Cost-effectiveness of the MitraClip device in secondary mitral regurgitation: comment upon the article by Estler et al.

The European Journal of Health Economics -     

心衰伴二尖瓣返流患者脑钠肽与左室射血分数等参数的研究

目的:研究慢性心力衰竭(选择心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级)伴中重度二尖瓣返流(MR)患者与无二尖瓣返流心衰患者血浆中脑钠肽(BNP)水平的差异及其与左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)之间的相关性。方法:选择心力衰竭患者128例,入院后均经心脏彩超检查。按NYHA分级,Ⅱ级39例,其中伴二尖瓣返流患者19例,无二尖瓣返流患者20例;Ⅲ级55例,其中伴二尖瓣返流患者27例,无二尖瓣返流患者28例;Ⅳ级34例,其中伴二尖瓣返流患者16例,无二尖瓣返流患者18例。采用美国雅培I2000SR全自动化学发光分析仪测定血浆BNP水平。结果:BNP数值、LVEDD及LVEF在NYHA分级Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ各组间(包括有、无二尖瓣返流患者)有统计学差异(P<0.05)。BNP数值在NYHA分级Ⅱ级伴有二尖瓣返流及无二尖瓣返流患者之间有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:脑钠肽的升高、左室射血分数及舒张末期内径与NYHA分级相关,脑钠肽在NYHA分级Ⅱ级有二尖瓣返流患者中高于无二尖瓣返流患者。     

心力衰竭患者左心室辅助装置传动系统感染的研究进展

左心室辅助现已成为终末期心力衰竭患者的主要外科治疗策略,在提高心力衰竭患者存活率的同时,常导致一些严重的并发症。心室辅助装置特异性感染,特别是传动系统感染,是心室辅助患者术后常见并发症。生物膜的形成和迁移促进感染向泵腔和血流等更深层次组织的扩散,为后续治疗增加难度,甚至会危及患者生命安全。本文从心室辅助装置传动系统感染的流行病学特征、致病机制、诊断,以及预防和治疗方面的现状进行综述。     

搏动性心室辅助装置Excor治疗儿童终末期心衰

目的:评价应用气动外置式搏动性心室辅助装置(VAD)Excor(Berlin Heart AG)治疗儿童终末期心功能衰竭(ESHF)的可行性。方法:1990年至2003年 12月共55例儿童ESHF患者接受Excor心室辅助治疗。结果:6例(10．91％)心功能恢复后撤离辅助装置, 23例(41．82％)过渡到心脏移植,26例(47．27％)死亡。平均辅助时间(28．0±8．1)天,最长辅助天数421天。结论:Excor作为中、长期搏动式VAD,可辅助ESHF儿童患者向心脏移植或心功能恢复过渡。     

搏动性心室辅助装置Excor治疗儿童终末期心衰

目的评价应用气动外置式搏动性心室辅助装置(VAD)Excor(Berlin Heart AG)治疗儿童终末期心功能衰竭(ESHF)的可行性.方法1990年至2003年12月共55例儿童ESHF患者接受Excor心室辅助治疗.结果6例(10.91%)心功能恢复后撤离辅助装置,23例(41.82%)过渡到心脏移植,26例(47.27%)死亡.平均辅助时间(28.0±8.1)天,最长辅助天数421天.结论Excor作为中、长期搏动式VAD,可辅助ESHF儿童患者向心脏移植或心功能恢复过渡.     

二尖瓣成形术治疗二尖瓣关闭不全的疗效分析

目的分析二尖瓣瓣膜成形术(MVP)治疗中重度二尖瓣关闭不全(MR)患者的临床疗效。 方法以2013年6月至2017年6月徐州医科大学附属沭阳医院心胸外科收治的28例行MVP的MR患者为研究对象行回顾性分析,其中男性17例,女性11例;年龄50～72岁,平均(61.5±10.6)岁。所有患者术前均存在中重度MR。术前根据患者的合并症、病变部位的定位和合并腱索断裂与否,评估选择可行的MVP术式及合并手术：所有患者均采用正中切口、体外循环下手术治疗,术中行二尖瓣楔形切除、矩形切除及缘对缘缝合方法修补二尖瓣,合并腱索断裂或腱索冗长的行e-PTFE线人工腱索植入,常规行二尖瓣成型环植入,术中注水观察评估瓣膜成行效果。术中采取的二尖瓣成形方法统计：7例(25.0%)植入1～3根腱索,行二尖瓣矩切除术9例(32.1%),二尖瓣楔形切除术8例(28.6%),二尖瓣缘对缘缝合4例(14.3%),所有患者均置入鞍形二尖瓣成形环。对于合并心房颤动的患者同期行单纯左心耳切除术(LAA),或心房颤动射频消融术(AB)＋LAA;合并冠心病,则同期行冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG);合并中度及以上的三尖瓣关闭不全,则同期行三尖瓣成形环植入手术(TVP)。1例(3.6%)患者行MVP＋CABG,1例(3.6%)行MVP＋TVP＋LAA;3例(10.7%)行MVP＋TVP＋AB＋LAA;5例(17.9%)行MVP＋TVP;18例(64.3%)行单纯MVP。术后予华法林抗凝治疗3～6个月,合并心房颤动者终身抗凝治疗。统计所有患者采取的手术方式,包括合并手术、二尖瓣成形方法;对比患者术前及术后2年的返流、心功能改善情况以及LAD、左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)水平的差异。 结果所有患者术前均为中重度返流,术后2年复查心脏彩超：21例(75.0%)无明显二尖瓣返流,6例(21.4%)二尖瓣轻度返流,1例(3.6%)二尖瓣中度返流。且所有患者的心功能较术前均提升1 ～ 2级。术前LAD[(49.42±12.58)mm],术后2年LAD[(38.17±9.84)mm],术前LVEDD[(50.91±7.93)mm],术后LVEDD[(44.37±7.42)mm],术后均较术前明显缩小;术前LVEF(51.69±9.71)%,术后LVEF(62.79±8.53)%,术后LVEF较术前明显增加。 结论MVP治疗MR安全有效、疗效显著,但远期效果还待进一步研究随访。     

Educational settings in the management of patients with heart failure

Congestive heart failure (CHF) presents, besides the magnitude of epidemiological data, relevant characteristics, including frequent hospitalizations caused by severe signs and symptoms, which should be studied to reduce the negative impact of the disease on the public health system. With the advent of several clinical trials in the area of CHF, the treatment has become more complex, with the need of a more organized structure to assist these patients. Education is considered essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. The setting, to begin or to continue the educational process, can be a hospital (hospitalization), outpatient clinic, home, a day-hospital or yet, a combination of these. The main researches in this area recognize and motivate an investigation of other paths to get better results in the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. In this study we review recent data, approaching several educational settings in the management of patients with CHF.     

老年充血性心力衰竭患者心率变异性分析

目的了解老年充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者心率变异性(HRV)变化,探讨其临床意义.方法采用NHE高频心电检测仪,对86例心脏病患者进行HRV分析.结果老年CHF组(30例)各项指标均低于心功能代偿组(56例),尤其SD、HRVI两组比较差异非常显著(P＜0.005).CHF组HRV减低程度与心功能级别呈负相关.SD、HRVI在心功能NYHA分级Ⅱ级与Ⅲ-Ⅳ级亚组间比较差异显著(P＜0.01和P＜0.05).结论HRV分析是判断老年CHF预后和猝死危险性的一项无创、敏感、可定量、可重复的指标.     

慢性心力衰竭患者心率震荡现象的临床意义

目的 探讨慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者窦性心率震荡(HBT)的临床意义.方法 30例CHF患者(CHF组)及28例非器质性心脏病患者(对照组)行24 h动态心电图检查.根据NYHA心功能分级,将CHF组分为轻度CHF组(Ⅰ～Ⅱ级)16例及重度CHF组(Ⅲ～Ⅳ级)14例;CHF组中缺血性心脏病18例及非缺血性心脏病12例.分析比较各组HRT的初始值(TO)及震荡斜率(TS)两项指标.结果 CHF组TO值[(0.43±0.83)%]较对照组[(-1.49±1.00)%]明显增高(P＜0.05),CHF组TS值[(2.67±0.66)ms/RRI]较对照组[(8.52±2.09)ms/RRI]明显降低(P＜0.05).重度CHF组TO值[(0.79±0.67)%]较轻度CHF组[(0.12±0.86)%]明显增高(P=0.026),重度CHF组TS值[(2.88±0.79)ms/RRI]较轻度CHF组[(2.40±0.35)ms/RRI]明显增高(P=0.045).缺血性心脏病与非缺血性心脏病患者TO及TS值比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).CHF组中TO及TS值同时异常(TO≥0,TS≤2.5 ms/RRI)占53.3%(16/30),而TO或TS值仅1项异常占40.0%(12/30),CHF组HRT检测异常率为93.3%(28/30).结论 CHF患者HRT现象明显减弱,HRT可作为CHF严重程度的有效观测指标,对CHF患者预后的预测起指导作用.     

老年充血性心力衰竭患者心率变异性分析

目的了解老年充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者心率变异性(HRV)变化,探讨其临床意义.方法采用NHE高频心电检测仪,对86例心脏病患者进行HRV分析.结果老年CHF组(30例)各项指标均低于心功能代偿组(56例),尤其SD、HRVI两组比较差异非常显著(P＜0.005).CHF组HRV减低程度与心功能级别呈负相关.SD、HRVI在心功能NYHA分级Ⅱ级与Ⅲ-Ⅳ级亚组间比较差异显著(P＜0.01和P＜0.05).结论HRV分析是判断老年CHF预后和猝死危险性的一项无创、敏感、可定量、可重复的指标.     

Beta-blocking drugs indicated in patients with heart failure

Until recently, beta-blocking drugs were considered to be contraindicated in patients with chronic heart failure. However, several well-conducted randomised clinical trials have now proven otherwise. Yet, it was still not clear whether nonselective alpha-, beta 1- and beta 2-receptor blockade with carvedilol would be superior to selective beta 1-receptor blockade with metoprolol. One of the studies ('Carvedilol or metoprolol European trial' (COMET)) demonstrated a statistically significant 17% reduction of all-cause mortality with carvedilol. Although striking, the results may have been influenced by differences in blood pressure and heart rate, as well as the short-acting formula of metoprolol that was used. Furthermore, the 'Carvedilol hibernation reversible ischaemia trial; marker of success' (CHRISTMAS) study demonstrated myocardial hibernation in the majority of ischaemic heart-failure patients, and showed beneficial effects on left-ventricle function with carvedilol in both hibernated and non-hibernated patients. Despite this and the rest of the overwhelming evidence, at present only a minority of eligible chronic heart-failure patients are treated with beta-blockers.     

Biventicular pacing in patients with severe heart failure

According to initial clinical results biventricular pacing seems to be effective in the treatment of patients suffering from drug refractory severe heart failure combined with intraventricular conduction disturbance. Biventricular cardioverter defibrillators and biventricular pacemakers were implanted in patients suffering from drug refractory severe heart failure in 3 and in 2 cases, respectively (follow up > 6 months). NYHA III-IV functional class, low left ventricular ejection fraction (23.2 +/- 5.4%), wide QRS (> 150 ms) with left bundle branch block and lateral dyssynchrony were present in each case. The left ventricle was enlarged in each patient (end-diastolic/end-systolic diameter: 78.6 +/- 9.2/66.2 +/- 8.1 mm). The indications of cardioverter defibrillator implantations were both sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia combined with syncope in 2 and in 1 case, respectively. The duration of QRS decreased (190 +/- 36 vs. 134 +/- 17 ms, p = 0.012) and wall movement disorder disappeared. At the last follow up every patients were in NYHA II functional class and a decrease in left ventricular diameter could be observed (end-diastolic: 72 +/- 10.4 mm, p = 0.07; end-systolic: 62 +/- 10 mm, p = 0.09). During the follow up period (7.3 +/- 1.7 months) 18 episodes of ventricular arrhythmias could be detected in the same patient. Biventricular pacemakers and cardioverter defibrillators were implanted and applied successfully in the treatment of congestive heart failure for the first time in Hungary. The effect of biventricular pacing on morbidity and mortality, the cost-effectiveness, the exact indication and the combined use with cardioverter defibrillator have yet to be proven in future randomized trials.     

What to teach to patients with heart failure and why: the role of nurses in heart failure clinics

The most important objective of heart failure (HF) treatment is to reach and preserve patients' clinical stability. Several studies have shown that programs aimed at systematic education, developed by multidisciplinary teams, are positive strategies to work with these patients. Nurses active in HF clinics play a fundamental role in the educational process and continuity of patient care. The objectives of these processes are to teach, reinforce, improve and constantly evaluate patients' self-care abilities, which include weight monitoring, sodium and fluid restrictions, physical activities, regular medication use, monitoring signs and symptoms of disease worsening and early search for medical care. Therefore, education to understand HF and the development of self-care abilities are considered key points to improve adherence, avoid decompensation crises and, consequently, to maintain patients clinically stable. This article presents a careful review of the aspects involved in the patient education process by nurses in the context of HF clinics.     

探讨美托洛尔治疗老年性慢性心力衰竭

目的研究美托洛尔在老年性慢性心力衰竭治疗中的剂量及耐受性。方法对NYHA分级心功能Ⅱ～Ⅳ级129例老年患者在常规心衰治疗基础上加用美托洛尔，从极小剂量开始，逐渐增加剂量，目标分别为：①心率下降到55～60次／min（不低于50次／min）；②稍加剂量心功能下降Ⅰ级以上；③收缩压不低于90mmHg（ImmHg=0、133kPa）。结果美托洛尔平均维持量为（80．7±34．1，mg／d）（6．25～200mg／d）。其中88例（66．O％）达心率目标，44例（34．2％）达心衰目标，本研究血压无显著变化。随访患者多因不适当减量或停用美托洛尔。结论在治疗期间内，心力衰竭（NYHAⅡ级～Ⅳ级）患者对美托洛尔耐受性较好。