Role of renin–angiotensin aldosterone system on short-term blood pressure variability in hypertensive patients

The relationship between the renin–angiotensin aldosterone system and short-term blood pressure variability has not been well elucidated. Here, we investigated whether blood pressure variability determined by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring differed among patients with primary aldosteronism (PA), renovascular hypertension (RVHT), and essential hypertension (EHT). We examined 25 patients with PA, 28 patients with RVHT, and 18 patients with EHT. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was conducted in all patients. Short-term blood pressure variability was evaluated by calculating the standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), and average real variability (ARV) of 24-h, daytime, and nighttime blood pressure values. Day–night differences in blood pressure were also determined. The mean 24-h systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the PA and RVHT groups were found to be comparable to those in the EHT group. The SD, the CV, nor the ARV of the 24-h, daytime, and nighttime blood pressures showed any significant differences among the three groups. The day–night differences in blood pressure were comparable among the three groups. The short-term blood pressure variabilities evaluated by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were comparable among the patients with EHT, RVHT, and PA. The results suggest that the renin–angiotensin aldosterone system may contribute little to short-term blood pressure variability in individuals with hypertension.     

A型主动脉夹层术后严重高胆红素血症并发急性肾损伤患者的预后及危险因素

目的 探讨A型主动脉夹层术后严重高胆红素血症并发急性肾损伤（AKI）患者的预后及危险因素。 方法 回顾性筛选西京医院2015年1月~2018年12月行A型主动脉夹层手术治疗的患者,术后同时发生严重高胆红素血症和AKI的患者被纳入研究。研究终点包括住院死亡和长期死亡。采用单因素和多因素分析住院死亡相关的危险因素,使用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线来评估患者的长期生存率以及AKI的不同分期对长期生存的影响。 结果 221例患者被纳入研究,50例患者接受持续性肾脏替代治疗（CRRT）,82例患者住院死亡。1年、2年和3年累积病死率分别是39.0%、40.2%和41.1%。多因素Logistic 回归分析显示,A型主动脉夹层术后严重高胆红素血症并发AKI患者死亡的独立危险因素为:术后第1天平均动脉压（OR0.967,95%CI 0.935-1.000;P<0.01）、术后机械通气时长（OR 1.189,95%CI 1.003-1.410;P<0.05）、术后总输血量（OR 1.019,95%CI 1.003-1.036;P<0.05）以及AKI 3期（OR 12.639,95%CI5.409-34.388;P<0.01）。 结论 A型主动脉夹层术后严重高胆红素血症并发AKI患者的住院病死率以及长期病死率较高。AKI 3期,术后较低的平均动脉压,延长的术后机械通气以及增加的术后输血量是患者住院死亡的危险因素。因此,临床医生应该更密切地监测具有这些高风险的患者。     

Predictors and in-hospital outcomes of preoperative acute kidney injury in patients with type A acute aortic dissection

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common after surgery for acute aortic dissection (AAD) and increases in-hospital and long-term mortality. However, few data exist on the clinical and prognostic relevance of early preoperative AKI in patients with type A AAD. We aimed to determine the incidence and predictors of preoperative AKI and the impact of AKI on in-hospital outcomes in patients with type A AAD. Methods From May 2009 to June 2014, we retrospectively enrolled 178 patients admitted to our hospital within 48 h from symptom onset and receiving open surgery for type A AAD. The patients were divided into no AKI and AKI groups and staged with AKI severity according to the KDIGO criteria before surgery. Results AKI occurred in 41 patients (23.0%). The incidence of in-hospital complications was significantly higher in patients with preoperative AKI compared to no AKI (41.5% vs. 9.5%, P < 0.001), including renal infarction (7.3% vs. 0, P = 0.012), and it increased with AKI severity (P_trend < 0.001). Patients with AKI had higher in-hospital mortality compared with patients without AKI, although no significant difference was found (14.6% vs. 5.1%, P = 0.079). Multivariate analysis indicated that male gender, diastolic blood pressure on admission and bilateral renal artery involvement were independent predictors of preoperative AKI in patients with type A AAD. Conclusions Early AKI before surgery was common in patients with type A AAD, and was associated with increased in-hospital complications. Male gender, diastolic blood pressure on admission and bilateral renal artery involvement were major predictors for preoperative AKI.     

A型主动脉夹层术后急性肾损伤患者接受连续性肾脏替代治疗的预后因素

目的 分析Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后出现急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury, AKI）并接受连续性肾脏替代治疗（continuous renal replacement therapy, CRRT）的患者预后因素。 方法 筛选2015年4月 ~ 2018年3月西京医院收治A型主动脉夹层心脏手术后出现AKI并接受CRRT治疗的患者,记录患者术前、术中、术后临床资料,按患者是否存活分为2组:存活组(n = 32)和死亡组(n = 34)。 结果 最终纳入66例患者,年龄（49 ± 9）岁,男性占91%,术前血肌酐（144 ± 77）μmol/L。其中,34例患者死亡（52%）。多因素Logistic回归分析表明术中红细胞输注的量（HR = 3.169, 95% CI 1.180 -8.513;P < 0.05）和术后多脏器功能衰竭（HR = 3.575, 95% CI 1.196 -10.687;P < 0.05）是A型主动脉夹层术后出现AKI并接受CRRT的患者死亡独立危险因素。 结论 对于A型主动脉夹层术后需要CRRT治疗的AKI患者,术中输注红细胞量越多以及术后出现多脏器功能衰竭患者的死亡风险越大。     

Postoperative acute kidney injury and early and long-term mortality in acute aortic dissection patients: A meta-analysis

Objective:To evaluate the impact of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) on early and long-term mortality in patients with acute aortic dissection by conducting a meta-analysis.Methods:An extensive literature search was performed in PubMed and Embase databases until February 15, 2020. Observational studies that reported the associations between postoperative AKI and early (in-hospital and within 30 days) or long-term mortality in patients with acute aortic dissection were included.Results:Seven studies comprising 1525 acute aortic dissection patients were identified. A random effect meta-analysis showed that postoperative AKI was significantly associated with higher risk of long-term mortality (risk ratio [RR] 2.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.50–3.59). Subgroup analysis revealed that the pooled RR of long-term mortality was 1.42 (95% CI 0.90–2.22) for stage 1 AKI, 1.72 (95% CI 0.95–3.12) for stage 2 AKI, and 4.46 (95% CI 2.72–7.32) for stage 3 AKI, respectively. Furthermore, postoperative stage 3 AKI was associated with an increased risk of early mortality (RR 11.3; 95% CI 4.2–30.5).Conclusions:This meta-analysis provided clinical evidence that postoperative stage 3 AKI is associated with higher risk of early and long-term mortality, even after adjusting important confounding factors. However, the current findings should be interpreted with caution due to the retrospective nature and limited number of studies analyzed.     

Impact of acute kidney injury after extended liver resections

BackgroundComplex liver resection is a risk factor for the development of AKI, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Aim of this study was to assess risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) and its impact on outcome for patients undergoing complex liver surgery.MethodsAKI was defined according to the KDIGO criteria. Primary endpoint was the occurrence of AKI after liver resection. Secondary endpoints were complications and mortality.ResultsOverall, 146 patients undergoing extended liver resection were included in the study. The incidence of AKI was 21%. The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hepatocellular carcinoma were significantly higher in patients with AKI. In the AKI group, the proportion of extended right hepatectomies was the highest (53%), followed by ALPPS (43%). Increased intraoperative blood loss, increased postoperative complications and perioperative mortality was associated with AKI. Besides age and CKD, ALPPS was an independent risk factor for postoperative AKI. A small future liver remnant seemed to increase the risk of AKI in patients undergoing ALPPS.ConclusionFollowing extended liver resection, AKI is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. ALPPS is a major independent risk factor for the development of AKI and a sufficient future liver remnant could avoid postoperative AKI.     

高血压患者血清总胆红素水平与血压变异性的关系

目的 探讨血清总胆红素水平对高血压患者的血压水平及血压变异性的影响.方法 本研究为回顾性观察性研究,连续纳入在2019年9月至2020年3月在宣城市人民医院心血管内科住院并确诊为高血压的患者,并完善动态血压及动态心电图检查.本研究以动态血压测量参数中24 h收缩压标准差和24 h舒张压标准差作为血压变异性指标.应用多元...     

急性冠脉综合征患者PDCD4表达与血压变异性的相关性

目的 对急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者程序性细胞死亡因子4（PDCD4）表达进行研究，并探讨其与血压变异性的相关性。 方法 选择2019年1月～2021年1月联勤保障部队第904医院收治的270例ACS患者作为研究对象，根据Gensini评分结果将95例患者分到轻度病变组（0～30）分，102例患者分到中度病变组（31～60）分、73例患者分到重度病变组（>60）分。对所有研究对象进行连续24 h血压监测，记录24 h平均收缩压标准差（24 h mSBP-SD）、24 h平均舒张压标准差（24 h mDBP-SD）、白天平均收缩压标准差（d mSBP-SD）、白天平均舒张压标准差（d mDBP-SD）、夜间平均收缩压标准差（n mSBP-SD）和夜间平均舒张压标准差（n mDBP-SD）。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）检测CD4+T细胞PDCD4 mRNA表达水平，采用免疫印迹法检测CD4+T细胞PDCD4蛋白表达水平；采用Pearson法分析ACS患者PDCD4 mRNA和蛋白表达与血压变异性的相关性。 结果 三组基线资料相比差异无统计学意义。血压变异性方面:中度病变组和重度病变组与轻度病变组比较、重度病变组与中度病变组比较，患者的24 h mSBP-SD、24 h mDBP-SD、d mSBP-SD、d mDBP-SD、n mSBP-SD与n mDBP-SD数值均明显增加（均P<0.01）。三组患者CD4+T细胞PDCD4 mRNA和蛋白表达等分子生物学数据方面，中度病变组和重度病变组与轻度病变组比较、重度病变组与中度病变组比较，患者CD4+T细胞PDCD4 mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显增加（均P<0.01）。Pearson法分析结果显示，ACS患者CD4+T细胞PDCD4 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均与24 h mSBP-SD、24 h mDBP-SD、d mSBP-SD、d mDBP-SD、n mSBP-SD及n mDBP-SD呈正相关（P<0.01）。 结论 PDCD4与ACS患者的血压变异性有关，可能用于评估患者病情严重程度。     

急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后急性肾损伤发生风险列线图预测模型的建立

目的 建立急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层（ATAAD）修复术后急性肾损伤（AKI）风险的疾病预测列线图模型。 方法 回顾性分析2017年1月～2021年1月就诊于兰州大学第一医院的194名ATAAD患者的23项临床资料。分为Non-AKI组和AKI组,利用LASSO回归和Logistic回归进行筛选预测因素,使用R语言建立列线图预测模型,使用C指数、校准图、ROC曲线和决策曲线分析评估预测模型的识别、校准和临床有用性。 结果 Logistic回归分析示心衰、肝功能不全、肾功能不全、异常心电图、心包积液及肾动脉夹层是影响ATAAD术后AKI的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。预测模型使用R语言建立,并以列线图的形式呈现。C指数为0.779,通过内部验证C指数为0.748,AUC值为0.778,该模型显示出良好的预测能力。 结论 AKI列线图具有良好的预测能力,可用于ATAAD患者术后AKI的预测。     

Relationship between acute kidney injury before thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair and in-hospital outcomes in patients with type B acute aortic dissection

Objective Acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently occurs after catheter-based interventional procedures and increases mortality. However, the implications of AKI before thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) of type B acute aortic dissection (AAD) remain unclear. This study evaluated the incidence, predictors, and in-hospital outcomes of AKI before TEVAR in patients with type B AAD. Methods Between 2009 and 2013, 76 patients were retrospectively evaluated who received TEVAR for type B AAD within 36 h from symptom onset. The patients were classified into no-AKI vs. AKI groups, and the severity of AKI was further staged according to kidney disease: improving global outcomes criteria before TEVAR. Results The incidence of preoperative AKI was 36.8%. In-hospital complications was significantly higher in patients with preoperative AKI compared with no-AKI (50.0% vs. 4.2%, respectively; P < 0.001), including acute renal failure (21.4% vs. 0, respectively; P < 0.001), and they increased with severity of AKI (P < 0.001). The maximum levels of body temperature and white blood cell count were significantly related to maximum serum creatinine level before TEVAR. Multivariate analysis showed that systolic blood pressure on admission (OR: 1.023; 95% CI: 1.003–1.044; P = 0.0238) and bilateral renal artery involvement (OR: 19.076; 95% CI: 1.914–190.164; P = 0.0120) were strong predictors of preoperative AKI. Conclusions Preoperative AKI frequently occurred in patients with type B AAD, and correlated with higher in-hospital complications and enhanced inflammatory reaction. Systolic blood pressure on admission and bilateral renal artery involvement were major risk factors for AKI before TEVAR.     

每日间血压变异性与急性缺血性卒中后转归的相关性

目的 探讨急性缺血性卒中后1周内每日间血压变异性与6个月时转归的相关性.方法 连续登记2013年1月至2015年12月住院治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者,监测入院后7d内每日清晨血压并计算血压变异性参数.随访6个月,根据改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,mRS)进行转归评价,转归良好定义为mRS评分0～2分.比较转归良好组与转归不良组的临床特征、血压和每日间血压变异性参数.应用多变量logistic回归分析确定每日间血压变异性参数与6个月时转归的相关性.结果 共纳入169例患者,其中89例(52.7％)转归不良.转归不良组每日间平均收缩压[(147.1±15.9)mmHg对(139.6±19.0)mmHg;t2.666,P=0.008;1 mmHg=0.133 kPa]、收缩压标准差[中位数和四分位数间距:16.5(13.7 ～19.4)mmHg对13.4(10.7 ～ 18.3)mmHg;Z=2.909,P=0.004]和收缩压最大值与最小值之差[47.0(38.0 ～56.0)mmHg对37.0(29.0 ～49.0)mmHg;Z=3.634,P＜0.001]均显著高于转归良好组.多变量logistic回归分析显示,每日间收缩压极差值增大是急性缺血性卒中发病后6个月时转归不良的独立危险因素(优势比1.028,95％可信区间1.007～1.050;P =0.008).结论 急性缺血性卒中急性期每日间血压变异性高与转归不良独立相关.     

The prognosis and risk factors for acute kidney injury in high-risk patients after surgery for type A aortic dissection in the ICU

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a major complication of cardiac surgery, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for the incidence and prognosis of AKI in high-risk patients before and after surgery for acute type A aortic dissection (TAAD) in the intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study from April 2018 to April 2019. The primary end points of this study were morbidity due to AKI and risk factors for incidence, and the secondary end points were mortality at 28 days and risk factors for death.ResultsWe enrolled 60 patients, 52 (86.67%) patients developed postoperative AKI, 28 (53.84%) patients died. Preoperative lactic acid level (P=0.022) and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) duration (P=0.009) were identified as independent risk factors for postoperative AKI. The 28-day mortality for postoperative patients with TAAD was 46.67%, 53.84% for those with TAAD and AKI, 67.5% for those who required continue renal replacement therapy (CRRT). The risk factors for 28-day mortality due to postoperative AKI for patients requiring CRRT were CPB duration (P=0.019) and norepinephrine dose upon diagnosis of AKI (P=0.037).ConclusionsMorbidity due to AKI in postoperative patients with TAAD was 86.67%, and preoperative lactic acid level and CPB duration were independent risk factors. The 28-day mortality of postoperative patients with TAAD was 46.67%, 53.84% for those with TAAD and AKI, and 67.5% for those requiring CRRT. CPB duration and norepinephrine dose upon diagnosis of AKI may influence patients’ short-term prognosis.     

The relationship between visit-to-visit variability in systolic blood pressure and all-cause mortality in the general population: findings from NHANES III, 1988 to 1994

Recent data suggest that visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure is associated with stroke incidence. Correlates of increased visit-to-visit variability in blood pressure and the relationship between variability and all-cause mortality were examined using data on US adults ≥ 20 years of age from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 956). Three consecutive blood pressure readings were taken during 3 separate study visits from 1988 to 1994. Based on the mean of the second and third measurements from each visit, visit-to-visit blood pressure variability for each participant was defined using the standard deviation and coefficient of variation across visits. Mortality was assessed through December 31, 2006 (median follow-up = 14 years; n = 240 deaths). The mean of the standard deviation for systolic blood pressure across visits was 7.7 mm Hg. After multivariable adjustment, older age, female gender, history of myocardial infarction, higher mean systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, and use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors were associated with higher standard deviation in systolic blood pressure. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality associated with a standard deviation of systolic blood pressure of 4.80 to 8.34 mm Hg and ≥ 8.35 mm Hg, versus <4.80 mm Hg, were 1.57 (95% CI, 1.07 to 2.18) and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.03 to 2.18), respectively. Results were similar when coefficient of variation for systolic blood pressure was evaluated. Visit-to-visit variability for diastolic blood pressure was not associated with mortality. In this population-based study of US adults, higher levels of short-term visit-to-visit variability in systolic blood pressure were associated with increased all-cause mortality.     

The effect of timing of cardiac catheterization on acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery is influenced by the type of operation

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a vexing complication of cardiac surgery. Since exposure to contrast agents is a relevant contributing factor in the development of postoperative AKI, the optimal timing between cardiac catheterization and surgery is decisive.

Methods

A total of 2504 consecutive nonemergent patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), valve surgery (with or without concomitant CABG), and proximal aortic procedures were enrolled. AKI was defined by consensus RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of function, End-stage renal disease) criteria. The association of postoperative AKI and time between cardiac catheterization and operation was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression modeling and propensity-matched analysis.

Results

Postoperative AKI occurred in 230 (9%) patients. The median number of days from cardiac catheterization to operation was 5 (25th to 75th percentile: 2 to 10). The incidence of AKI was significantly higher in patients operated on ≤ 1 day after cardiac catheterization compared to those operated on > 1 day after (13% vs. 8%, p = 0.004). The time interval between cardiac catheterization and surgery (tested both as a continuous and a categorical variable) was not an independent AKI predictor in the propensity-matched population or the pre-matched one. Contrast exposure ≤ 1 day before surgery was independently associated with postoperative AKI in patients undergoing valve surgery with concomitant CABG only (post-matched: OR 3.68, 95%CI 1.30 to 10.39, p = 0.014).

Conclusions

Delaying cardiac surgery beyond 24 h of exposure to contrast agents seems to be justified only in patients undergoing valve surgery with concomitant CABG.     

Acute kidney injury after composite valve-graft replacement for ascending aorta aneurysms

Acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery is a continuing source of morbidity and mortality. Although several studies have attempted to determine its etiology and prophylactic measures, limited data exist after thoracic aortic surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and predictors of AKI in patients undergoing aortic root replacement (ARR) with valve conduit for ascending aorta aneurysms. A multi-center observational study of 414 patients undergoing ARR with a valve conduit was conducted, focusing on clinical outcome and AKI defined by consensus RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss of function, end-stage renal disease) criteria. Mean age was 62.5 years (range: 21–82 years) with 327 males (79%). Emergent operations were performed in 5% of the cases, while concomitant surgical procedures were performed in 24.9%. Postoperative AKI (all RIFLE classes) occurred in 69 (16.7%) patients, while eight (1.9%) required dialysis. Independent AKI predictors were packed red blood cells (pRBCs) >4 units (OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.20–4.30), cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time longer than 180 min (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.16–3.73), and concomitant surgical procedures (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.04–3.29). The severity of RIFLE class was associated with longer ICU stay, hospitalization, and higher hospital mortality (p < 0.001 for each variable). AKI after ARR operations with valve conduit for ascending aorta aneurysms increases utilization of health resources and is associated with adverse events. Concomitant surgical procedures, prolonged CPB-time, and pRBCs >4 units as independent AKI predictors merit further researches enhancing possible preventive strategies.     

缓解期慢性支气管炎对高血压患者血压变异性的影响研究

背景慢性支气管炎与高血压存在共同的危险因素,但目前国内外尚缺乏关于缓解期慢性支气管炎与高血压患者血压变异性关系的研究。目的探讨缓解期慢性支气管炎对高血压患者血压变异性的影响。方法选取2019年7月-2020年2月在宣城市人民医院心血管内科治疗的高血压患者160例为研究对象。根据患者临床诊断是否合并缓解期慢性支气管炎将其分为缓解期慢性支气管炎组24例和非缓解期慢性支气管炎组136例。收集并比较两组一般资料、血液生化指标[同型半胱氨酸、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、载脂蛋白A1、载脂蛋白B、脂蛋白(a)、肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸、血清葡萄糖]、24 h动态血压监测参数(白天收缩压平均值、白天舒张压平均值、白天平均血压、白天收缩压负荷、白天舒张压负荷、夜间收缩压平均值、夜间舒张压平均值、夜间平均血压、夜间收缩压负荷、夜间舒张压负荷、全天收缩压平均值、全天收缩压负荷、全天舒张压平均值、全天舒张压负荷、全天平均血压、收缩压下降率、舒张压下降率、全天脉压、24 h收缩压标准差、24 h舒张压标准差、24 h收缩压变异性、24 h舒张压变异性、动态动脉硬化指数)。采用一元线性回归分析和多元线性回归分析探讨高血压患者24 h收缩压变异性和24 h舒张压变异性的影响因素。结果缓解期慢性支气管炎组吸烟、糖尿病史者所占比例和尿素氮、尿酸高于非缓解期慢性支气管炎组(P <0.05)。缓解期慢性支气管炎组全天脉压、24 h收缩压标准差、24 h收缩压变异性大于非缓解期慢性支气管炎组(P <0.05)。一元线性回归分析结果显示,性别(B=-0.029,t=2.040)、糖尿病史(B=0.047,t=4.458)、动态动脉硬化指数(B=0.039,t=2.491)、缓解期慢性支气管炎(B=0.042,t=4.113)可能是高血压患者24 h收缩压变异性的影响因素(P <0.05);性别(B=-0.021,t=2.025)、年龄(B=0.002,t=2.112)、糖尿病史(B=0.024,t=2.393)可能是高血压患者24 h舒张压变异性的影响因素(P <0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,糖尿病史(B=0.030,t=2.731)、缓解期慢性支气管炎(B=0.034,t=2.211)是高血压患者24 h收缩压变异性的影响因素(P <0.05);糖尿病史是高血压患者24 h舒张压变异性的影响因素(B=0.025,t=2.701,P <0.05)。结论缓解期慢性支气管炎是高血压患者24 h收缩压变异性的影响因素,尚未发现其是24 h舒张压变异性的影响因素。     

Impact of blood pressure variability on cardiovascular events in elderly patients with hypertension.

Blood pressure variability is one of the characteristic features of hypertension in the elderly. However, its clinical significance remains to be determined. We therefore examined the impact of blood pressure variability on the development of cardiovascular events in elderly hypertensive patients. A total of 106 consecutive hypertensive patients aged more than 60 years old (mean age, 73.9 +/- 8.1 years old; male, 54%), all of whom underwent 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, were followed up (median, 34 months; range, 3-60 months). During the follow-up period, 39 cardiovascular events were observed, including 14 cases of cerebral infarction and 7 cases of acute myocardial infarction. The coefficient of variation (CV) of 24-h systolic blood pressure (SBP) values was used as an index of blood pressure variability. The patients showed a mean CV value of 10.6%, and were divided into two groups according to this mean value as a cut-off point: a high CV group (n = 46) and a low CV group (n = 60). Although baseline clinical characteristics were similar in the two groups, Kaplan-Meier plots for event-free survival revealed that the rate of cardiovascular events was significantly higher in high CV group than in low CV group (p < 0.05). Cox's proportional hazards analysis showed that increased blood pressure variability (a high CV value of 24-h SBP) was an independent predictive variable for cardiovascular events. The CV value of daytime SBP and the SD value of both 24-h SBP and daytime SBP also had positive correlations with the onset of cardiovascular events. These results suggest that increased blood pressure variability may be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events in elderly hypertensive patients.     

无创中心动脉压测量设备的比较

目的:比较目前通用的无创中心动脉压检测仪A-PULSE CASPro和SphygmoCor测量中心动脉压的相关性和稳定性。方法:450名男性志愿者,年龄19～23(22±1)岁;采集病史、记录一般情况;告知并签署知情同意;坐位休息10 min后测量右上肢肱动脉血压、分别用A-PULSE CASPro和SphygmoCor测量中心动脉压;记录数据。结果:A-PULSE CASPRO与SphygmoCor 测量的中心动脉压平均差值为1.57 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)和标准偏差为2.53 mmHg。采用Bland-Altman评价两种方法测量中心动脉压的偏差是在(5±8) mmHg范围之内。两种设备的线性回归方程为Y=0.9231*X+9.9341。A-PULSE CASPro和SphygmoCor测量的中心动脉压数值一致性好,R2为0.9123。结论: A-PULSE CASPro和SphygmoCor测量中心动脉压数值基本一致,相关性好,稳定性好。     

A case report of type I acute aortic intramural hematoma with localized dissection as a complication of renal artery stenting.

Percutaneous renal artery stenting has been demonstrated as an effective procedure to improve blood pressure control and preserve renal function of patients with artherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. Although it is a relatively safe procedure, some serious complications, including retroperitoneal hemorrhage, atheroembolism, and arterial dissection, can occur. However, development of aortic intramural hematoma (AIH), a different clinical disease entity from the aortic dissection, has not been reported as a complication of the procedure. We report a unique case with AIH that was successfully treated with medication. A 71-year-old woman with uncontrolled hypertension underwent percutaneous renal artery stenting for treatment of the ostial stenosis of the right renal artery. Immediately after implantation of the stent, she complained of severe back pain and her systolic blood pressure dropped from 170 to 80 mm Hg. Aortography showed about 5 cm-sized localized dissection arising from the ostium of the right renal artery; however, computerized tomography (CT) scans taken immediately after the procedure revealed DeBakey type I AIH with a localized dissection from the right renal artery and pericardial effusion. Because of her refusal to take surgical intervention, which is a standard treatment, she was stabilized with intensive medical treatment. After 14 days of stabilization, AIH and pericardial effusion resolved on the follow-up CT scans. Her blood pressure was well controlled with oral antihypertensive medications and she was discharged without other complication.     

高血压患者动态动脉僵硬指数与血压变异性的关系

目的探讨高血压患者动态动脉僵硬指数(AASI)与血压变异性(BPV)的关系。方法入选2009-03-2011-10中国医科大学附属第一医院就诊的高血压患者119例,所有患者均行24h动态血压监测。AASI定义为1减去24h舒张压和收缩压的回归系数。依据AASI水平,分为4组:AASI<0.30、0.30～<0.41、0.41～<0.52、≥0.52。结果相关性分析显示,AASI分别与年龄(r=0.301,P<0.01)、24h收缩压(r=0.276,P=0.001)、白昼收缩压(r=0.225,P=0.008)、夜间收缩压(r=0.366,P<0.01)、24h脉压(r=0.510,P<0.01)、24h收缩压标准差(r=0.297,P=0.001)呈正相关,而与24h舒张压标准差(r=-0.256,P=0.002)、24h平均心率标准差(r=-0.205,P=0.017)及24h平均动脉压标准差(r=-0.202,P=0.017)呈负相关。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,AASI与24h脉压和24h收缩压标准差呈正相关(β=0.321,β=0.725,均P<0.01),与24h舒张压标准差和24h平均动脉压标准差呈负相关(β=-0.428,β=-0.346,均P<0.01)。结论 AASI与BPV密切相关。