Expression of RORα in gastric cancer and clinical pathological significance

目的 观察维甲酸相关孤核受体α(Retinoid acid receptor related Orphan Receptor α,RORα)蛋白在胃癌中的表达,探讨其与胃癌发生、发展的关系,为寻找胃癌肿瘤标记物提供一定的实验依据.方法 应用组织芯片技术及免疫组化SP法检测90例胃癌组织、48例癌旁胃黏膜组织与22例正常胃黏膜组织中RORα的表达,研究RORα与胃癌发生、发展的关系.结果 RORα蛋白在胃癌组织中表达下调,正常胃黏膜、癌旁胃黏膜和胃癌组织中RORα蛋白阳性率分别为83.36%(19/22),56.25%(27/48)和24.44%(22/90),3者相比差异有显著性(P＜0.05).高分化腺癌、中分化腺癌、低分化腺癌、黏液腺癌和印戒细胞癌中,RORα阳性率分别为45.00%(9/20)、27.59%(8/29)、14.29%(3/21)、11.11%(1/9)和9.05%(1/11).高分化腺癌RORα阳性率高于低分化腺癌(P＜0.05).结论 RORα蛋白下调与胃癌的发生、发展相关,且可能与胃癌的分化程度有关.     

Decreased expression of P-glycoprotein in interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 treated rat hepatocytes

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: As acute inflammation is known to cause a reduction in hepatic P-Glycoprotein (PGP) expression and activity in rats, we tested the hypothesis that the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-)1beta and IL-6 also mediate reductions in PGP. METHODS: Hepatocytes were incubated with 0-50 ng/ml of cytokine for 24-72 h. PGP/mdr expression was examined by immunodetection and quantitative RT-PCR analysis and PGP efflux activity was assayed. RESULTS: PGP protein was significantly reduced in cells treated for 3 days with IL-1beta and 24 h with IL-6 (p < 0.05), maximal effects occurring at 5 ng/ml for each cytokine. PGP activity was reduced in both IL-1beta and IL-6 treated cells (p < 0.05). mdr1 mRNA was decreased in cells treated with IL-6, but not IL-1beta. spgp and mdr2 were not affected. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that IL-6 and IL-1beta have suppressive effects on the expression and activity of PGP in cultured hepatocytes, likely occurring through distinct mechanisms. These cytokines may have a potential role in PGP regulation during inflammatory responses.     

Elevated serum levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-1β and human chorionic gonadotropin in pre-eclampsia

Citation Kalinderis M, Papanikolaou A, Kalinderi K, Ioannidou E, Giannoulis C, Karagiannis V, Tarlatzis BC. Elevated serum levels of interleukin‐6, interleukin‐1β and human chorionic gonadotropin in pre‐eclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66: 468–475 Problem Pre‐eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy‐specific syndrome of unknown aetiology. It is believed to involve an inflammatory process. The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the concentrations of two proinflammatory cytokines interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and to evaluate the possible interaction between them and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in women with normotensive pregnancy and PE. Method of study A prospective case–control study was carried out in 30 women with PE and 30 normotensive controls. Serum IL‐1β, IL‐6 and hCG levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and automated immunofluorescent assay, respectively. Results Serum IL‐6, IL‐1β and hCG levels were significantly increased in women with PE compared to controls (P < 0.001 for each); however, no correlation was found between IL‐6, IL‐1β and hCG. Conclusion Our results highlight the inflammatory origin of PE and reinforce the possible role of hCG in the complex aetiology of its pathogenesis.     

Dose- and time-dependent effects of histamine on hypothalamic levels of interleukin-1β in rats

Some recent studies give support to the potential interaction between histamine (HA) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the central nervous system (CNS). At the peripheral level, HA acts as an immune modulator, but little is known on the neuroimmune role of this biogenic amine in the CNS. In the present study we have investigated the effects of HA, mepyramine, famotidine, thioperamide, and L-histidine on hypothalamic IL-1. HA induced a time- and dose-dependent decrease in the concentration of IL-1. The maximum effect was obtained 30 minutes after injection. The HA-induced IL-1 response in the hypothalamus was not inhibited by either mepyramine, famotidine or thioperamide. In addition, L-histidine exerted the same effect as HA. The interaction between HA and IL-1 in the CNS might be linked to neuroendocrine regulation as well as to neurotrophic activity and neuroimmune function.     

Expression and clinical significance of CD151 and integrin α3β1 in colorectal tumors

目的:探讨CD151和整合素α3β1在直肠腺瘤及结直肠腺癌组织中的表达及其与临床各个病理因素之间的关系,并且研究两者的相关性.方法:应用免疫组织化学双染方法对正常结直肠黏膜、结直肠腺瘤及结直肠腺癌组织各120例进行CD151和整合素α3β1检测,并进行Kaplan-Meier生存分析.采用Spearman等级相关分析CD151和整合素αβ1之间的相关性.结果:CD151结直肠正常黏膜、腺瘤、腺癌组织的阳性率分别为21.7％、52.5％、72％,腺瘤和腺癌组织分别与正常黏膜比较均具有统计学意义.整合素α3β1在结直肠正常黏膜、腺瘤、腺癌组织的阳性率分别为34.2％、55％、70％,腺瘤和腺癌组织分别与正常黏膜比较均具有统计学意义.在结直肠腺癌中,CD151和整合素α3β1的表达与患者年龄、性别和肿瘤的部位、大小无相关性,与肿瘤的分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移及Duke's分期有关.CD151和整合素α3β1在大肠正常黏膜、腺瘤及腺癌组织中的表达经双变量相关分析,表达呈正相关.从图的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Log-Rank检验可知,CD151+、α3β1+、CD151+α3β1+与大肠癌患者5年生存期密切相关,是影响大肠癌预后的因素.结论:CD151和整合素α3β1在大肠癌的表达密切相关,提示CD151与整合素α3β1复合物存在于大肠癌,其表达对预后产生明显的影响.CD151与整合素α3β1联合表达是临床预后判断的可靠指标.     

Expression and clinical significance of PI3Kp110β in human colorectal carcinoma and colorectal adenoma with different grades of dysplasia

目的 探讨PI3Kp110β表达与结直肠癌发生、发展的相关性及其临床意义.方法 应用免疫组化EnVision法检测PI3Kp110β在138例结直肠腺癌、29例低级别上皮内瘤变(low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia,LGIN)腺瘤、35例高级别上皮内瘤变(high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia,HGIN)腺瘤、10例结肠正常黏膜组织中的表达情况.结果 (1)PI3Kp110β在结直肠癌组织中的表达明显高于结直肠LGIN腺瘤、HGIN腺瘤及正常黏膜组织,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),PI3Kp110β在结直肠HGIN腺瘤组织中的表达与结直肠LGIN腺瘤、正常黏膜组织中的表达相比,差异无显著性(P>0.05);(2)结直肠癌组织中PI3Kp110β的表达与肿瘤的发生部位、分化程度、临床分期及淋巴结转移等临床因素间具有相关性(P<0.05),与患者的性别、年龄及肿瘤大小等因素无关(P>0.05).结论 PI3Kp110β异常表达可能在结直肠癌的发生、发展中发挥着重要作用,检测PI3Kp110β对评判结直肠癌的生物学行为及预后有一定临床意义.     

Sustained expression of interleukin-1β in mouse hippocampus impairs spatial memory

Glial activation and neuroinflammation occur in neurodegenerative disease and brain injury, however their presence in normal brain aging suggests that chronic neuroinflammation may be a factor in age-related dementia. Few studies have investigated the impact of sustained elevation of hippocampal interleukin-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine upregulated during aging and Alzheimer's disease, on cognition in mice. We utilized the IL-1β^XAT transgenic mouse to initiate bilateral hippocampal overexpression of interleukin-1β to determine the influence of sustained neuroinflammation independent of disease pathology. Fourteen days following transgene induction, adult male and female IL-1β^XAT mice were tested on non-spatial and spatial versions of the Morris water maze. For the spatial component, one retention trial was conducted 48 h after completion of a 3 day acquisition protocol (eight trials per day). Induction of IL-1β did not impact non-spatial learning, but was associated with delayed acquisition and decreased retention of the spatial task. These behavioral impairments were accompanied by robust reactive gliosis and elevated mRNA expression of inflammatory genes in the hippocampus. Our results suggest that prolonged neuroinflammation response per se may impact mnemonic processes and support the future application of IL-1β^XAT transgenic mice to investigate chronic neuroinflammation in age- and pathology-related cognitive dysfunction.     

Levetiracetam inhibits interleukin-1β inflammatory responses in the hippocampus and piriform cortex of epileptic rats

Levetiracetam (LEV, 2S-(oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)butanamide, Keppra^®, UCB Pharma) is a new anti-epileptic drug used to treat certain types of seizures in epilepsy patients. However, the pharmacodynamics of LEV is still controversial. Recently, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has been reported to involve in epileptic phenomena. Therefore, we investigated the effects of LEV on IL-1β system in the hippocampus and piriform cortex of chronic epileptic rats. As compared to controls, typical reactive astrogliosis and microgliosis were observed in the hippocampus and piriform cortex of epileptic animals. In addition, both reactive astrocytes and reactive microglia showed strong IL-1β and interleukin-1 receptor subtype 1 (IL-1R1) immunoreactivities. LEV reduced reactive gliosis and expression levels of IL-1β system in the hippocampus and the piriform cortex, while valproic acid did not. These findings suggest that the LEV may have, at least in part, anti-inflammatory effect, particularly against IL-1β system in neuroglia within epileptic brains.     

Expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β genes in the cochlea and inferior colliculus in salicylate-induced tinnitus

Background  

Changes in the gene expressions for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and/or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) during tinnitus have not been previously reported. We evaluated tinnitus and mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) genes in cochlea and inferior colliculus (IC) of mice after intraperitoneal injections of salicylate.     

Distribution of interleukin-1 receptor complex at the synaptic membrane driven by interleukin-1β and NMDA stimulation

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that contributes to neuronal injury in various degenerative diseases, and is therefore a potential therapeutic target. It exerts its biological effect by activating the interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) and recruiting a signalling core complex consisting of the myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) and the IL-1R accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). This pathway has been clearly described in the peripheral immune system, but only scattered information is available concerning the molecular composition and distribution of its members in neuronal cells. The findings of this study show that IL-1RI and its accessory proteins MyD88 and IL-1RAcP are differently distributed in the hippocampus and in the subcellular compartments of primary hippocampal neurons. In particular, only IL-1RI is enriched at synaptic sites, where it co-localises with, and binds to the GluN2B subunit of NMDA receptors. Furthermore, treatment with NMDA increases IL-1RI interaction with NMDA receptors, as well as the surface expression and localization of IL-1RI at synaptic membranes. IL-1β also increases IL-1RI levels at synaptic sites, without affecting the total amount of the receptor in the plasma membrane. Our results reveal for the first time the existence of a dynamic and functional interaction between NMDA receptor and IL-1RI systems that could provide a molecular basis for IL-1β as a neuromodulator in physiological and pathological events relying on NMDA receptor activation.     

The clinical significance of plasma CFHR 1–5 in lupus nephropathy

A deficiency of complement factor H may lead to excessive consumption of C3 and an increase in C3b deposition, which are important pathological characteristics of lupus nephritis. Complement factor H-related proteins (CFHRs), comprising CFHR1 to CFHR5 (CFHR1–5), are members of the wider factor H/CFHR family. Their role in lupus nephritis remains unclear. In this study, we compared circulating levels of CFHR1–5 in 152 patients diagnosed with lupus nephritis and 20 unrelated healthy individuals to explore the relationship between the expression of CFHR1–5 and development of the disease. We found that plasma levels of CFHR3 and CFHR5 were higher in patients with lupus nephritis than in healthy individuals; also, CFHR3 and CFHR5 concentrations increased with increasing systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) values (P < 0.05). Pearson's and Spearman's correlation test results confirmed that plasma CFHR3 and CFHR5 levels in lupus nephritis patients were positively correlated with proteinuria and levels of creatinine (Cr) and anti-dsDNA (correlation coefficients = 0.491–0.717, P < 0.05), while they were negatively correlated with plasma C3 levels and eGFR [correlation coefficients = –(0.706–0.788), P < 0.05]. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis results confirmed that plasma CFHR3 and CFHR5 levels were predictive of SLEDAI values and disease end points (area under the curve = 0.664–0.884, P < 0.05), with patients with both high CFHR3 and high CFHR5 exhibiting the shortest progression-free survival. Thus, both CFHR3 and CFHR5 are of prognostic value in lupus nephritis status.     

Hyperhidrosis in sleep disorders – A narrative review of mechanisms and clinical significance

Hyperhidrosis is characterized by excessive sweating beyond thermoregulatory needs that affects patients' quality of life. It results from an excessive stimulation of eccrine sweat glands in the skin by the sympathetic nervous system. Hyperhidrosis may be primary or secondary to an underlying cause. Nocturnal hyperhidrosis is associated with different sleep disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, restless legs syndrome/periodic limb movement during sleep and narcolepsy. The major cause of the hyperhidrosis is sympathetic overactivity and, in the case of narcolepsy type 1, orexin deficiency may also contribute. In this narrative review, we will provide an outline of the possible mechanisms underlying sudomotor dysfunction and the resulting nocturnal hyperhidrosis in these different sleep disorders and explore its clinical relevance.     

Synergism of basic fibroblast growth factor and interleukin-1β to induce articular cartilage-degradation in the rabbit

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) synergistically induce proteasesin vitro. To investigate this synergyin vivo, we injected IL-1 and bFGF alone and in combination into the lapine knee. Three days later, we compared the glycosaminoglcan (GAG) content of tibial cartilage of cytokinetreated and contralateral control-knees. IL-1 caused significant increases of granulocytes and GAG in the synovial fluid but minor cartilage-GAG losses of 11, 11 & 16% at 5kU, 10 kU and 100 kU IL-1/knee, respectively. bFGF at 2 and 10 g/knee caused no changes. 10 g bFGF in combination with 10 kU IL-1 induced a 33% GAG loss (p<0.01) that lasted 21 days. IL-1/bFGF induced cartilage degradation may be useful to 1) evaluate agents which modulated proteoglycan catabolism and 2) assess factors that accelerate cartilage-repair.