时,颅内压增值明显高于其他两组(与完整动物组相比p<0.01,与切断双侧颈动脉窦神经相比p<0.05)。颅内压升高的时程和形式与外周血压的变化相一致。结果表明,在脑灌流压(量)增加时,延髓膜外侧区的功能完整性对保持颅内压相对稳定具有重要作用。     

家兔第四脑室注射γ-氨基丁酸对血压的影响

给麻醉兔第四脑室内注射γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)200μg使血压降低,此作用可被荷包牡丹碱(BIC)或印防己毒素(PIC)预处理所拮抗;安定(DZ)50μg有类似GABA的降压效应;单独注射BIC 10μg或PIC 10μg使血压显著升高;切断双侧颈迷走神经后上述血压改变仍然出现,说明激活中枢GABA受体能使血压降低,提示内源性GABA是参与血压调节的一种抑制性递质。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.