Characteristics of hypertension and arterial stiffness in obstructive sleep apnea: A Scandinavian experience from a prospective study of 6408 normotensive and hypertensive patients

The impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on arterial stiffness is less studied. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and covariates of increased pulse pressure (PP), a surrogate marker of arterial stiffness, in the entire study population as well as in separate analyses in normotensive and hypertensive patients. Further, we also explored the impact of smoking on brachial BP in hypertensive patients. Between 2012 and 2019, a total of 6408 participants with suspected OSA underwent a standard out‐of‐center respiratory polygraphy. OSA was defined by an apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) ≥15/h regardless of symptoms. PP ≥60 mmHg was used as a surrogate marker of increased arterial stiffness. Mean age was 49.3±13.7 years, 69.4% were male, and 34.5% had OSA. The prevalence of hypertension was 70.8% in OSA and 46.7% in No‐OSA (AHI < 15/h) controls (P < .0001). Hypertension was controlled (clinic BP < 140/90 mmHg) in 45.5% and uncontrolled in 54.5% (P < .001). Mean PP was 50±12 mmHg in smokers and 52±12 mmHg in non‐smokers (P = .001). Increased PP was found in 24.2% of the entire study population and was higher in patients with OSA compared to No‐OSA group (27.5% vs 22.4%, P < .0001). In an unadjusted logistic regression model, OSA was associated with a 1.3‐fold higher risk of having increased PP (95% CI 1.16‐1.48, P < .001). In a multivariable‐adjusted model, higher age, male sex, and history of hypertension, but not OSA (OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.77‐1.02, P = .104) were associated with increased PP. In this large study of nearly 6500 participants who were referred with suspected OSA, one‐third were diagnosed with OSA and a quarter had increased arterial stiffness by elevated brachial PP. Hypertension but not OSA per se was associated with increased arterial stiffness. Hypertension was highly prevalent and poorly controlled.     

高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者昼夜血压的变化

目的研究轻中度高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者昼夜血压变化的特点。方法入选心功能(NHYA)Ⅰ级的轻中度高血压患者177例,经多导睡眠呼吸监测后,按睡眠呼吸暂停指数分为4组,单纯高血压组(A组)42例,高血压合并轻度OSAS组(B组)66例,高血压合并中度OSAS组(C组)25例和高血压合并重度OSAS组(D组)44例,进行24 h动态血压监测。结果 D组患者昼间和夜间血压水平明显高于A组(P<0.05,P<0.01),与A组比较,B、C和D组夜间舒张压显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。夜间低血氧水平与醒时、醒后舒张压、昼间、夜间收缩压和舒张压呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论轻中度高血压合并OSAS患者的夜间舒张压更高,合并重度OSAS的高血压患者全天血压水平均明显高于单纯高血压患者,血压升高幅度与夜间低氧血症程度呈负相关。     

老年高血压病并发阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者血压特点及与炎症因子的关系

目的研究并发中重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS）的老年高血压患者血压的变化情况及炎症因子的水平,从而揭示此类患者的疾病特点。方法将60例年龄大于60岁的研究对象根据诊所血压、24 h动态血压和多导睡眠图监测结果分为单纯高血压病组（n=30）和并发OSAS组（高血压病并发中重度睡眠呼吸暂停综合征,n=30）。用ELISA法测定白介素-6（IL-6）、sCD40L、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、可溶性细胞间黏附分子1（ICAM-1）及血管细胞黏附分子1（VCAM-1）的浓度。结果①并发OSAS组中非杓型血压的发生率为67%,明显高于单纯高血压组的发生率37%（P<0.05）。②并发OSAS组24 h、白天、夜间平均脉压（mean arterial blood pressure,MAP）分别为（51±13）mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）,（50±13）mmHg和（51±17）mmHg均明显高于单纯高血压组（45±7）mmHg,（46±8）mmHg和（44±6）mmHg,并有统计学意义（P<0.05）。③并发OSAS组的IL-6、sCD40L、hs-CRP、ICAM-1、VCAM-1浓度明显高于单纯高血压组。④并发OSAS组的hs-CRP、ICAM-1、VCAM-1浓度变化与呼吸紊乱指数、睡眠血氧下降程度正相关（r=0.852,P<0.05）。hs-CRP与MAP呈正相关（P<0.01）,ICAM-1与夜间血压下降率呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论中重度睡眠呼吸暂停影响老年人血压昼夜节律的变化,同时对脉压产生明显影响,炎症反应也明显加重。     

Analysis of arterial hypertension pharmacotherapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

IntroductionObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is often connected with arterial hypertension and it could also be a cause of secondary hypertension. Treatment of arterial hypertension and optimal blood pressure level are important for prevention of cardiovascular complications. It is not well known how to treat patients with OSA and arterial hypertension. Also many patients with OSA suffer from metabolic syndrome which worsen their prognosis.AimThe aim of our study was to assess arterial hypertension compensation in patients with metabolic syndrome and moderate to severe OSA and to analyze used pharmacotherapy.Materials and methods85 hypertensive patients (75 men) with metabolic syndrome, average age 53.6 ± 9.3 years, were evaluated using overnight sleep study with diagnosis of OSA, average apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) 56.3 ± 23. Patients underwent 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and their current pharmacotherapy data were obtained. Appropriate combinations of antihypertensive drugs (patients with metabolic syndrome) were derived from ESH/ESC 2013 guidelines.ResultsArterial hypertension was well compensated in only 11.8% of the patients. 24.7% patients were treated according to current guidelines. Fisher's exact test with analysis of adjusted residues has found higher rate of blood pressure subcompensation in patients treated with triple+ combination of drugs (p = 0.035, 51.4% vs 10%).ConclusionOnly a small number of patients had optimal blood pressure level and were treated according to current ESH/ESC guidelines. We have to constantly appeal to all physicians to perform ABPM in patients with OSA.     

Long sleep duration and cardiovascular disease: Associations with arterial stiffness and blood pressure variability

Although short and long sleep duration are both risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the recent meta‐analyses have been shown that long sleep duration was closely associated with CVD mortality. While the specific mechanism underlying the association between long sleep duration and CVD remains unclear, long sleep duration was shown to be associated with arterial stiffness and blood pressure variability (BPV) in many Asian populations. This review article will focus on the pathophysiology of long sleep duration, arterial stiffness, BPV and their effects on CVD. To set the stage for this review, we first summarize the current insights for the relationship between long sleep duration and CVD in relation to arterial stiffness and BPV.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血浆神经肽Y水平与睡前及晨起血压的相关性

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者血浆神经肽Y(NPY)浓度与患者睡前及晨起血压水平的相关性.方法 分组:肥胖OSAHS患者32例(OSAHS组)、非OSAHS肥胖者26例(单纯肥胖组)和体质量正常的健康成人27名(正常对照组).其中OSAHS组和单纯肥胖组接受多导睡眠仪(PSG)监测.血浆NPY的浓度采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法测定.结果 OSAHS组血浆NPY浓度显著高于单纯肥胖组(P＜0.05)及正常对照组(P＜0.01).OSAHS患者睡前舒张压、晨起收缩压及舒张压比单纯肥胖组明显升高,差异有统计学意义.相关分析显示,OSAH S组血浆NPY浓度与患者睡前舒张压、晨起收缩压及舒张压呈正相关(P值分别为0.049、0.017、0.006).结论 OSAHS组NPY水平升高,NPY对OSAHS患者血压尤其晨起血压升高起到一定促进作用.     

经鼻持续气道内正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者血压的影响

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS)是一种睡眠呼吸障碍性疾病,高血压是其最常见的并发症和合并症之一,近年来研究显示,OSAS引起的高血压多为难治性.常规药物降压效果较差.而经鼻持续气道内正压通气可以取得良好的疗效,本文就OSAS与高血压关系及经鼻持续气道内正压通气对OSAS患者血压影响的研究进展作相应综述.     

Nocturnal blood pressure surge in seconds is associated with arterial stiffness independently of conventional nocturnal blood pressure variability in suspected obstructive sleep apnea patients

Nocturnal blood pressure (BP) surge in seconds (sec-surge), which is characterized as acute transient BP elevation over several tens of seconds is induced by obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and OSA-related sympathetic hyperactivity. The authors assessed the relationship between sec-surge and arterial stiffness in 34 nocturnal hypertensive patients with suspected OSA (mean age 63.9 ± 12.6 years, 32.4% female). During the night, they had beat-by-beat (BbB) BP and cuff-oscillometric BP measurements, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was assessed as an arterial stiffness index. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the upward duration (UD) of sec-surge was significantly associated with baPWV independently of nocturnal oscillometric systolic BP variability (β = .365, p = .046). This study suggests that the UD of sec-surge, which can only be measured using a BbB BP monitoring device, may be worth monitoring in addition to nocturnal BP level.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停对动态血压影响的研究

目的　探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (OSA)夜间低氧血症对动态血压变化的影响。方法　选择阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 (OSAS)患者 60例和正常对照组 2 0例进行多导睡眠图检查和 2 4h血压监测。结果　轻度OSAS患者的动态血压及其昼夜节律的改变与正常对照组相比无显著性差异 ;中度OSAS患者的nMDP及血压昼夜节律与正常对照组相比已有显著性差异 ;而重度OSAS组的动态血压改变则更加明显 ,2 4hMDP、2 4hMAP、dMSP、dMDP、dMAP、nMSP、nMDP、nMAP均明显高于对照组 ,其中 2 4hMDP、dMDP、dMAP、nMSP、nMDP与轻、中度组比较有显著性差异 ,同时夜间血压下降节律紊乱 ,昼夜血压差值减小。OSAS患者 2 4hMDP、dMDP、nMSP、nMDP、nMAP与睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数 (AHI)呈显著正相关 ,而 2 4hMSP、2 4hMAP、nMSP、nMAP、ΔSBP、ΔDBP与睡眠中经皮血氧饱和度(SpO2 )降低大于 0 0 4的总次数、SpO2 低于 0 90的时间均呈正相关 ,而与睡眠中SpO2 最低值、SpO2 平均值呈负相关。结论　OSAS患者各期血压的平均水平与AHI、呼吸暂停持续时间及SpO2 降低的程度显著相关 ,OSAS的病情越重 ,这种血压变化及昼夜节律改变越显著     

高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的动态血压分析

目的分析高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS）患者24小时动态血压（ambulatory blood pressum,ABP）的特点。方法80例高血压患者行多导睡眠仪（polysomnography）,行动态血压监测,按监测结果分为单纯高血压病组（essentialhypertention,EH）、EH合并轻度OSAS组、EH合并中重度OSAS组。3组进行日间、夜间平均收缩压;日间、夜间平均舒张压;非杓型高血压发生率的对比。结果EH合并OSAS组（轻度及中重度）夜间平均收缩压、平均舒张压较EH组患者升高,EH合并中重OSAS组日间平均收缩压较EH组患者升高,均有统计学差异。EH合并OSAS组较EH组相比非杓型高血压发生率升高,有统计学差异;EH合并中重度OSAS组升高明显。结论OSAS与高血压有很强的相关性,EH合并OSAS患者非杓型高血压发生率高于单纯EH组。     

重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征夜间血压波动特点及其继发高血压病的相关因素

目的探讨伴与不伴有高血压病的重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者血压波动的特点及相关影响因素。方法纳入南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院呼吸科2016年8月至2017年12月重度OSAHS患者125例,根据是否合并高血压分为高血压组(n=64)及血压正常组(n=61)。行多导睡眠图(PSG)检测时,同步测量脉搏传导时间(PTT)以行连续的动态血压监测。仰卧位清醒状态下,通过袖带测量血压,达到连续3个稳定血压测量值后行血压定标,血压及脉搏变化融合于PSG中。以呼吸事件发生时收缩压最高值与最低值的差值作为呼吸暂停事件相关血压波动幅度(△BP);以每小时△BP10 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa)次数作为血压波动频率(血压指数)。为进一步分析微觉醒及缺氧对血压波动的影响,将所有受试者整夜的呼吸暂停事件进行分类:A类,呼吸暂停事件仅伴有缺氧;B类,呼吸暂停事件仅伴有微觉醒;C类,呼吸暂停事件同时伴有微觉醒及缺氧,比较三类不同呼吸事件引起的△BP。采用SPSS 16.0统计软件进行数据处理。高血压组及血压正常组各项参数比较采用独立样本t检验。三类呼吸暂停事件的比较(A类、B类、C类)采用卡方检验。考察变量之间的相互关系首先使用Pearson相关分析,再行逐步多元回归分析。结果高血压组的睡眠呼吸紊乱指标明显高于血压正常组;与血压正常组相比,高血压组的△BP和血压指数明显增高[(15.4±4.5)vs(10.9±2.6)mm Hg;(57.0±16.5)vs(22.7±12.0)次/h,均P0.001]。分析整夜呼吸事件提示A类呼吸事件的△BP明显大于B类[高血压组:(15.4±4.9)vs(11.9±3.8)mm Hg;血压正常组:(10.6±3.1)vs(9.5±2.4)mm Hg,均P0.001],而C类中的△BP明显高于A类及B类(均P0.001)。回归分析表明,与其他睡眠呼吸紊乱指数相比,血压指数(清醒期:r2=0.454,P0.001;睡眠期:r2=0.470,P0.001)及脉搏血氧饱和度(Sp O2)90%累计时间(r2=0.051,P0.001;睡眠期:r2=0.073,P0.001)与血压平均水平更相关。结论在重度OSAHS中,高血压病的发生与夜间血压变异性增高及缺氧时间密切相关;微觉醒及缺氧均可引起血压的急剧增高,而缺氧占有主导地位。     

老年高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者血压昼夜节律的特点

目的探讨老年高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者血压昼夜节律的特点。方法入选老年原发性高血压患者90例,根据多导睡眠监测结果,将受试者分为单纯高血压组(42例)、高血压合并轻度OSAS组(21例)、高血压合并中、重度OSAS组(27例),行24 h动态血压监测,观察睡眠呼吸状态对血压昼夜节律的影响。结果高血压合并轻度OSAS组、高血压合并中、重度OSAS组与单纯高血压组比较,夜间收缩压、舒张压差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);与单纯高血压组比较,高血压合并轻度OSAS组血压曲线非杓型所占比例差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),高血压合并中、重度OSAS组比例有显著性差异(P<0.01);高血压合并中、重度OSAS组与高血压合并轻度OSAS组比较血压非杓型所占比例差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论老年高血压合并OSAS患者其血压变异高于单纯高血压患者,这在合并有中、重度OSAS的患者表现尤其明显,因此老年高血压患者要注意睡眠状态时血压的变化,早期诊断OSAS并积极有效地治疗。     

急性低氧及高二氧化碳刺激对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者外周动脉硬度及血压的影响

目的 探讨急性低氧及高CO2刺激对OSAHS患者外周动脉硬度和血压的影响.方法 选取2006年1月至12月到北京大学人民医院睡眠中心进行多导睡眠呼吸生理监测者,试验组包含呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)≥10次/h的OSAHS患者28例,男22例,女6例,平均年龄(40±14)岁;对照组包含26名AHI<5次/h的健康志愿者,男20名,女6名,平均年龄(40±15)岁,均排除高血压、糖尿病、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病及其他心、肺、血管疾病.两组均按相同方法测定四肢血压及心脏-踝血管指数(CAVI),以清醒平卧休息时为基础值,通过重复呼吸法利用特制的密闭呼吸回路分别进行急性高CO2、低氧、低氧合并高CO2吸入刺激,每次刺激结束后立即重复测定四肢血压及CAVI值.计数资料的对比采用χ2检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用t检验.结果 两组间基础状态下收缩压、舒张压、平均压及CAVI值比较差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为1.720、1.891、1.828及0.103,均P>0.05).给予高CO2刺激后两组CAVI均呈下降趋势,但试验组[(7.3±1.2)m/s]下降的程度与基础状态[(7.3±1.3)m/s]比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.333,P>0.05),对照组[(7.0±1.4)m/s]出现明显下降(t=2.587,P<0.05);两组的收缩压均明显升高.给予低氧刺激后两组CAVI均呈升高趋势,试验组[(7.3±1.1)m/s]改变不明显,对照组[(7.6±1.6)m/s]明显升高,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.882,P<0.01),血压没有明显改变(t值分别为-0.434及-0.400,均P>0.05).给予低氧合并高CO2刺激后两组CAVI均呈升高趋势,对照组[(7.5±1.7)m/s]明显升高,但程度较单纯低氧刺激时低,血压的改变与单纯高CO2刺激时类似.结论 CO2升高及低氧均可影响外周动脉硬度.OSAHS患者对低氧和高CO2刺激的反应性明显低于健康对照组.     

Characteristics of hypertension in obstructive sleep apnea: An Asian experience

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a risk of hypertension and is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence. In Asian countries, the prevalence of OSA is high, as in Western countries. When blood pressure (BP) is evaluated in OSA individuals using ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), the BP phenotype often indicates abnormal BP variability, such as increased nighttime BP or abnormal diurnal BP variation, that is, non‐dipper pattern, riser pattern, and morning BP surge, and all these conditions have been associated with increased CVD events. Asians have a higher prevalence of increased nighttime BP or morning BP surge than Westerners. Therefore, this review paper focused on OSA and hypertension from an Asian perspective to investigate the importance of the association between OSA and hypertension in the Asian population. Such abnormal BP variability has been shown to be associated with progression of arterial stiffness, and this association could provoke a vicious cycle between abnormal BP phenotypes and arterial stiffness, a phenomenon recognized as systemic hemodynamic atherothrombotic syndrome (SHATS). OSA may be one of the background factors that augment SHATS. An oxygen‐triggered nocturnal oscillometric BP measurement device combined with a pulse oximeter for continuous SpO₂ monitoring could detect BP variability caused by OSA. In addition to treating the OSA, accurate and reliable detection and treatment of any residual BP elevation and BP variability caused by OSA would be necessary to prevent CVD events. However, more detailed detection of BP variability, such as beat‐by‐beat BP monitoring, would further help to reduce CV events.     

持续气道正压通气治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停相关性高血压的疗效观察

目的:评估持续气道正压通气(CPAP)对严重阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)合并Ⅱ~Ⅲ级高血压患者的疗效。方法:32名高血压合并严重OSA的患者(呼吸暂停低通气指数30),予以3联抗高血压药物(缬沙坦160 mg+氨氯地平5~10 mg+氢氯噻嗪25 mg),3周后将患者随机分为2组,治疗组给予有效CPAP治疗(压力4~15cm H2O),每晚4 h;对照组给予安慰剂CPAP治疗(压力4 cm H2O),治疗3周。分别在降压药物治疗前、后及CPAP治疗3周后测量每位患者的诊室血压、动态血压、动态动脉硬化指数(AASI)、主动脉压、颈-股动脉脉搏波传导速度(cf PWV)、收缩波增强指数。结果:降压药物治疗3周之后,诊室血压及中心动脉压均有明显下降(P0.05),有效CPAP治疗3周后,两指标均有进一步的下降(P0.05)。降压药物治疗之前有94%的患者cf PWV超过正常范围(脉搏波传导速度12 ms),降压治疗后cf PWV下降了[(1.9±1.0)ms,P0.01],有效CPAP治疗后cf PWV进一步下降了0.7 ms(P0.05)。降压药物+有效CPAP组有37.5%的患者PWV超过正常,单纯降压药物治疗患者中有56%的患者PWV超过正常,降压药物+安慰剂CPAP组有53%的患者PWV超过正常。只有降压药物和CPAP联合治疗才能获得增强指数和AASI的显著下降以及主动脉和肱动脉血压的进一步降低。结论:OSA合并Ⅱ~Ⅲ级高血压患者给予有效CPAP治疗3周,患者诊室血压、动态血压、中心血压有了进一步下降,同时动脉硬化参数,如cf PWV、AASI和增强指数有显著改善。     

高血压患者动态动脉僵硬指数与血压变异性的关系

目的探讨高血压患者动态动脉僵硬指数(AASI)与血压变异性(BPV)的关系。方法入选2009-03-2011-10中国医科大学附属第一医院就诊的高血压患者119例,所有患者均行24h动态血压监测。AASI定义为1减去24h舒张压和收缩压的回归系数。依据AASI水平,分为4组:AASI<0.30、0.30～<0.41、0.41～<0.52、≥0.52。结果相关性分析显示,AASI分别与年龄(r=0.301,P<0.01)、24h收缩压(r=0.276,P=0.001)、白昼收缩压(r=0.225,P=0.008)、夜间收缩压(r=0.366,P<0.01)、24h脉压(r=0.510,P<0.01)、24h收缩压标准差(r=0.297,P=0.001)呈正相关,而与24h舒张压标准差(r=-0.256,P=0.002)、24h平均心率标准差(r=-0.205,P=0.017)及24h平均动脉压标准差(r=-0.202,P=0.017)呈负相关。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,AASI与24h脉压和24h收缩压标准差呈正相关(β=0.321,β=0.725,均P<0.01),与24h舒张压标准差和24h平均动脉压标准差呈负相关(β=-0.428,β=-0.346,均P<0.01)。结论 AASI与BPV密切相关。     

Prevalence of masked and nocturnal hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

IntroductionObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is considered as a risk factor for the development and worsening of compensation of arterial hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Prevalence of masked and nocturnal hypertension can have a significant negative impact on these patients and these prevalences are not well known.AimTo evaluate the prevalence of masked and nocturnal hypertension in patients with OSA.Materials and methodsIn this study, 97 (88 men) patients were enrolled, average age 53.9 ± 9.7 years. OSA was diagnosed with polysomnography and the continuous positive airway pressure therapy has been indicated according to current guidelines. Then were evaluated parameters of OSA (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), % of sleep time <90% SpO₂, average night SpO₂). Patients also underwent physical examination including office blood pressure measurement, 24 h blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and measurement of anthropometric parameters.ResultsFollowing average values were present in OSA patients (mean value and standard deviation): AHI 54.6 ± 22.7, ODI 58.3 ± 24, % of sleep time < 90% SpO₂ 35.4 ± 25.1, average night SpO₂ 88.8 ± 5. Masked hypertension was present in 55 (56.7%) patients, nocturnal hypertension in 79 (81.4%) patients. Arterial hypertension was appropriately compensated in only 15 (15.5%) patients. Results have not shown any statistically significant correlation between prevalence of nocturnal hypertension and AHI (p = 0.059), % of sleep time <90% SpO₂ (p = 0.516), average night SpO₂ (p = 0.167). ODI was significantly higher in patients with nocturnal hypertension (p = 0.002). No correlation between prevalence of masked hypertension and AHI (p = 0.841), ODI (p = 0.137), average night SpO₂ (p = 0.991) and % of sleep time <90% SpO₂ (p = 0.896) has been present.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated high prevalence of masked and nocturnal hypertension in patients with OSA, which can considerably increase risks of cardiovascular diseases in these patients.     

血清PTX-3、PGRN与合并OSAHS的高血压病患者血压变异性的关系

目的探讨血清正五聚蛋白3(PTX-3)、颗粒蛋白前体(PGRN)与合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的高血压病患者血压变异性的关系。方法选取241例高血压病合并OSAHS患者,根据呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI),将患者分成轻度组(n=136)、中度组(n=45)和重度组(n=60)。比较三组患者血清指标和血压变异性的差异,应用Pearson分析血清PTX-3和PGRN水平与血压变异性的相关性,线性回归分析血压变异的危险因素。结果合并不同程度OSAHS患者夜间血压变异性各指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组患者血清PTX-3和PGRN水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清PTX-3与夜间收缩压标准差(nSSD)(r=0.484,P<0.001)和夜间舒张压标准差(nDSD)呈正相关(r=0.349,P<0.001);血清PGRN与nSSD(r=0.361,P<0.001)和nDSD呈正相关(r=0.301,P<0.001)。PTX-3和PGRN增加是nSSD、nDSD升高的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论血清PTX-3和PGRN与高血压病合并OSAHS患者夜间血压变异性呈正相关,并且二者表达升高是夜间血压变异增加的危险因素。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者炎症因子与高血压的相关性

目的：探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（0SAHS）患者炎症因子的水平与合并高血压的相关性。方法：根据24h动态血压和多导睡眠图（PSG）监测结果将84例受检者分为正常对照组（n=22）、单纯高血压组（HT组,n=31）和中重度OSAHS合并高血压组（OSAHS＋HT组,n=31）。OSAHS诊断根据PSG监测结果,血压监测采用24h动态血压监测仪．以酶联免疫吸附法测定白细胞介素18（IL—18）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）及血管细胞黏附分子1（VCAM-1）的浓度。结果：①OSAHS＋HT组巾非杓型血压的发生率为62％,明显高于HT组的31％（P〈0．05）。②OSAHS＋HT组24h、白天、夜间平均脉压[分别为（50．5±11．8）mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）、（51．4±10．9）mmHg、（52．2±15．8）mmHg]明显高于HT组[分别为（45．9±6．9）mmHg、（48．1±8．1）mmHg、（43．9±6．7）mmH朗（均P〈0．05）。③OSAHS＋HT组的IL-18、hs—CRP、TNF—α、VCAM—1浓度明显高于HT组和正常对照组;HT组的IL-18、hs-CRP、TNF—d、VCAM-1浓度明显高于正常对照组（均P〈0．05）。④OSAHS＋HT组的hs—CRP和VCAM-1浓度变化与呼吸紊乱指数、氧减饱和度呈正相关（P〈0．01）。结论：中重度OSAHS患者存在明显炎症反应,可能与其血压昼夜节律及脉压的变化相关。