亚急性一氧化碳中毒致小鼠迟发性学习记忆障碍机制研究

以亚急性ＣＯ中毒小鼠脑组织Ｃａ＾２＋－Ｍｇ＾２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ、ＳＯＤ、ＭＡＯ－Ｂ活性，ＬＰＯ含量以及血皮质醇浓度的变化为观察指标，进行亚急性一氧化碳（ＣＯ）中毒致小鼠迟发性学习记忆障碍的机制研究。结果显示，亚急性ＣＯ中毒小鼠脑组织ＳＯＤ、Ｃａ＾２＋－Ｍｇ＾２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性、ＬＰＯ含量以及血皮质醇浓度均无显著改变；而ＭＡＯ－Ｂ活性明显增加，地塞米松对皮质醇分泌的抑制率大为下降。提示，亚急性ＣＯ中     

一种小鼠急性一氧化碳中毒模型的建立

以碳氧血红蛋白（ＨｂＣＯ）含量和脑细胞Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性等为指标,特定脑区病理形态学改变和伴随的行为学改变为标准,我们建立了一种相对安全、简便、快捷可靠的小鼠包性ＣＯ中毒模型。ｉｐＣＯ１．５ｍｌ／１０ｇｗｔ,连续三次,每次间隔３－４小时,结果表明,小鼠血ＨｂＣＯ含量显著升高,脑细胞Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性明显下降,海马ＣＡⅡ、ＣＡⅢ及齿是部神经元发生典型核固缩     

亚硒酸钠与细胞的作用

通过测定巨噬细胞的存活率、脂质过氧化、细胞内游离Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋的浓度和红细胞膜Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶的活性，研究了亚硒酸钠与细胞的作用。结果表明高浓度的Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３（≥１０－４ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）有明显的细胞毒性；Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３对巨噬细胞的毒性作用引起细胞内游离Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋浓度升高；但Ｍｇ２＋浓度升高比Ｃａ２＋慢；较高浓度的Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３（≥１０－５ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）能抑制红细胞膜Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶的活性，但对Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性的抑制作用要低于对Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性的抑制作用。     

氟对大鼠红细胞膜Na^＋—K^＋—ATPase,Ca^2＋—ATPase活性的影…

选择健康雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠４０只，随机分为５组，观察氟对大鼠红细胞膜Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ，ＣＡ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性的影响“抗氟灵”的拮抗作用。染毒及给药方式为自由饮式，染毒剂量为１８０ｍｇＦ＾－／Ｌ，“抗氟灵浓度为２４ｇ％，染毒时间为２个月，”抗氟灵“治疗时间为１个半月。结果显示，染氟组动物红细胞膜Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性均有显著升高，给予氟＋”抗氧灵“组比染氟组显著降低；     

铅接触工人红细胞膜Ca^2＋—Mg^2＋—ATPase活力的变化

铅接触工人红细胞膜Ｃａ２＋－Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力的变化朱光华姜允申杨永年宋玲我们对某市两家印刷厂铸字、压模、铅版等工序５６名铅接触工人进行了Ｃａ２＋－Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力的测定，结果报道如下。一、对象与方法１．调查对象：以某市两家集体企业...     

氟对大鼠红细胞膜Na~＋－K~＋－ATPase、Ca~（2＋）－ATPase活性的影响及“抗氟灵”的拮抗作用研究

选择健康雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠４０只,随机分为５组,观察氟对大鼠红细胞膜Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ、Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性的影响及“抗氟灵”的拮抗作用。染毒及给药方式为自由饮式,染毒剂量为１８０ｍｇＦ－／Ｌ“抗氟灵浓度为２４ｇ％;染毒时间为２个月,“抗氟灵”治疗时间为１个半月。结果显示,染氟组动物红细胞膜Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ、Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性均有显著升高,给予氟＋“抗氟灵”组比染氟组显著降低;氟中毒后给予“抗氟灵”治疗组明显低于治疗对照组。提示氟对红细胞膜Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ、Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性有促进作用,而“抗氟灵”具有拮抗氟的作用     

丙烯腈对大鼠肝脏Ca~(2+)-ATP酶、磷酸化酶A活力的影响

本文通过丙烯腈对大鼠肝脏Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ和磷酸化酶Ａ活性影响的研究,探讨了丙烯腈对动物肝脏钙稳态的影响,进一步阐明丙烯腈的毒作用机制。采用成年雄性ＳＤ大鼠,每天经口染毒,染毒剂量为０、１０、３０和５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,连续染毒４２天,于染毒第１４天、２８天和４２天时分别测定各组肝匀浆Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ和磷酸化酶Ａ的活性。结果显示,丙烯腈可明显地抑制肝脏Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ（Ｐ＜０．０１）,同时可显著地激活磷酸化酶Ａ的活性,特别是高剂量组（５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）和染毒４２天时影响最明显,相关关系分析表明,丙烯腈对Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ和磷酸化酶Ａ的活性的影响均存在较好的剂量－反应和时间－反应关系（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果认为丙烯腈能显著地抑制大鼠肝脏Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ和激活磷酸化酶Ａ的活性,可导致大鼠肝脏钙稳态的失调。     

镉对体外培养肾组织中Ca^2＋—APTase对影响及尼莫地 …

目的 探讨镉对镉对组织中Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的影响尼尼莫地平（Ｎｉｍｏ）对其的干预作用。方法 在体外条件下,测定ＣｄＣｌ２对肾组织Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ及乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）、尿Ｎ－乙酰－Ｄ－氨基葡萄苷酶（ＮＡＧ）等多种肾损伤标志酶活力的作用及Ｎｉｍｏ干预处理后的影响。结果 在低浓度ＣｄＣｌ２组,Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的活力明显升高,１００ｍｇ／Ｌ ＣｄＣｌ２组Ｃａ＾     

高压氧中毒小鼠肺损伤及其机理

将小鼠暴露于０．５ＭＰａ高压氧环境中复制出急性氧中毒动物模型。对其动脉血气、ｐＨ值等８项参数和肺毛细血管内皮细胞Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力进行自动检测和定量测量。结果表明，高压氧中毒组（ＨＢＯＩ）小鼠动脉血ｐＨ值、ＰａＯ２、氧含量（ＣａＯ２）、氧饱和度（ＳａＯ２）、实际碳酸氢盐（ＡＢ）、标准碳酸氢盐（ＳＢ）和剩余碱（ＢＥ）等７项参数明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。肺毛细血管内皮细胞Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ反应产物明显减少、酶活力显著降低。说明０．５ＭＰａ高压氧吸入３７分钟小鼠发生了较为严重的肺损伤，表现出明显的低氧血症和代谢性酸中毒。活性氧可能为高压氧中毒肺损伤重要机理之一。     

热应激大鼠肝线粒体微粒体脂质过氧化与钙镁三磷酸腺苷酶的变化

为探讨高温对机体的损伤机理和防治措施，对热应激过程肝线粒体、微粒体脂质过氧化、钙镁三磷酸腺苷酶（Ｃａ－Ｍｇ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ）的变化与联系进行了观察。结果显示，受热大鼠肝线粒体、微粒体丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量明显增多，并随受热时间延长而升高；受热（４２℃）１２０ｍｉｎ后大量的肝细胞变性、坏死，超微结构改变明显。脱离热接触６ｈ，肝线粒体ＭＤＡ含量恢复到对照组水平，但微粒体ＭＤＡ明显升高。肝线粒体ＭＤＡ含量增多，Ｃａ－Ｍｇ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性下降；ＭＤＡ含量降至对照组水平时，Ｃａ－Ｍｇ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性恢复到对照组水平。提示，经一定时间热应激后脱离热环境后，肝线粒体脂质过氧化可恢复，而微粒体脂质过氧化不易恢复；热应激肝线粒体ＭＤＡ含量与Ｃａ－Ｍｇ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性变化存在一定联系。     

拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂对大鼠脑突触体ATPase活性的影响

In vitro Effect of several pyrethroids on rat brain synaptosomal ATPase activities was investigated. No significant changes in Na+, K+-ATPase and oligomycin-insensitive Mg2+-ATPase activities were observed under present experimental conditions, but all pyrethroids tested caused significant inhibition of oligomycin-sensitive Mg2+-ATPase activity with certain concentration dependence. The results suggest a possibility that pyrethroids may alter the cellular energy metabolism of the nervous system.     

农药混剂联合毒性评价

用Ｈａｒｒｉｓ法研究了３类杀虫剂（有机磷,拟除虫菊酯和氨基甲酸酯）的二元混剂对大鼠的急性毒性联合作用,涉及的有机磷类农药有：甲基对硫磷,乐果,甲胺磷,辛硫磷,敌敌畏,丙溴磷,马拉硫磷,水胺硫磷;拟除虫菊酯类农药有：高效氯氰菊酯,氰戊菊酯,甲氰菊酯,溴氧菊酯：氨基甲酸酯类农药有：灭多威,异丙威,速灭威等。     

拟除虫菊酯对大鼠脑组织及肝脏生物转化酶的影响

目的 实验研究溴氰菊酯（ＤＭ）和氯菊酯（ＰＭ）对大鼠脑组织及肝脏某些生物转化酶的影响。方法 应用荧光分光光度法、二硝基苯肼比色法和Ｈａｂｉｇ法检测７－乙氧基试卤灵－Ｏ－脱乙基酶９ＥＲＯＤ０、Ｂ型单胺氧化酶９ＭＡＯＢ）和谷胱甘肽Ｓ－转移酶（ＧＳＴ）活力。结果 整体实验中，ＤＭ染毒动物肝脏ＥＲＯＤ、ＭＡＯＢ活力分别下降了４７．９４％和２２．７６％；脑组织和肝脏ＧＳＴ活力分别增加了２２．２０％和３９．５     

Repeated malathion exposure induces behavioral impairment and AChE activity inhibition in brains of rat pups

The present study evaluated if repeated malathion administration would cause behavioral impairment in rat pups. Na⁺ K⁺ ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were investigated in brains of rat pups. Malathion was administered (100 or 200 mg/kg) orally (p.o.), once a day for four consecutive days. Rat pups were submitted to behavioral tests on the 5th day, 24 h after the last malathion administration. Malathion at the dose of 200 mg/kg caused a significant increase in the negative geotaxis latency and a decrease in the rotarod latency of rat pups. Rat pups exposed to malathion at both doses showed a significant decrease in the forelimb support latency and an inhibition of brain AChE activity. Repeated exposure of rat pups to malathion caused a decrease in motor coordination, vestibular function and muscular strength/coordination. The brain activity of AChE is involved in the behavioral alterations caused by malathion in rat pups.     

Joint acute toxicity of esfenvalerate and diazinon to larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas)

California (USA) agriculture employs pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides to control insects in orchards and other crops. Diazinon and esfenvalerate were selected for this study because of their application overlaps. Toxicological and biochemical responses of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed singly and in combinations to esfenvalerate and diazinon were determined. Exposures were 96-h static renewal tests that used standard U.S. Environmental Protection Agency acute toxicity test methods. After pesticide exposures, larvae were evaluated for carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase activity, and histopathological effects. Carboxylesterase activity was examined because of its potential influence on the toxicity of both organophosphates and pyrethroids. In vivo studies demonstrated that diazinon significantly inhibited carboxylesterase activity at nominal water concentrations as low as 50 microg/L. However, esfenvalerate did not affect carboxylesterase activity at any concentration tested. Liver glycogen depletion was the only histopathological effect observed; this effect was demonstrated with the individual pesticides and pesticide combinations (i.e., mixtures). The combinations of diazinon and esfenvalerate causing acute toxicity to fathead minnow larvae appeared to be greater than additive (i.e., synergistic) in all three tests.     

Effects of industrial organic solvents on human erythrocyte membrane adenosine triphosphatase activities in vitro

The effects of some aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons, and alcohols on adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity in human erythrocyte ghost membrane were studied in vitro. Both aromatic and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons inhibited this activity dose-dependently, the inhibition of total ATPase activity being clearer than that of magnesium-activated ATPase. Of the alcohols studied, methanol had no effect on the ATPase activity, but ethanol, propranolol, and butanol were slightly enzyme-activating at high concentrations. The enzyme-inhibiting potency of organic solvents was generally related to their lipid solubilities, but 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane was a potent enzyme inhibitor despite its low lipid solubility. This findings indicates that, eg, the molecular structure of solvents may modulate their enzyme inhibition. In the presence of Triton-X-100, toluene did not cause any changes in the activity of total ATPase, and the combined effect of the two compounds was slight. Triton-X-100 also caused a significant solubilization of membrane proteins although even the highest toluene concentrations did not. These results show that organic solvents may cause their membrane effects by acting directly on membrane-bound integral proteins such as ATPase. This action is not only dependent on the lipid solubility of the compounds, but also on their molecular structure.     

拟除虫菊酯对神经细胞膜Na^＋,Ca^2＋离子通道的影响

为探讨拟除虫菊酯类（Ｐｙｒｅｔｈｒｏｉｄｓ，Ｐｙｓ）对神经细胞电信号传导系统的作用机制，应用膜片箝（Ｐａｔｃｈｃｌａｍｐ）技术，研究了大鼠神经细胞在Ｐｙｓ农药氰戊菊酯（Ｆｅｎｖａｌｅｒａｔｅ，Ｆｅｎ）和四甲菊酯（Ｔｅ－ｔｒａｍｅｔｈｒｉｎ，Ｔｅｔ）作用下，Ｎａ＋、Ｃａ２＋电流的变化。实验结果表明：Ｆｅｎ和Ｔｅｔ对Ｎａ＋通道的毒作用特点为：低剂量激活、高剂量抑制；对Ｃａ２＋通道的影响亦表现为低剂量激活、高剂量抑制，但激活作用较弱而抑制作用明显。此外，Ｐｙｓ可引起兴奋性突触后电位（ＥＰＳＰ）频率的增高。     

Laboratory evaluation of cyromazine against insecticide-susceptible and -resistant mosquito larvae

In this study, the activity of cyromazine was evaluated following WHO standard procedures against susceptible and resistant mosquito strains of Anopheles gambiae, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Aedes aegypti. The dose for 50% and 90% inhibition of adult emergence (IE50 and IE90) ranged from 0.028 mg/liter to 0.17 mg/liter and from 0.075 mg/liter to 0.42 mg/liter, respectively. The effects of cyromazine were closer to that of chitin synthesis inhibitors rather than that of juvenile hormone analogues, with only 10-20% pupal mortality. The toxicity of cyromazine was not strongly affected by the presence of common resistance mechanism, i.e., Kdr mutation and Ace.1(R) (resistance ratio from 0.5 to 2.3). The absence of cross resistance with common insecticides (pyrethroids, carbamates, organophosphates) makes cyromazine a potential candidate for disease vector control, especially for the management of insecticide resistance.     

硫酸镍对大鼠心肝肾ATPase毒性的实验研究

目的 探讨硫酸镍对心、肝、肾的毒作用及其机理。方法 对大鼠腹腔注射硫酸镍2.5、5.0、10.0dmg/kg连续10d染毒,制备心肌、肝及肾小管细胞膜,定磷比色法检测细胞Na^ .K^ -ATPase、Ca^2 -ATPase活性。结果 硫酸镍明显抑制心肌、肝、肾小管细胞膜Na^ .K^ -dATPasc、Ca^2 -ATPase活性,其抑制作用肾脏最强,心脏次之,肝脏最轻。结论 硫酸外长致心肝肾损伤与其抑制细胞膜ATPase活性有关。     

Levels of insecticide resistance and resistance mechanisms in Aedes aegypti from some Latin American countries

Eight Latin American strains of Aedes aegypti were evaluated for resistance to 6 organophosphates (temephos, malathion, fenthion, pirimiphos-methyl, fenitrothion, and chlorpirifos) and 4 pyrethroids (deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, betacypermethrin, and cyfluthrin) under laboratory conditions. In larval bioassays, temephos resistance was high (resistance ratio [RR50], > or =10X) in the majority of the strains, except for the Nicaragua and Venezuela strains, which showed moderate resistance (RR50, between 5 and 10X). The majority of the strains were susceptible to malathion, fenthion, and fenitrothion. However, resistance to pirimiphos-methyl ranged from moderate to high in most of the strains. Larvae from Havana City were resistant to 3 of the pyrethroids tested and moderately resistant to cyfluthrin. The Santiago de Cuba strain showed high resistance to deltamethrin and moderate resistance to the other pyrethroids (lambdacyhalothrin, betacypermethrin, and cyfluthrin). The rest of the strains were susceptible to pyrethroids, except for the Jamaica and Costa Rica strains, which showed moderate resistance to cyfluthrin, and Peru and Venezuela, which showed resistance to deltamethrin. Adult bioassays showed that all the strains were resistant to dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane and to the majority of pyrethroids evaluated. The use of the synergists S,S,S,-tributyl phosphorotrithioate and piperonil butoxide showed that esterase and monooxygenases played an important role in the temephos, pirimiphos-methyl, and chlorpirifos resistance in some strains. Biochemical tests showed high frequencies of esterase and glutathione-S-transferase activity; however, the frequency of altered acetylcholinesterase mechanism was low. The polyacrylamide electrophoresis gel detected the presence of a strong band called Est-A4. Insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti is a serious problem facing control operations, and integrated control strategies are recommended to help prevent or delay the temephos resistance in larvae and pyrethroids resistance in adults.