原发性输尿管息肉15例临床分析

目的 探讨原发性输尿管息肉的临床特点与诊治方法。方法 回顾性分析15例原发性输尿管息肉的临床表现、诊断方法和治疗原则。结果 1例行肾切除加输尿管大部切除术，3例行病变节段输尿管切除加输尿管端端吻合术，7例行病变节段输尿管切除加肾盂成形术或输尿管膀胱吻合术，4例经输尿管镜息肉电切和电灼术。术后12例获随访6～68个月，未见息肉复发及恶变。结论 原发性输尿管息肉确诊依靠输尿管镜检查及活检，行病变节段输尿管切除术可以治愈，经输尿管镜息肉电切和电灼术是治疗本病的理想方法。     

输尿管息肉的诊断和治疗(附22例报告)

目的　探讨输尿管息肉的诊断与治疗体会。方法　回顾性分析 2 2例输尿管息肉患者的临床资料 ,结合文献进行讨论。结果　 2 2例共 2 4侧输尿管息肉患者中 ,2例行肾盂成形 ,7例行单纯息肉切除 ,7例行病变段输尿管切除加端端吻合 ,1例行输尿管下段及部分膀胱切除加输尿管膀胱重植 ,2例行病变段肾输尿管切除 ,3例行输尿管镜检加钬激光息肉电灼。全部病例均获治愈并经病理证实。结论　IVU (分泌性尿路造影 )加输尿管逆行造影检查可能对诊断输尿管息肉有帮助 ,其特征是边缘光滑锐利的充盈缺损。输尿管息肉的治疗以手术为主 ,应根据息肉的大小、数量、部位及肾脏受累程度选择单纯切除术、输尿管部分切除术和肾盂成形术等。输尿管镜检查与处理是诊断和治疗输尿管息肉的最好方法之一。     

原发性输尿管息肉的诊断和治疗(附9例报告)

目的：提高对原发性输尿管息肉的诊断和治疗水平。方法：回顾性分析9例原发性输尿管息肉的诊断方法和治疗原则。结果：1例行肾切除加输尿管大部分切除术，8例行病变输尿管节段性节段性切除术加肾盂成形术或输尿管再植术，术后5例获随访2－74个月，未见息肉复发及恶变，结论：术前确诊依靠输尿管镜检查及活检，行病灶段输尿管局部切除术可以治愈，不必行肾输尿管切除术。     

输尿管息肉的诊断与治疗（附16例报告）

目的探讨输尿管息肉的诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾分析16例原发性输尿管息肉患者的临床资料,其中2例行肾输尿管大部切除术,10例行病变输尿管切除加肾盂成形术或输尿管再植术,4例行息肉切除加基底电灼术。结果术后12例获得2-60个月随诊,未见息肉复发与恶变。结论X线造影是重要的诊断方法,术前确诊需依靠输尿管镜检查加组织活检。根据病变数量、累及输尿管范围及患者肾功能决定手术方法。     

原发性输尿管息肉17例诊疗分析

目的探讨原发性输尿管息肉的诊断与治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1995~2007年收治的17例原发性输尿管息肉患者的临床资料,并结合文献讨论其诊断与治疗方法。结果17例患者中,肾及输尿管大部切除术2例,输尿管病变段切除肾盂成形术3例,病变段切除输尿管再吻合术9例,3例行输尿管镜下息肉切除。全部病例均获病理证实。术后随访6～24月,未发现息肉复发与恶变。结论静脉肾盂造影和逆行造影是诊断输尿管息肉常用的方法,术前确诊需输尿管镜活检。手术治疗以病灶局部切除为主。根据病变数量、累及输尿管范围及患者肾功能确定手术方案。     

原发性输尿管息肉的诊治探讨(附12例报告)

目的总结原发性输尿管息肉的诊治经验。方法回顾分析12例原发性输尿管息肉的诊断方法和治疗原则。结果12例中2例行肾切除加输尿管大部切除术,10例行病变输尿管节段性切除术加肾盂成形术或输尿管再植术。术后10例获4-36个月随访,未见息肉复发及恶变。结论肾盂输尿管造影有助于原发性输尿管息肉的诊断,必要时可行手术探查。输尿管镜是诊治此病的有效方法。     

原发性输尿管息肉的诊断与治疗(附12例报告)

目的总结原发性输尿管息肉的诊治经验。方法回顾分析12例原发性输尿管息肉的诊断方法和治疗原则。结果2例行肾切除加输尿管大部分切除术,10例行病变输尿管节段性切除术加肾盂成形术或输尿管再植术。术后10例获4~36个月随访,未见息肉复发及恶变。结论肾盂输尿管造影有助于原发性输尿管息肉的诊断,必要时可行手术探查。输尿管镜是诊治此病的有效方法之一。     

输尿管息肉的诊断和治疗（附40例报告）

目的：探讨输尿管息肉的临床特点与诊治方法。方法：回顾性分析1995～2010年天津医科大学第二医院的40例输尿管息肉患者的资料,并结合文献对之诊断治疗行进一步探讨。结果：患者年龄18～76岁,平均35．5岁,多因患侧腰腹部不同程度的胀痛不适入院。40例共48侧输尿管息肉患者中,6例行肾盂输尿管成形;26例行息肉切除,其中15例加端端吻合;4例行输尿管下段切除加输尿管膀胱再植;4例行病变段。肾输尿管切除。术后病例均获治愈并经病理证实。结论：输尿管息肉缺乏特异性的临床表现,确诊和鉴别诊断依靠病理活检,基本的治疗方法有输尿管部分切除断端吻合术,腔内手术治疗有着很好的应用前景。     

15例原发性输尿管息肉的诊治

目的 探讨原发性输尿管息肉的诊断与治疗方法,为该疾病的诊治提出方向性指导.方法 回顾性分析2009年5月至2014年6月收治的15例原发性输尿管息肉患者的临床资料.其中6例单发的输尿管息肉采取开放手术行输尿管病变切除肾盂成形术,3例行输尿管病变切除输尿管对端吻合术,3例行输尿管镜下息肉钬激光切除术,3例行腹腔镜下输尿管病变切除输尿管对端吻合术.结果 全部病例术后均获病理证实为输尿管息肉.术后随访6～12个月,未发现病变复发与恶变.结论 术前行逆行造影及输尿管镜检查是较为可靠的诊断方式.而近年来采取磁共振检查敏感性较高.开放手术处理输尿管息肉效果确切.输尿管镜下钬激光治疗输尿管息肉具有损伤小,恢复快等优势,但其远期效果则仍待观察.     

输尿管纤维上皮性息肉的诊断与外科治疗

目的 探讨输尿管纤维上皮性息肉的诊断与外科手术方法,加强对输尿管纤维上皮性息肉的认知,及其外科治疗的有效性和安全性.方法 回顾性分析了北京协和医院2001年6月-2014年12月收治的29例输尿管纤维上皮性息肉患者的临床资料.年龄11 ～84岁,其中男性19例,女性10例.20例因为腰痛就诊,7例为查体发现肾脏积水就诊,2例为血尿就诊.结果 29例患者均行手术治疗,15例患者采用输尿管镜钬激光技术治疗,10例行输尿管息肉段切除+输尿管端端吻合术,1例合并重复肾输尿管的患者行输尿管息肉段切除+输尿管成形术.2例行输尿管息肉段切除+肾盂成行术,1例患肾积水严重且无功能,行肾输尿管全长切除术.术后随访10～56个月,除1例肾切除外,28例保留肾单位者均无复发,无输尿管狭窄等并发症发生.结论 输尿管纤维上皮性息肉临床少见,局部切除是主要的治疗方法,输尿管镜下治疗安全有效,并发症少,较少复发.     

医源性输尿管损伤并发上尿路梗阻的外科治疗策略

目的：研究医源性输尿管损伤后并发上尿路梗阻的病理基础。探讨处理医源性输尿管损伤后梗阻的外科治疗策略。方法：回顾性分析自2007年2月～2009年4月,上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院泌尿外科诊治的16例输尿管腔内操作致医源性输尿管损伤并发上尿路梗阻的患者。患者平均年龄49岁。所有患者输尿管损伤后均曾成功留置D-J管4～6周。就诊时平均术后时间9．8个月（3～18个月）。通过磁共振水成像（MRU）评价输尿管梗阻累及部位、梗阻段长度及输尿管瘢痕组织厚度。以STORZF7.9。输尿管镜检查患侧输尿管。对于患侧输尿管管腔通畅者行开放输尿管梗阻段切除术,并对该段输尿管行病理检查。对于输尿管镜证实受累输尿管存在机械性梗阻,狭窄段长度〈2cm的患者行输尿管镜下钬激光输尿管内切开术。所有患者术后留置D-J管6周。术后6个月以静脉尿路造影（IVu）评价手术效果。结果：在4例患者中,STORZF7.9。输尿管硬镜成功进镜至肾盂,未发现患侧输尿管机械性梗阻。予切除瘢痕增生段输尿管,病理检查提示输尿管全层增厚伴慢性炎症,纤维组织增生,平滑肌细胞排列杂乱,但黏膜层尿路上皮完整且无明显增生。另12例患者经输尿管硬镜检查证实机械性梗阻存在,行钬激光输尿管内切开术。术后6个月随访显示,4例行开放手术患者均未出现输尿管再狭窄。12例行输尿管钬激光内切开患者中3例上尿路梗阻复发。行狭窄段切除,6个月后随访见上尿路积水消失。结论：在部分输尿管损伤后上尿路梗阻的患者,其输尿管管腔通畅,动力性梗阻可能占主导地位。对于这些患者外科手术切除输尿管狭窄段可能是最佳选择。输尿管腔内钬激光内切开术适用于狭窄段较短（〈2cm）且不伴严重输尿管增厚的患者,但远期复发率较高。尿外渗是加重输尿管损伤后纤维瘢痕形成的重要因素,在合并严重尿外渗的患者中,经皮肾穿刺（PCN）引流可能减轻局部纤维瘢痕反应,改善患者预后。     

Selection of operative procedure for circumcaval ureter (type I). A rational approach

The surgical treatment of circumcaval ureter (type I) should eliminate the ureteric obstruction which is of variable causation. At operation, the aetiology of the obstruction can be determined by inspection of the extent of ureteric dilatation, perfusion-pressure study and calibration of the lumen. Using this approach, the cause of the obstruction was found to be nonstenotic intrinsic obstruction of the retrocaval segment in two cases of type I circumcaval ureter. In these patients, resection of the obstructing segment and uretero-ureterostomy were carried out. The third patient had pelviureteric junction stenosis which was treated by dismembered pyeloplasty after ureteric relocation.     

Diagnostic and therapeutic advantages of rigid ureteroscopy: retrospective study of 304 cases

Uretroscopy has become a common tool for the diagnosis and management of the upper urinary tract. Between April 1994 and Decembre 1999, 304 ureteroscopy procedures were performed. The most common therapeutic procedure was stone manipulation in 299 cases (distal ureter 259 cases, mid-ureter 23 cases, lumber ureter eight cases and staged in nine cases). Procedure was made by a rigid ureteroscope 8.5 Ch or 11.5 Ch. Dorinia was used in 175 cases (57.5%) with or without fragmentation by ultrasound. Therapeutic ureteroscopy was also used to remove a double-J stent that had migrated into the pelvic ureter in one case and in three cases of ureteral tumor. It was used in one case to confine the extrinsic compression of a ureteral stenosis. Median follow up was 12 months (6-36 months). The overall success rate was 87.6%. Results are comparable in men and women (P = 0.8). Success rate was 90% in single lithiasis and 76.2% in case of numerous stones (P = 0.0094). There was a statistically significant difference in success rate between stones 15 mm or under in size (89% stone-free) and those 15 mm (66% stone-free) or larger. In conclusion, rigid ureteroscopy is a minimally invasive and reliable technique for the management of ureteric calculi and for the diagnosis and treatment of other ureteric lesion.     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石186例

目的 探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石的临床疗效。方法 采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石186例。结果 一次性结石粉碎率为87．1％(162／186)；并发症发生率3．2％(6／186)，以输尿管穿孔和感染为主。结论 输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石疗效确切，安全，创伤小。     

A case of ureteral polyp in childhood

A case of ureteral polyp in a 7-year-old boy with the chief complaint of left flank pain was reported. The excretory urogram and retrograde pyelography showed left hydronephrosis and a filling defect at the pelvic-ureteric junction. Partial resection of the ureter containing the lesion and Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty were performed. The pathological diagnosis was benign polyp of the ureter. Convalescence was uneventful and excretory urogram showed improvement of the hydronephrosis. Along with our case, 19 cases of ureteral polyp in childhood are briefly discussed.     

组合式输尿管软镜在一期诊断和治疗肾盂癌中的应用

目的探讨组合式输尿管软镜在一期诊断和治疗肾盂癌中的应用价值。方法回顾分析我院肾盂癌病例资料,其发病隐匿,诊断难度大。9例肾盂癌患者运用组合式输尿管软镜一期诊断,并采用。肾盂癌根治术（肾、输尿管全长切除及膀胱输尿管开口袖套状切除）的临床资料。结果术后病理检查均为浸润性尿路上皮细胞癌（高级别8例,低级别1例）。TNM临床分期：I期5例、Ⅱ期4例。术后定期膀胱内灌注化疗,定期复查膀胱镜,目前所有患者未见肿瘤复发。结论组合式输尿管软镜,可以提高肾盂癌的诊断率,一期完成肾盂癌根治性切除,减少患者手术创伤和手术并发症。     

Anterograde ureteroscopy in the extraction of lumbar ureteral calculi

Antegrade ureteroscopy can be used to extract certain lumbar ureteric stones in which the only alternative treatment is surgery. The technique of caliceal puncture is that of percutaneous nephrostomy: the ureteroscope is introduced through the Amplatz tube. The ureteric stone is removed by a basket probe, two-pronged forceps or hydroelectric shattering, 16 patients have undergone antegrade ureteroscopy; a rigid ureteroscope was used in 9 cases (2 residual fragments including 1 which migrated) and a flexible ureteroscope was used in 7 cases (3 failures). The overall success rate for the technique of 68% should improve with better selection of the indications (stone with a maximum diameter of 12 mm without retraction of the adjacent ureter and without kinking of the excretory tract) and with greater experience of the operators.     

钬激光结合输尿管镜治疗泌尿系结石

目的:探讨钬激光结合输尿管镜腔内治疗泌尿系结石的安全性、有效性。方法:采用钬激光联合输尿管镜治疗泌尿系结石380例。结果:单次手术结石粉碎率达90.8%(345/380),其中肾结石成功率为81.8%(54/66),输尿管上段结石单次碎石成功率为93.1%(284/305),中、下段结石为97.9%(91/93),膀胱结石及尿道结石为100%(9/9)。结论:钬激光联合输尿管镜碎石术治疗泌尿系结石安全、有效,手术技巧容易掌握;尤其适用于结石合并输尿管狭窄、结石合并息肉形成或结石嵌顿包裹,以及体外冲击波碎石失败的患者。     

输尿管镜配合肾筋膜扩张器的临床应用

目的：拓宽肾筋膜扩张器及输尿管镜在泌尿外科的应用范围。方法：应用输尿管镜配合肾筋膜扩张器治疗尿道狭窄、尿道闭锁、肾膀胱造瘘管脱落、女性输尿管下段狭窄患者共37例。结果：37例手术均成功完成。结论：应用输尿管镜配合肾筋膜扩张器治疗尿道狭窄、尿道闭锁、肾膀胱造瘘管脱落、女性输尿管下段狭窄安全、简便、有效,是值得临床推广应用的新方法。