射频消融房室结改良术心电监护分析

分析射频消融房室结改良术２２例术中及术后２４ｈ的心电监护资料，并与预激旁道消融术２２例进行对比研究。结果表明，房室结改良术中、术后心律失常与心率改变的发生率均显著高于旁道消融术。术中主要的心律失常是结性心动过速（８１．８％）及室上性早搏（４５．５％），而术后主要是窦性心率增快。这些改变多于术后４ｈ之内恢复正常     

aVR导联在阵发性室上性心动过速中的鉴别诊断价值

目的分析心电图aVR导联形态在阵发性室上性心动过速中的鉴别诊断价值。方法选取泰达国际心血管病医院行射频消融的室上性心动过速患者157例,男69例,女88例,年龄13~74岁,平均（41.9±19.2）岁,以心内电生理检查结果为金标准,分为慢快型房室结折返性心动过速组（SF-AVNRT组,n=89）和左侧房室旁路参与的房室折返性心动过速组（AVRT组,n=68）,入选者在窦性心律和室上性心动过速时无束支传导阻滞。结果与窦性心律时相比,SF-AVNRT组aVR导联QRS波终末部形态改变（假性r波或粗顿）的发生率73.0%,AVRT组aVR导联QRS波终末部形态改变（假性r波或粗顿）的发生率为1.5%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;与窦性心律时相比,SF-AVNRT组aVR导联ST段抬高、水平型移行或T波降支切迹的发生率为2.2%,AVRT组aVR导联ST段抬高、水平型移行或T波降支切迹的发生率为89.7%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论与窦性心律时相比,SF-AVNRT和AVRT在aVR导联具有不同的心电图特点,aVR导联QRS波终末部形态和ST段形态对判断室上性心动过速的类型具有重要意义,需高度重视aVR导联在室上性心动过速中的鉴别诊断价值。     

体表心电图对室上性心动过速鉴别诊断的价值

目的探讨体表心电图对室上性心动过速鉴别诊断的价值，以便简单快速地诊断是否存在房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）和房室折返性，42动过速（AVRT）。方法回顾性分析2000年12月～2006年12月收治的86例在我院接受射频消融治疗且在体表心电图上有记录的室上性心动过速患者。观察逆P，测定JP间期，观察ST段变化，室上速发作起始情况；QRS的r＇s’q波。结果房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）的正确率88，4％和房室折返性心动过速（AVRT）正确率86．4％，两者均有所提高。结论新方案可以提高房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）和房室折返性心动过速（AVRT）的鉴别诊断正确率。     

分支型特发性室性心动过速1例

1 病例 患者，杨某，男性，20岁学生。三年前运动后觉胸闷，气促，1～2小时自行好转，此后上述症状偶有发生。今次陪母亲来我院看病，突感心悸，气促，恶心，脉搏190次／分，按压颈动脉窦无效。急查心电图常规描记十二导联心电图；心率192次／分，QRS轴-86度QRS波宽大畸形，时限128毫秒，V1导联呈rsR’形。V5，V6呈RS形，R／S〈1。肢导（Ⅱ，Ⅲ，avf）呈rS形。心电图诊断为：分支型特发性室性心动过速。后以异博定终止上述室速，后查心电图正常窦性心律。建议患者到上级医院进行射频消融术治疗。     

体表心电图V1和aVL/aVR导联对房室结折返性心动过速的诊断价值

目的探讨体表心电图V1联合aVL或aVR导联对房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)的诊断价值。方法143例窄QRS心动过速患者的体表心电图,含窦性心律和心动过速心电图。由两位未知心动过速类型的心电生理医师进行诊断,记录包括V1导联假r′波、aVL导联末端切迹、心动过速RP′间期≥100 ms等指标,心动过速类型由心内电生理检查确定。结果AVNRT患者年龄较大(P<0.01),女性较多(72.4% vs 50.0%,P<0.01)。aVL导联末端切迹对于诊断AVNRT具有较高敏感度（60.9%）和特异度（89.3%）,高于传统V1导联假r′和下壁导联假s波（P均小于0.05）;联合V1导联假r′和aVL导联末端切迹或aVR导联假r′波明显提高AVNRT诊断敏感度至78.2%和74.7%,而阳性预测值无明显降低。RP′间期≥100 ms诊断顺向型房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)具有较高敏感度和特异度(敏感度69.6%, 特异度87.4%),联合aVR导联ST段J点后80 ms下斜型抬高超过1.5 mV指标,明显提高AVRT诊断敏感度（89.2%）。结论体表心电图V1和aVL或aVR导联可提高AVNRT诊断价值。     

体表心电图V1导联f波平均振幅、血清hs-CRP、IL-6与心房颤动射频消融术后复发关系的研究

目的探讨体表心电图V1导联f波平均振幅、血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)与心房颤动射频消融术后复发关系。方法回顾性选取实施射频消融手术治疗的心房颤动患者92例,收集时间2013年1月至2016年1月,根据患者术后是否出现复发分为复发组41例、未复发组51例。收集两组的一般资料、体表心电图V1导联f波平均振幅、检测血清hs-CRP、IL-6的水平,并探讨房颤患者射频消融术后体表心电图V1导联f波平均振幅、检测血清hs-CRP、IL-6水平与复发的关系。结果复发组和未复发组的体质指数(BMI)、吸烟、病程、合并糖尿病、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、左室射血分数(LVEF%)测定值差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),复发组合并高血压患者比率显著高于未复发组(P0.05),复发组检测血清hs-CRP、IL-6水平显著高于未复发组(P0.05),复发组的体表心电图V1导联f波平均振幅显著低于未复发组(P0.05)。血清hs-CRP、IL-6水平升高、体表心电图V1导联f波平均振幅降低、合并高血压是房颤患者射频消融术后复发的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论血清hs-CRP、IL-6水平升高,体表心电图V1导联f波平均振幅降低可能会增加房颤患者射频消融术后复发的概率。     

起源于冠状静脉窦口附近的房性心动过速体表心电图特点和射频消融治疗

【目的】阐述起源于冠状静脉窦口附近的房性心动过速（简称房速）体表心电图特点及射频消融结果。【方法】本组共6例起源于冠状静脉窦口的局灶性房速,冠状静脉窦口位置通过冠状静脉窦造影确定。如标测的最早激动点位于冠状静脉窦口周1cm范围以内的区域并在此消融成功,则认为心动过速是起源于冠状窦口的房速。【结果】6例房速均在冠状静脉窦口附近消融成功,靶点局部A波激动时间领先体表P波起点31～50（39±12）ms。本组房速体表P波具有以下特点：Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联P波呈负向波,Ⅰ导联呈等电位线或低幅正向波,aVL导联呈正向波,多数病例V1导联P波前半部分为等电位线,后半部分为正向波,胸前导联P波由右向左在V3～V5导联逐渐移行为负向。【结论】冠状静脉窦口附近是右房房速的一个重要起源点,其体表心电图有明确特征。     

射频消融术后迟发性房室传导阻滞1例分析

对射频消融术后迟发性房室传导阻滞1例分析如下。1病历摘要男,41岁。因反复心悸1 a余入院。常规心电图检查示阵发性室上性心动过速伴功能性右束支传导阻滞,每次发作均用异搏定5 mg缓慢静脉推注,可迅速转为窦性心律。此次入院体检:一般情况好,无阳性体征。心内电生理检查示房室结双径路,并诱发房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)(慢-快型)。     

休克所致暂时性Q波1例

患者,男,84岁。因频繁呕吐腹泻8小时,突然抽搐发作数次而入院。测血压0,心电图示室速室颤。经抢救后恢复窦性心律,血压90/60毫米汞柱。2日后上午心电图示窦律,V_1呈rSr′S′型,V_2呈qRs型,下午心电图示窦律V_(1,2)呈Qr型,Q波超过0.04″,深度     

十二导联心电图对左主干病变导致急性冠状动脉综合征的诊断价值

目的探讨十二导联心电图对左主干病变导致急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）的诊断价值。方法37例ACS患者根据冠状动脉造影结果分为A组（左主干病变导致ACS组）17例和B组（左前降支近段病变导致ACS组）20例,2组患者胸痛发作时均行十二导联心电图检查,分析冠状动脉病变血管与相应心电图变化的关系。结果A组在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF、V2、V3、V4、V5、V6导联上相应ST段压低的发生率高于B组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。A组ST段在aVR、V1导联抬高并aVF、V2、V4导联压低发生率高于B组（P〈0．05）。结论十二导联心电图上aVR、V1导联ST段抬高并aVF、V2、V4导联压低对ACS患者左主干病变有较好的阳性预测价值。     

经导管射频消融治疗阵发性室上性心动过速1106例临床分析

目的探讨经导管射频消融治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的效果及安全性。方法2003年7月至2011年1月在厦门市心脏中心行心内电生理检查及射频消融术治疗的心动过速患者1106例,分析各型心动过速的构成比,评价术中成功率及其相关因素,长期随访观察复发率及并发症发生率。结果共纳入阵发性室上性心动过速患者1106例,男女比例为1：1,其中房室旁道型心动过速588例,房室结折返型心动过速477例,房性心动过速41例。术中即刻消融成功1087例（98．3％,1087／1106）,复发43例（3．9％,43／1106）,其中房室结折返型心动过速复发7例（1．5％,7／477）;房室旁道复发33例（5．6％,33／588）,左侧旁道复发16例（3．9％,16／302）,右侧旁道17例（9．1％,17／186）;房性心动过速复发3例（8．1％,3／41）。并发症发生率为1．5％（17／1106）,主要为气胸6例,血气胸1例,肺栓塞1例,左颈皮下气肿1例,术中一过性Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞2例,术中I度房室传导阻滞3例,术后持续性Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞需植入永久性心脏起搏器2例（0．2％）,术后5d心源性猝死1例,为长期中风卧床者,为手术非相关死亡。结论经导管射频消融为阵发性室上性心动过速安全有效的治疗方法。     

Differential diagnosis of slow/slow atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia from atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia using concealed posteroseptal accessory pathway by 12-lead electrocardiography

Slow pathways are used as both antegrade and retrograde conduction pathway in slow/slow atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (SS-AVNRT), and patients with SS-AVNRT have tachycardia ECGs mimicking atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia using concealed posteroseptal accessory pathway (PS-AVRT). Therefore, SS-AVNRT can be misdiagnosed as PS-AVRT, and the differential diagnosis is clinically important. Standard 12-lead ECGs during tachycardia were analyzed in patients with SS-AVNRT (n = 10) and PS-AVRT (n = 10). All these patients were diagnosed by electrophysiological study and underwent successful catheter ablation. Differences of the RP' intervals (dRP') between V1 and the inferior leads were evaluated. SS-AVNRT had significantly longer RP' intervals measured in V1 (167 +/- 25.2 vs 137 +/- 26.8 ms, SS-AVNRT vs PS-AVRT, respectively, P = 0.02), longer dRP' between V1 and II (dRP'[V1-II], 37 +/- 14 vs 17 +/- 6.7 ms, P = 0.0007), longer dRP'[V1-III] (39 +/- 14 vs 17 +/- 9.9 ms, P = 0.0011), and longer dRP'[V1-aVF] (39 +/- 13 vs 20 +/- 9.5 ms, P = 0.0008). The following criteria were suggested for differential diagnosis of SS-AVNRT from PS-AVRT: dRP'[V1-II] >25 ms (sensitivity and specificity: 80% and 100%, respectively), dRP'[V1-III] >23 ms (90% and 90%), dRP'[V1-aVF] >30 ms (90% and 90%). Differences of the RP' intervals between V1 and the inferior leads in the tachycardia ECGs were useful for differential diagnosis of SS-AVNRT from PS-AVRT.     

The effect of ibutilide on retrograde accessory pathway conduction

Ibutilide is a compound with Class III effects marketed for rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. The Class III effect is primarily mediated by blockade of the rapid component of the cardiac delayed rectifier of potassium current, Ikr. Ibutilide was used in three patients with concealed accessory pathways during electrophysiological evaluation for ablation of symptomatic atrioventricular reentry tachycardia. Each pathway (mid-septal, left posterior, and left lateral) exhibited a mean retrograde effective refractory period of 240 +/- 20 ms. Each patient had atrioventricular reentry tachycardia that consistently degenerated to recurrent sustained atrial fibrillation. One to two milligrams of intravenous ibutilide converted atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm and maintained sinus rhythm throughout the procedure. Retrograde accessory pathway conduction was unchanged. Maintenance of sinus rhythm allowed for successful mapping and catheter ablation of the concealed accessory pathways. No direct current cardioversion was needed. In these patients, ibutilide was effective in converting and controlling atrial fibrillation induced by atrioventricular reentry tachycardia without masking retrograde pathway conduction. Antegrade accessory pathway conduction could not be assessed in this study.     

Paradoxical preexcitation during cryoablation of a concealed parahisian accessory pathway

A 16‐year‐old male presented with an orthodromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia over a concealed parahisian accessory pathway (AP). Cryoablation of the AP resulted in transient manifestation of a fully preexcited sinus rhythm of parahisian AP morphology. Potential causes for the paradoxical preexcitation include inadvertent atrioventricular nodal block, sourse‐sink mismatch, as well as the activation of a dormant AP capable of anterograde conduction.     

"V-H-A Pattern" as a criterion for the differential diagnosis of atypical AV nodal reentrant tachycardia from AV reciprocating tachycardia

BACKGROUND: During ventricular extrastimulation, His bundle potential (H) following ventricular (V) and followed by atrial potentials (A), i.e., V-H-A, is observed in the His bundle electrogram when ventriculo-atrial (VA) conduction occurs via the normal conduction system. We examined the diagnostic value of V-H-A for atypical form of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), which showed the earliest atrial activation site at the posterior paraseptal region during the tachycardia. METHODS: We prospectively examined the response of VA conduction to ventricular extrastimulation during basic drive pacing performed during sinus rhythm in 16 patients with atypical AVNRT masquerading atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) utilizing a posterior paraseptal accessory pathway and 21 with AVRT utilizing a posterior paraseptal accessory pathway. Long RP' tachycardia with RP'/RR > 0.5 was excluded. The incidences of V-H-A and dual AV nodal physiology (DP) were compared between atypical AVNRT and AVRT. RESULTS: V-H-A was demonstrated in all the 16 patients (100%) in atypical AVNRT and in only 1 of the 21 (5%) in AVRT (P < 0.001). DP was demonstrated in 10 patients (63%) in atypical AVNRT and in 4 (19%) in AVRT (P < 0.05). The sensitivity of V-H-A for atypical AVNRT was higher than that of DP (P < 0.05). Positive and negative predictive values were 94% and 100%, respectively, for V-H-A and 71% and 74%, respectively, for DP. CONCLUSIONS: The appearance of V-H-A during ventricular extrastimulation is a simple criterion for differentiating atypical AVNRT masquerading AVRT from AVRT utilizing a posterior paraseptal accessory pathway.     

A modified electrocardiographic algorithm for differentiating typical atrioventricular node re-entrant tachycardia from atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia mediated by concealed accessory pathway

Non-invasive prediction of tachycardia mechanism is becoming clinically important in the era of catheter ablation for curing supraventricular tachycardia. Twelve-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) during sinus rhythm and atrioventricular node re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) or atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) with a narrow QRS complex were obtained from 154 consecutive adult patients who had received successful radiofrequency catheter ablation. The ECGs of initial 104 patients were analysed by three observers without knowledge of the electrophysiological diagnosis. The two arrhythmias were accurately diagnosed in 68% of cases. Three criteria were found to be discriminators of tachycardia mechanism by univariable analysis. Pseudo r/Q/S waves predicated AVNRT in 92% of cases (sensitivity 71%; specificity 95%). Retrograde P wave predicated AVRT in 86% of cases (sensitivity 75%; specificity 85%), RP interval > or =100 ms in 93% (sensitivity 71%; specificity 94%) and ST-segment elevation in lead aVR in 83% (sensitivity 71%; specficity 83%). According to the initial results, we proposed a modified stepwise ECG algorithm which used pseudo r/S/Q waves, RP interval and ST-segment elevation in lead aVR during tachycardia. Two observers assessed the modified algorithm in the remaining 50 patients. The algorithm was able to correctly diagnose the tachycardia mechanism in 84% and 87%, respectively. Using the modified algorithm can improve the accuracy and simplify the differential diagnosis between typical AVNRT and AVRT via concealed accessory pathway in adult patients.     

1693例经食道电生理诱发快速性心律失常的分析

目的:探讨1693例经食道电生理检查诱发快速性心律失常的诊断及分型的准确性。方法:收集经食道电生理检查诱发快速性心律失常的1693例患者,同时进行心内电生理检查术和射频消融术治疗,并进行诊断及分型比较。统计相对于心内电生理与食道电生理检查的诊断符合率。结果:食道电生理检查对左侧旁路伴房室折返性心动过速的诊断符合率达97.71%;右侧旁路伴房室折返性心动过速达95.45%;双径路伴房室结折返性心动过速达92.97%;三径路伴房室结折返性心动过速达100%;房性心动过速达100%;心房扑动达100%;心房颤动100%;长RP′心动过速94.44%;室性心动过速95.74%。结论:食道电生理检查具有无创、简便、费用低廉等优点,对快速性心律失常的诊断、分型及终止具有重要的价值。     

The different ablation effects on atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in children with and without dual nodal pathways

BACKGROUND: Previous studies in adults have shown a significant shortening of the fast pathway effective refractory period (ERP) after successful slow pathway ablation. However, information on atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) in children is limited. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the different effects of radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation in pediatric AVNRT patients between those with and without dual atrioventricular (AV) nodal pathways. METHODS: From January 1992 to August 2004, a total 67 pediatric patients with AVNRT underwent an electrophysiologic study and RF catheter ablation at our institution. We compared the electrophysiologic characteristics between those obtained before and after ablation in the children with AVNRT with and without dual AV nodal pathways. RESULTS: Dual AV nodal pathways were found in 37 (55%) of 67 children, including 36 (54%) with antegrade and 10 (15%) with retrograde dual AV nodal pathways. The antegrade and retrograde fast pathway ERPs in children with dual AV nodal pathways were both longer than the antegrade and retrograde ERPs in children without dual AV nodal pathways (300 +/- 68 vs 264 +/- 58 ms, P = 0.004; 415 +/- 70 vs 250 +/- 45 ms, P < 0.001) before ablation. In children with antegrade dual AV nodal pathways, the antegrade fast pathway ERP decreased from 300 +/- 68 ms to 258 +/- 62 ms (P = 0.008). The retrograde fast pathway ERP also decreased after successful ablation in the children with retrograde dual AV nodal pathways (415 +/- 70 vs. 358 +/- 72 ms, P = 0.026). CONCLUSION: The dual AV nodal physiology could not be commonly demonstrated in pediatric patients with inducible AVNRT. After a successful slow pathway ablation, the fast pathway ERP shortened significantly in the children with dual AV nodal pathways.     

起源于冠状静脉窦口的右侧旁路合并房室结双径路的诊断与鉴别

目的探讨复杂多径路心动过速时的应用拖带和程序S2刺激进行诊断和鉴别分析。 方法回顾性分析1例间歇性预激波患者频发室上性心动过速,经心脏电生理检查行右心室拖带刺激和心室程序S2刺激,测量最后一跳刺激信号到自身心房波间期减去心动过速下心室到心房的间期(SA-VA)和起搏后间期(PPI)－心动过速周长(TCC),并行常规射频导管消融术治疗。 结果术中心室分级刺激S1S1：350 ms诱发右侧旁路参与的房室折返性心动过速,TCL为372 ms, PPI为395 ms,继续行心房S1S2：500/310 ms刺激,"跳跃"诱发同前一样的室房波不融合心动过速。再次行心房S1S1：280 ms刺激,可反复诱发慢快型房室结折返性心动过速。在旁路参与的心动过速下给予心室程序S2刺激,测量PPI为385.1 ms, TCL为360.1 ms,PPI－TCL≤20 ms,证实为右侧旁路参与的房室折返性心动过速,同时存在慢快型房室结折返性行心动过速,给予常规射频导管消融成功径路和旁路。术后随访12个月未有心动过速发作。 结论通过右心室心室拖带刺激,以及测量SA-VA间期和PPI-TCL间期可以用来鉴别典型房室结折返性心动过速与间隔房室旁路。