Early stage nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma: clinical outcome,prognostic factors,and the effect of treatment modality

PURPOSE: To determine the clinical outcome, prognostic factors, and effect of adding combination chemotherapy to radiation therapy on disease control and survival in early stage nasal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective "intent to treat" analysis was carried out on 79 patients treated consecutively with curative intent between 1977 and June 2001. They all had early stage (Ann Arbor Stage I(E): 63, II(E):16) nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Sixty-one were planned for combined modality treatment (CMT); radiotherapy alone (RT) was intended for 18. Three to 6 cycles of anthracycline-containing regimens were aimed at for patients intended for CMT. Patients selected for RT were generally older or treated during the earlier part of the study period. RESULTS: The overall complete response (CR) rate was 68.4% (54/79), of whom 44.4% (24/54) relapsed after 54.9 months median follow-up of the survivors. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 35.5% and 37.9%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, good performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] <2) was shown to be a significant favorable factor for DFS (p = 0.011), whereas good performance status (ECOG <2) and Ann Arbor Stage I(E) disease were shown to be significant favorable factors for OS (p = 0.001 and p = 0.013, respectively). The type of intended treatment was not a significant factor for DFS (5-year DFS CMT vs. RT = 35.8% vs. 30.5%, p = 0.795) or OS (5-year OS CMT vs. RT = 40.3% vs. 29.8%, p = 0.693) though only 2 of the 16 Stage II(E) patients were intended for RT alone. Resistance to treatment, especially to chemotherapy, was common. Of 61 patients intended to be given CMT, 31 showed disease progression while receiving chemotherapy, of whom 17 progressed locoregionally. Nine of the latter group were rendered CR by salvage radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: The overall outcome in early stage nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma is poor. Performance status and Ann Arbor stage are significant factors influencing DFS and OS. The addition of anthracycline-containing chemotherapy to radiotherapy does not appear to confer any survival benefit in Stage I(E) patients. Therefore, radiation therapy remains the mainstay of treatment for this lymphoma type.     

Early or up-front radiotherapy improved survival of localized extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type in the upper aerodigestive tract

PURPOSE: To investigate the role of early or up-front radiotherapy (RT), the optimal RT dose required to achieve appropriate treatment outcome and prognostic factors for patients with localized extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type, in the upper aerodigestive tract. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eighty-two patients were reviewed. Eight patients were treated with chemotherapy (CT) alone, 9 patients received RT alone, and 65 patients were given combined modality treatment of CT and RT (CMT). Of those 74 patients receiving RT, 31 patients were given up-front RT, whereas CT was the initial therapy for 43 patients and 41 of those 43 patients received early RT. RESULTS: Five-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were 52.3% and 39.2%, respectively. RT was the only independent prognostic factor for both OS and DFS at both the univariate and multivariate level. The 5-year OS and DFS were better in patients receiving >or=54 Gy of RT as compared with that of <54 Gy (5-year OS 75.5% vs. 46.1%, p = 0.019; 5-year DFS 60.3% vs. 33.4%, p = 0.004). Up-front RT presented better survival in Stage I patients when compared with that of initial CT followed by early RT (5-year OS 90.0% vs. 48.9%, p = 0.012; 5-year DFS 78.7% vs. 39.9%, p = 0.021). CONCLUSION: Early or up-front RT had an essential role in improved OS and DFS in patients with localized extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type, in the upper aerodigestive tract. The recommended tumor dose was at least 54 Gy. Up-front RT may yield more benefits on survival in patients with Stage I disease.     

早期鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤治疗方法和预后分析

目的 探讨不同治疗方法对早期鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤预后的影响.方法 回顾分析15年问85例ⅠE、ⅡE期鼻腔NK/T淋巴瘤放疗及CHOP为主化疗的疗效.单纯化疗(单化组)20例,放疗后±化疗(放化组)17例(单纯放疗11例),化疗后放疗(化放组)48例.生存率计算采用Kaplan-Meier法,并Logrank法检验,Cox回归模型进行多因素分析.结果 全组5年生存率为40%,单化纽、放化组和化放组的分别为13%、54%和47%,放化纽和化放组均优于单化组(P=0.030和0.049).ⅠE局限组与超腔组的5年生存率分别为57%与28%(χ2=8.87,P=0.003),ⅡE期的为23%,与ⅠE超腔组相似(χ2=0.19,P=0.664).近期疗效达到完全缓解与未完全缓解的5年生存率分别为58%与12%(χ2=30.68,P=0.000).放疗剂量≤50 Gy与>50 Gy的完全缓解率分别为56%和86%(χ2=6.11,P=0.013),5年无复发生存率分别为89%与84%(χ2=0.36,P=0.551).首程化疗的68例中≤2、3～4、≥5个疗程者分别为18、20、30例,完全缓解率分别为0%、20%、33%(χ2=7.65,P=0.022).首程先化疗且≥3个疗程的50例和先放疗≥40 Gy的17例的完全缓解率分别为28%和88%(χ2=18.75,P=0.000).结节型和溃疡型的完全缓解率放疗均优于化疗(100%:38%,2X=7.92,P=0.005和100%:11%,χ2=14.40,P=0.000).多因素分析显示临床分期和近期疗效是影响预后的独立因素.结论 早期鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤首程应选择50 Gy放疗为宜.对于ⅠE期超腔与ⅡE期应酌情联合化疗,但CHOP方案效果欠佳.     

37例鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤临床分析

目的分析鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的临床特征、不同治疗方法的疗效及影响预后的因素。方法回顾性分析1999年12月至2008年4月收治的37例经病理证实的鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者的临床资料。根据AnnArbor分期,Ⅰ期17例,Ⅱ期15例,Ⅲ期1例,Ⅳ期4例。单纯放疗8例,单纯化疗9例,其余20例采用放化疗联合治疗。单因素分析采用Kap lan-M e ier法,多因素分析运用Cox比例风险模型。结果全组中位生存时间27月,3年总生存（OS）率为50.0%,放化疗联合、单纯放疗、单纯化疗3年生存率分别为77.8%、50.0%、0%。单纯放疗、放化疗联合治疗后3年生存率明显高于单纯化疗（P〈0.01）;放化疗联合与单纯放疗治疗后3年生存率无明显差异（P〉0.05）。单纯化疗CR 1例（11.1%）,单纯放疗CR 6例（75.0%）,放化疗联合CR 16例（80.0%）,单纯放疗、放化疗联合治疗后CR率明显高于单纯化疗（P〈0.01）;放化疗联合与单纯放疗治疗后CR率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。单因素分析显示,PS评分、IPI、LDH水平、临床分期、治疗模式、首程治疗后CR率等与预后相关。多因素分析显示,首程治疗后CR率、PS评分是鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤预后不良的独立因素。结论鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤单纯放疗、放化疗联合近期疗效显著优于常规化疗,化疗加入放疗并未改善生存率。首程治疗后CR率、PS评分可作为判断鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤预后的参考因素。     

放疗在早期鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤综合治疗中作用及预后分析

目的 探讨放疗在ⅠE～ⅡE期结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤综合治疗中的作用及其预后因素.方法 回顾分析1990-2006年收治的177例患者,其中单纯化疗37例(中位4周期),化疗(中位3周期)+放疗(中位剂量52 Gy)128例,单纯放疗(中位剂量58 Gy)6例,放疗(中位剂量54 Gy)+化疗(中位5周期)6例.结果 首程化疗后有效(CR+PR)率为65.3%,接受放疗后的为92.8%(x2=28.63,P<0.01).接受放疗的局部控制率(80.9%)优于单纯化疗者(50.0%;x2=14.39,P<0.01);5年总生存率分别为53.4%和18.3%(x2=23.38,P<0.01),无进展生存率分别为45.0%和10.9%(x2=23.46,P<0.01).首程化疗后有效与无效(SD+PD)者接受放疗的局部控制率、5年总生存率均明显优于单纯化疗者[83.5%与76.2%优于50.0%(x2=14.13,P<0.01;x2=5.78,P<0.01)、56.2%与48.6%优于18.3%(x2=28.87,P<0.05;x2=4.80,P<0.05)].结论 放疗比化疗能显著提高早期结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的有效率、局部控制率和生存率,对化疗后局部肿瘤无效者也有显著疗效.根治性放疗应成为早期鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的首选治疗手段.     

不同治疗方案对鼻、鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤疗效分析

目的 探讨鼻、鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的临床特征、治疗方法和预后.方法 收集自2004年1月-2010年1月在我院住院治疗的29例鼻、鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者临床资料,分析其临床特点、治疗方案及预后.结果:治疗分CHOP方案组及L-ASP组,总有效率分别为56.3%和75.9%（P=0.045）.两组5年OS率和DFS率分别为43.75%、61.54%（P=0.038）及18.8%、46.15%（P=0.009）,具有统计学意义.难治组7例经VDLP方案补救化疗后总有效率为71.3%.B组症状、临床分期及KPS评分可能对患者的生存产生影响.结论:对于临床早期的鼻、鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者,初治时可以选择CHOP方案治疗,而中、晚期病例及CHOP方案治疗无效的病例,选择以左旋门冬酰胺酶为主的联合化疗结合放疗综合治疗可取得较好疗效.     

Treatment outcome of radiotherapy alone versus radiochemotherapy in early stage nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma

This study aims to investigate the prognostic factors and long-term treatment outcome in patients with early stage nasal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma. Sixty-four patients were recruited in this study, whose clinical and laboratory data were collected from hospital records. Early stage (stage IE: 51, stage IIE: 13) nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma (NNTCL) was established according to Ann Arbor staging classification. Among these patients, 23 received radiotherapy (RT) alone, the remaining 41 cases were treated with radiochemotherapy (RCT) comprised of 1–6 cycles of anthracycline-based chemotherapeutic regimens. Results show that the median overall survival (OS) time was 41 months. The 5-year OS and progression-free survival rates were 59.2 and 52.3%, respectively. The 5-year OS rate for patients who received RT alone was 57.9%, whereas that for patients who received RCT was 61.5% (P = 0.47). There is no significant difference between two treatment modalities. Multivariate analysis showed that Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) score ≥ 2, local tumor invasion out of nasal cavity, and lower complete remission (CR) rates in the initial treatment were significant unfavorable independent prognostic factors. Taken together, our study suggests that RCT did not improve the survival rate of patients with early stage NNTCL. PS score before treatment, local tumor invasion out of nasal cavity, and CR rate of the primary treatment may be independent prognostic factors among the subtype lymphoma entity.     

不同治疗方案对鼻、鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤疗效分析

目的：探讨鼻、鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的临床特征、治疗方法和预后。方法：收集自2004年1月-2010年1月在我院住院治疗的29例鼻、鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者临床资料,分析其临床特点、治疗方案及预后。结果：治疗分CHOP方案组及L-ASP组,总有效率分别为56.3%和75.9%（P=0.045）。两组5年OS率和DFS率分别为43.75%、61.54%（P=0.038）及18.8%、46.15%（P=0.009）,具有统计学意义。难治组7例经VDLP方案补救化疗后总有效率为71.3%。B组症状、临床分期及KPS评分可能对患者的生存产生影响。结论：对于临床早期的鼻、鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者,初治时可以选择CHOP方案治疗,而中、晚期病例及CHOP方案治疗无效的病例,选择以左旋门冬酰胺酶为主的联合化疗结合放疗综合治疗可取得较好疗效。     

原发鼻腔非霍奇金淋巴瘤的治疗选择和疗效

目的 分析原发鼻腔非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）放疗和化疗的近期疗效以及治疗方法对预后的影响。方法 129例经病理证实的原发鼻腔NHL患者中,经形态学诊断为鼻腔NK／T细胞淋巴瘤者116例。做免疫组化57例,其中52例为NK／T细胞来源,占91．2％;5例为B细胞来源,占8．8％。根据Ann Arbor分期,ⅠE期102例,ⅡE期22例,ⅣE期5例,ⅠE和ⅡE期患者中,单纯放疗22例,单纯化疗7例,综合治疗95例,ⅣE期以化疗为主。结果 5年总生存率（OS）和无病生存率（DFS）分别为68．0％和55．8％,ⅠE期和ⅡE期患者的5年OS分别为71．7％和70．6％（P=0．77）,DFS分别为60．9％和47．0％（P=0．09）。首程治疗后达CR患者的5年OS为83．1％,而未达CR患者的5年OS为18．0％（P=0．000）,相应5年DFS分别为68．0％和15．5％（P=0．000）。124例ⅠE和ⅡE期患者中,67例患者接受单纯放疗或放疗后化疗,放疗后完全缓解率（CR）为74．7％,其余57例为化疗后放疗或单纯化疗,化疗后CR率仅19．3％（P=0．000）,46例化疗后未达CR的患者中,42例仍局限于局部区域,31例经放疗达到CR,ⅠE和ⅡE期患者中,先放疗组（放疗＋化疗或单纯放疗）、化疗后放疗组的5年OS分别为76．0％和74．4％,DFS分别为65．0％和56．2％（P〉0．05）,ⅠE和ⅡE期单纯化疗7例,3例存活,4例死亡,中位生存时间15个月,1年生存率为26．7％。结论 中国人原发鼻腔NHL主要为NK／T细胞来源,放疗的近期疗效显著优于化疗,化疗加入放疗并未改善生存率,ⅠE和ⅡE期患者应以放射治疗为主要治疗手段。     

15例原发喉NK/T细胞淋巴瘤临床特征及预后分析

目的 分析原发喉的结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的临床特征及预后。方法 回顾性分析15例原发喉的结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者的临床资料,利用Kaplan-Meier方法计算其总生存(OS)及疾病无进展生存(PFS),利用单因素分析比较不同临床因素对预后的影响。结果 全组15例患者中,男性13例,中位发病年龄为40岁。8例患者的病变局限在喉内,仅4例存在颈部淋巴结受侵。Ann Abor分期Ⅰ期11例,Ⅱ期3例,Ⅲ期1例。全组患者的中位OS为28.0个月,5年OS为32.0%;中位PFS为24.7个月,5年PFS为33.3%。14例Ⅰ/Ⅱ期患者中,接受放化疗综合治疗的预后显著优于单纯放疗及单纯化疗组(中位OS:37.2 ∶11.2 ∶3.7个月,P=0.004)。结论 原发于喉的结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤非常罕见,中年男性为主,一般情况较好,早期病变为多,预后较差。放化疗综合治疗的疗效似乎优于单纯放疗或化疗。     

Localized aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the nasal cavity: a survey by the Japan Lymphoma Radiation Therapy Group

Purpose: To clarify the role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with localized aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) originating in the nasal cavity.

Methods and Materials: The survey, administered at 25 Japanese institutes in 1998, enabled us to collect the clinical data for 787 patients with localized aggressive NHL who were treated between 1988 and 1992.

Results: There were 42 patients (5%) with nasal lymphomas. Twelve of these patients received radiotherapy alone, and 30 were treated with a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The median radiation dose was 47 Gy (22–66). Twelve patients were reviewed histopathologically according to REAL (Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid neoplasms) classification. T-cell or natural killer (NK) cell lymphomas were detected in 9 patients (75%), and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas in 3 (25%). The 5-year overall and disease-free survival (DFS) rates of all patients were 57% and 59%, respectively. The 5-year DFS rate for the 30 patients treated with the combined therapy was 64% and that for the 12 patients treated with radiotherapy alone was 46% (p = 0.021). For the 34 patients with stage-modified International Prognostic Index (m-IPI) 0–1, the 5-year DFS rates of those treated with the combined therapy and radiotherapy alone were 68% and 45%, respectively (p = 0.020), but there was no difference in DFS rate among the two groups of patients with m-IPI 2–3. The 5-year local control rates of the patients who received >46 Gy (n = 22) and ≤46 Gy (n = 20) were 95% and 76% (p = 0.087), respectively. There was no significant difference among the 5-year DFS rates (62% vs. 67%) and local control rates (87% vs. 100%) of the patients with T-cell or NK-cell lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Conclusions: Patients with nasal lymphomas (m-IPI 0–1) should be treated with combined therapy. For the patients with high risk (m-IPI 2–3), the effectiveness of combined therapy was not clarified because of the small number of the patients. A high radiation dose >46 Gy may need to be used to achieve good local control.     

Treatment outcome of angiocentric T-cell and NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: radiotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of angiocentric T-cell and natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. METHODS: Between February 1989 and March 2001, 53 patients with newly diagnosed angiocentric T-cell and NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type involving the head and neck, were treated with radiation therapy (RT). There were 37 males and 16 females. The median age of the patients was 45 years (range 19-73). Twenty of them were treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT), while 33 with treated with RT alone. The median follow-up period was 74 months (range 6-173). RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival rate of all patients was 69%. CRT appeared to be inferior to RT alone in terms of 5-year overall survival, though the difference was not statistically significant (59 versus 76%, P = 0.27). CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in survival between RT and CRT in angiocentric T-cell and NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type.     

99例结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤预后分析

背景与目的：结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的临床及预后存在明显的异质性,以早期病变为主,常见原发灶局部外侵,早期患者放疗为主要治疗手段。本研究旨在分析早期结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者的临床特征、治疗方案、生存预后及可能影响预后的相关因素。方法：收集河北医科大学第四医院2010年1月—2015年12月病理证实的早期NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者99例,发病平均年龄45.5岁（6~76岁）,男女发病比例2.1∶1;56.6%患者伴有B症状;单纯放疗7例,单纯化疗29例,放化综合治疗63例;中位放疗剂量52 Gy（34~60 Gy）,含左旋门冬酰胺酶或培门冬酶化疗患者73例,不含19例,中位化疗周期为6个（1~12个）。结果：全组患者中位生存时间59.9个月,中位局控时间73.5个月。全组患者1、2和5年总生存率分别为76.8%、68.8%和61.4%;1、2和5年局控率分别为84.5%、81.6%和78.3%;1、2和5年无远处失败生存率分别为83.4%、83.4%和76.8%。单纯放疗或放化疗与单纯化疗比较,5年总生存率为66.0%和47.3%（χ²=4.782,P=0.029）,5年局控率为85.8%和58.7%（χ²=5.949,P=0.015）。不伴原发肿瘤侵犯（primary tumor invasion,PTI）患者与伴有PTI患者比较,5年总生存率为71.5%和55.5%（χ²=4.950,P=0.026）;5年局控率为81.5%和72.0%（χ²=0.983,P=0.321）。全组近期疗效评价达CR者62例（62.6%）,治疗有效率83.8%,疾病控制率85.8%。评价CR患者与非CR患者5年生存率为84.1%和27.6%（χ²=31.566,P=0.000）;5年局控率为92.2%和52.4%（χ²=18.417,P=0.000）。结论：早期结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者单放或放化综合治疗比单纯化疗疗效好,与生存有关的独立预后因素有Ann Arbor分期和乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase,LDH）,与局控有关的独立预后因素仅有LDH。     

129例原发鼻腔非霍奇金淋巴瘤的预后分析

背景与目的：原发鼻腔非霍奇金淋巴瘤（non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,NHL）预后较差．远处转移和局部复发率均较高．目前本病尚无标准治疗原则。本研究主要探讨影响原发鼻腔NHL的预后因素。方法：1996年1月至2002年12月共收治129例经病理证实的原发鼻腔NHL。116例经病理形态学诊断为鼻腔NK／T细胞淋巴瘤。根据Ann Arbor分期,ⅠE期102例,ⅡE期22例,ⅣE期5例。124例ⅠE／ⅡE期患者单纯放疗22例,单纯化疗7例,45例放疗后化疗,50例化疗后放疗。5例ⅣE期以化疗为主。结果：全组5年总生存率（overall survival,OS）和无病生存率（disease-freely survival,DFS）分别是68．0％和55．8％。ⅠE期和ⅡE期患者的5年OS分别是71．7％和70．6％（P=0．77）,DFS分别是60．9％和47．0％（P=0．09）。首程治疗后完全缓解（complete response,CR）的患者5年OS为83．1％,而未达CR患者的5年OS为18．0％（P〈0．01）,相应5年DFS分别为68．0％和15．5％（P〈0．01）。国际预后指数（international prognostic index,IPl）评分为0,1和≥2的5年OS分别为81．1％、60．1％和14．3％（P〈0．01）,DFS分别为68．8％、44．6％和22．5％（P〈0．01）。38例患者治疗中进展或疗后复发,远处结外器官复发占78．9％,是治疗失败主要原因。单因素分析显示,首程治疗后的CR率、一般状态评分（performance status,PS）、IPI和修订后IPI与预后相关。多因素分析显示仅治疗后的CR率是独立预后因素。结论：治疗后的CR率是影响原发鼻腔NHL的重要预后因素,原因以远处病灶治疗失败为主。     

鼻型NK/T细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤预后因素探讨(附93例长期随访结果分析)

背景与目的:鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(NK/T-celllymphoma,NK/TCL)是一种特殊类型的淋巴瘤,常有局部坏死穿孔、感染和发热,单用化疗效果不佳,以放化疗综合治疗效果较好。本研究目的是分析鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的临床特征、近期疗效、远期生存以及影响预后的因素,为诊断和治疗提供新经验。方法:回顾性分析中山大学肿瘤防治中心1997年1月至2004年6月间收治的93例鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的临床特征、疗效和不良反应。采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,COX模型进行多因素分析。结果:93例患者中Ⅰ Ⅱ期75例(80.6%),Ⅲ Ⅳ期18例(19.4%);就诊时主要症状为鼻塞、流涕和鼻出血等,确诊前病程1～24个月,中位病程6.5个月;临床检查发现有硬腭和/或鼻中隔穿孔表现者15例(16.1%),35例(37.6%)有发热等B症状。37例(39.8%)采用单一治疗(单纯化疗35例、单纯放疗2例),54例(58.0%)采用化、放疗联合,2例(2.2%)未行任何治疗;一线化疗多采用CHOP类方案或EPOCH方案。全组总有效率84.4%(76/90),CR率64.4%(58/90);单纯化疗有效率67.6%(23/34),CR率41.2%(14/34);放疗加化疗有效率94.4%(51/54),CR率83.3%(45/54),2例未行任何治疗者均在半年内死亡。化疗主要不良反应为骨髓抑制,Ⅲ～Ⅳ度粒细胞减少、血小板减少和贫血的发生率分别为37.7%、13.7%和10.7%;放疗不良反应主要为Ⅰ～Ⅱ度粘膜损伤和骨髓抑制;其他不良反应少见。全组死亡62例(66.7%),1、3和5年生存率分别为63.4%、43.1%和17.6%。多因素分析结果显示,硬腭和/或鼻中隔穿孔、B症状和治疗模式为独立的预后因素(P值分别为0.035、0.000和0.004)。结论:对鼻型NK/T淋巴瘤采用单纯化疗疗效较差,而化、放疗联合疗效较好,但远期生存情况仍不满意,需寻找提高鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤疗效的治疗方案。     

Unfavorable prognosis of elderly patients with early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma

BackgroundExtranodal nasal-type NK (natural killer)/T-cell lymphoma in elderly patients is rare, and its prognosis is unclear. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of this lymphoma.Patients and methodsWe analyzed 24 patients (age, >60 years old) with early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma. Among these patients, 23 received radiotherapy alone (n = 15) or radiotherapy and chemotherapy (n = 8) and 1 received chemotherapy alone.ResultsElderly patients with early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma were characterized by male predominance, good performance, large proportion of localized disease, more comorbidities, low-risk international prognostic index, and unfavorable prognosis. The 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) rates for all patients were 54.3%, 42.0%, and 40.2%, respectively. The 5-year CSS, OS, and PFS rates were 43.5%, 36.6%, and 34.1% in patients who received radiotherapy alone, and 50%, 50%, and 50% in patients who received radiotherapy and chemotherapy, respectively (P = 0.852 for CSS, P = 0.801 for OS, and P = 0.694 for PFS). Four patients died of treatment-related mortality.ConclusionElderly patients with early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma exhibit poor prognosis and need special attention because of high treatment-related mortality.     

A multicenter study of the prognosis and treatment of adult brain ependymal tumors

BACKGROUND: The current analysis of outcomes in a large series of adult patients with intracranial ependymal tumors contributes to the characterization of the primary prognostic factors and to the therapeutic management of this rare disease, for which limited information is available in the literature. METHODS: The authors analyzed data on patient and tumor characteristics, treatment, and survival in a series of 70 patients age > 17 years with pathologic diagnoses of brain ependymal tumors from 4 institutions. RESULTS: The 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates (+/- standard errors) were 67% +/- 6% and 50% +/- 8%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year failure-free survival (FFS) rates were 43% +/- 7% and 24% +/- 6%, respectively. Younger age and infratentorial tumor location were associated with longer survival. Among patients with Grade 2 ependymoma (n = 51), 21 (41%) received no postsurgical treatment. These 21 patients had a 5-year OS rate of 78% +/- 10% and a 10-year OS rate of 68% +/- 13%; the 5- and 10-year FFS rates for these patients were 47% +/- 12% and 12% +/- 11%, respectively. Twenty-six patients with Grade 2 ependymoma (51%) received postoperative radiotherapy (RT). These 26 patients had a 5-year OS rate of 71% +/- 9% and a 10-year OS rate of 59% +/- 11%; the 5- and 10-year FFS rates for these patients were 54% +/- 10% and 34% +/- 10%, respectively. Among patients with Grade 2 ependymoma, neither OS nor FFS differed significantly between those who did not receive postoperative RT and those who did; however, these two groups were heterogeneous with respect to prognostic factors. On multivariate analysis, RT use exhibited a trend toward improved OS and was significantly predictive of improved FFS. CONCLUSIONS: The current analysis does not rule out the possibility that deferral of RT at the time of recurrence could have a detrimental effect on FFS or OS in patients with Grade 2 ependymoma, regardless of the degree of ablation. The role of postoperative RT for patients who undergo imaging-based macroscopic total resection remains to be addressed.     

Localized non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the thyroid gland

BACKGROUND: The current study was undertaken to define the natural history and patterns of failure of localized non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) involving the thyroid gland. METHODS: A retrospective review of 51 patients with Ann Arbor Stage I or II NHL involving the thyroid gland was performed. The median age of the patients was 59 years. There were 33 females. There were 21 patients with Stage I disease and 30 patients with Stage II disease. The International Prognostic Index (IPI) was known for 43 patients (it was 0 in 16 patients and > or = 1 in 27 patients). Fifteen patients had mediastinal involvement. Four patients underwent thyroidectomy, 18 patients received radiation therapy, 5 patients received chemotherapy, and 24 patients received combined modality therapy (CMT) with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Treatment modality, patient gender, IPI, disease stage, and mediastinal involvement were examined for significance with regard to overall survival (OS) and failure free survival (FFS). RESULTS: The 5-year OS and FFS rates were 64% and 76%, respectively. The 5-year FFS rates by treatment regimen were 76% for radiation therapy, 50% for chemotherapy, and 91% for CMT (P = 0.15). IPI was found to be the only significant predictor of OS. The 5-year OS rates were 86% and 50%, respectively, for IPIs of 0 and > or = 1 (P = 0.02). None of the 5 variables were found to correlate significantly with FFS, although the 5-year FFS rates were 93% and 68%, respectively, for IPIs of 0 and > or = 1 (P = 0.08). Eleven patients failed treatment. Nine patients had a component of distant failure across the diaphragm. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of patients with localized NHL involving the thyroid gland appears to be very good, especially when CMT is used. Distant recurrences appear to account for the majority of treatment failures. The IPI was found to be a significant prognostic factor for OS and a marginal one for FFS.     

Concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a factorial study.

PURPOSE: To study the efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with Ho's stage T3 or N2/N3 NPC or neck node > or = 4 cm were eligible. Patients were randomly assigned to have radiotherapy (RT) or CRT with uracil and tegafur and to have AC or no AC after RT/CRT. AC comprised alternating cisplatin, fluorouracil, vincristine, bleomycin, and methotrexate for six cycles. There were four treatment groups: A, RT; B, CRT; C, RT and AC; D, CRT and AC. For CRT versus RT, groups B and D were compared with groups A and C. For AC versus no AC, groups C and D were compared with groups A and B. RESULTS: Three-year failure-free survival (FFS) and overall survival (OS) for CRT versus RT were 69.3% versus 57.8% and 86.5% versus 76.8%, respectively (P =.14 and.06; n = 110 v 109). Distant metastases rate (DMR) was significantly reduced with CRT (14.8% v 29.4%; P =.026). Locoregional failure rates (LRFR) were similar (20% v 27.6%; P =.39). Three-year FFS and OS for AC versus no AC were 62.5% versus 65% and 80.4% versus 83.1%, respectively (P =.83 and.69; n = 111 v 108). DMR and LRFR were not reduced with AC (P =.34 and.15, respectively). Cox model showed CRT to be a favorable prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio, 0.42; P =.009). CONCLUSION: An improvement in OS with CRT was observed but did not achieve statistical significance. The improvement seemed to be associated with a significant reduction in DMR. AC did not improve outcome.     

早期原发鼻腔与韦氏环NK/T细胞淋巴瘤临床特征和预后比较

目的 探讨Ⅰ_E~Ⅱ_E期原发鼻腔与原发韦氏环NK/T细胞淋巴瘤在临床特征和预后等方面的差别。方法 回顾分析1991-2011年本院初治的273例患者,其中Ⅰ_E期184例,Ⅱ_E期89例。原发鼻腔(NC-NKTL)209例和原发韦氏环(WR-NKTL)64例。258例(94.5%)患者先接受化疗,多数患者接受CHOP或类似方案化疗,放疗中位剂量为54 Gy。结果 与NC-NKTL相比,WR-NKTL中Ⅱ_E期和有B症状者显著增多。两组治疗后有效率相近(88.7%和87.9%,P=0.869)。随访率96.3%,随访时间满5年者196例。5年总生存率(OS)和无进展生存率(PFS)分别为52.6%和41.4%,其中NC-NKTL的5年OS有高于WR-NKTL的趋势(57.0%∶39.0%,P=0.062),而5年PFS则高于WR-NKTL的(46.7%∶25.8%,P=0.019)。结论 早期原发韦氏环NK/T细胞淋巴瘤较原发鼻腔病变更易发生全身症状和颈部淋巴结转移,预后较差,临床上考虑提早放疗和颈部淋巴结预防照射。