1-(3-甲氧苯基)哌嗪的合成及结构研究

目的合成1-(3-甲氧苯基)哌嗪盐酸盐.方法用乙二醇胺与氯化亚砜在适当的条件下进行反应合成双氯代二乙醇胺盐酸盐,再与3-甲氧基苯胺反应.结果得白色针状结晶并通过熔点、紫外光谱(UV)、红外光谱(IR)、质谱(MS)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)等对合成的化合物进行结构分析得合成化合物为1-(3-甲氧苯基)哌嗪盐酸盐.结论所合成的化合物与目标化合物一致.     

1-(4-羟基苯基)哌嗪氢溴酸盐的合成

以β,β’－二氯代二乙基胺盐酸盐为原始原料,经与对甲氧基苯胺环合反应得到１－（４－甲氧苯基）哌嗪盐酸盐,后者经３７％ＨＢ与醋酐（Ｖ／Ｖ１：１）回流反应脱去甲基,得到１－（４－羟基苯基）哌嗪氢溴酸盐,将所得产物用红外光谱测定结构,通过标准图谱对照,证实合成的化合物与目标化合物结构一致。     

1—（4—甲氧苯基）哌嗪盐酸盐的合成

１－（４－甲氧苯基）哌嗪盐酸盐是本实验室设计的苯基哌嗪类抗高血压的中间体。以二乙醇胺为起始原料,经卤代反应制得β,β′－二氯代二乙基胺盐酸盐,后者经环合反应得到１－（４－甲氧苯基）哌嗪盐酸盐,将所得产物用红外光谱测定其结构,通过与标准图谱对照,证实合成的比合物与目标化合物结构一致。     

1-(2-硝基苯基)哌嗪盐酸盐的合成

目的：比较2种合成路线,合成1-(2-硝基苯基)哌嗪盐酸盐。方法：1．以β,β′-二氯代二乙基胺为起始原料,在质子中和剂存在条件下,经与硝基苯胺环和而得。2．以邻．硝基氯苯为起始原料,在质子性溶剂中,与无水哌嗪进行亲核取代而得。结果：产物经红外光谱测定结构,与标准图谱对照,证实与目标化合物结构一致。结论：方法1在收率与质量上优于方法2。     

2-{[(2-氯-6-氟苯基)氨基]-5-甲基苯基}乙酸的合成及其体外抗肿瘤活性

目的 研究2-{[(2-氯-6-氟苯基)氨基]-5-甲基苯基}乙酸(1)的合成方法.方法 以对甲苯胺和氯乙酰氯为原料经酰胺化、醚化、Smiles重排、氯乙酰化、环合和水解制得最终产物1.结果 标题化合物经元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱和质谱确证,且各中间体经红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱表征.结论 该合成路线实际可行,适合规模化工业生产,总收率66%.     

丁酸氯维地平成品中杂质的合成与结构鉴定

摘 要: 目的 研究丁酸氯维地平主要杂质的结构和产生的原因。方法 以3-羟基丙腈为起始原料,经过酯化、缩合、水解、取代反应制备目标化合物。用液-质联用法推导该杂质结构。结果 按照设计路线,合成出丁酸氯维地平主要杂质。结论 经1H-NMR确证目标化合物结构为4-(2,3-二氯苯基)-1-4-二氢-2-6-二甲基-3,5-吡啶二羧酸双(1-氧代丁氧基)甲酯。     

1-{1-[2-(3,4-二甲氧基)苯基]乙基-5-氰基-6-甲基脲嘧啶-3-}-3-取代氨基-2-丙醇类化合物的合成及其生物活性

目的：寻找高效、低毒、生物活性更为广泛的抗心衰药物。方法：受临床联合用药的启发，根据药物设计中的生物电子等排原理和结构拼合原理，将具有强心活性的1-[2-(3，4-二甲氧基)苯基]乙基-5-氰基-6-甲基脲嘧啶与肛受体阻滞剂中常见的芳氧丙醇胺结构中的丙醇胺片段进行拼合，设计并合成了10个1-{1-[2-(3，4-二甲氧基)苯基]乙基-5-氰基-6-甲基脲嘧啶-3-}-3-取代氨基-2-丙醇类化合物，V1-100结果与结论：所合成的目标化合物均未见文献报道，结构经红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、质谱和元素分析确证。初步药理筛选结果显示，大部分目标化合物有不同程度的强心活性，V9的活性较好。     

2-苄氧基-5-氟-4-嘧啶酮-3-丁酸乙酯的合成及结构鉴定

目的: 合成氟尿嘧啶类衍生物合成中的关键中间体2-苄氧基-5-氟-4-嘧啶酮-3-丁酸乙酯.方法: 以5-氟尿嘧啶为原料, 经4步反应合成目标产物,并用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)进行了结构确证.结果: 2-苄氧基-5-氟-4-嘧啶酮和γ-溴代丁酸乙酯反应得到两个化合物.结论: 通过IR谱确证一个化合物是目标物2-苄氧基-5-氟-4-嘧啶酮-3-丁酸乙酯,另一化合物是它的同分异构体.     

吡啶氧基苯基哌嗪取代丙醇类α1受体拮抗剂的合成

目的 设计合成具有α1受体拮抗活性的1-(吡啶-3-氧)-3-(4-苯基-1-哌嗪)-2-丙醇类化合物.方法 在NaH存在下,3-羟基吡啶衍生物(1)和3-氯-1,2-环氧丙烷(2)在DMF中于60℃反应生成3-(吡啶-3-氧)-1,2-环氧丙烷(3),再经苯基哌嗪对环氧开环,合成了1-(吡啶-3-氧)-3-(4-苯基-1-哌嗪)-2-丙醇衍生物(4).所合成的化合物经MS、1H-和13C-NMR谱确证其结构.结果 采用两步反应合成了1-(吡啶-3-氧)-3-(4-苯基-1-哌嗪)-2-丙醇衍生物,这些化合物具有明显的α1受体拮抗活性.结论 该合成方法适合于吡啶氧基苯基哌嗪取代丙醇类衍生物的合成,总收率达68％以上.     

β-烯胺酮类化合物的合成与结构鉴定

目的 研究合成烯胺酮类化合物的新路线.方法 以含活泼甲基、亚甲基的酮为原料.以甲酸乙酯为羰基化试剂,得到多一个醛羰基的酮,再与二甲胺盐酸盐作用,在室温下反应,合成了9个β-烯胺酮类化合物.结果 目标化合物经红外光谱、质谱、核磁共振氢谱和单晶衍射确证了结构.结论 合成路线起始原料便宜,改进后的工艺操作简单,适合大批量生产...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.