A comparative study of Cardi‐O‐Fix septal occluder versus Amplatzer septal occluder in percutaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defects

Aim: We sought to investigate the safety and efficacy of Cardio‐O‐Fix septal occluder (CSO) in percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects (ASD) as compared to the Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO). Methods: A consecutive of 351 patients received transcatheter ASD closure with CSO or ASO from July 2004 to October 2010 were studied. The ASDs were divided into simple‐ (isolated defects <26 mm) or complex‐types (isolated defect ≥26 mm, double or multifenestrated defects). The procedures were guided by fluoroscopy and transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography. Clinical and echocardiographic follow‐ups were arranged before discharge, at 1 month and then every 6‐month after implantation. Results: During the study period, 185 (125 males, aged 18.5 ± 15.6 years) and 166 (103 males, aged 21.0 ± 15.7 years) patients attempted CSO and ASO implants, respectively. The CSO group had similar ASD and device sizes, prevalence of complex lesions (17 vs. 16%, P = 0.796), procedural times and success rates (97% vs. 96%, P = 0.635) as compared to the ASO group. Acute residual shunts were less prevalent in CSO than ASO group and most shunts closed spontaneously at 6‐month follow‐ups. The average equipment cost per patient was lower in CSO group (US$ 4,100 vs. US$ 5,900, P < 0.001). The prevalence of device embolization and atrial arrhythmia (all <2%) were similar in both patient groups. Conclusion: Transcatheter ASD occlusion with CSO is safe and effective and it appeared to be an attractive alternative to ASO in closing simple‐type ASD because of its relatively low cost. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

老年房间隔缺损患者经导管封堵治疗的可行性及疗效

目的　探讨经导管封堵治疗老年房间隔缺损患者的可行性及疗效。方法　 19例年龄≥ 6 0岁的老年房间隔缺损患者 ,术前经胸超声测量房间隔缺损直径为 10～ 34(2 4 .4± 8.2 )mm ,其中 3例患者为双孔型房间隔缺损。 11例患者合并心房颤动或阵发性心房颤动。X线胸片示心胸比例均 >0 .5 (0 .5 2～ 0 .70 )。术前心功能 (NYHA分级 )Ⅱ级8例 ,Ⅲ级 9例 ,Ⅳ级 2例。所有患者均在局麻下 ,应用X线透视和经胸心脏超声引导行房间隔缺损封堵术。结果术中测肺动脉平均压力 2 1～ 4 7mmHg(1mmHg=0 .133kPa) ,其中肺动脉平均压力 >2 5mmHg者 16例。所有患者均用Amplatzer房间隔缺损封堵器或国产双盘状封堵器一次封堵治疗成功。所用封堵器直径为 14～ 38mm。 3例双孔型缺损 ,2例用 2 8mm和 32mm封堵器一并封堵 ,另 1例用直径 14mm和直径 2 6mm的封堵器封堵成功。所有患者于术后 5～ 7d行经胸心脏超声检查 ,无残余分流。术后患者心功能明显改善 ,随访 1～ 30个月 ,无封堵器相关的并发症。结论　经导管封堵治疗老年房间隔缺损患者是一种安全有效的方法。     

Midterm follow‐up results of transcatheter treatment in patients with unroofed coronary sinus

Objective : We present the midterm results of transcatheter treatment of unroofed coronary sinus (CS) using the Amplatzer septal occluder. Background : The unroofed CS is a rare atrial septal defect communicating the left atrium and CS. Surgery has been the mainstay of treatment. Methods : In a 4.5‐year period, nine patients (five males) with ages ranging from 26 to 69 years (median 39 years) diagnosed with an unroofed CS but without a persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC) underwent transcatheter treatment. Computerized tomography (CT) was performed in eight patients. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was used to monitor the procedure. Results : The mean Qp/Qs ratio was 2.4 ± 1 and mean systolic pulmonary artery pressure was 35 ± 19 mm Hg. An Amplatzer septal occluder was deployed in all nine patients. The device was implanted in the defect in one patient and at the CS ostium in the other eight patients. The median device size used was 22 mm (16–28 mm). The left disc herniated into the CS in the single patient in whom the device was implanted within the defect. All patients were available for the 3‐month follow‐up. None had a residual shunt on the 3‐month follow‐up echocardiography. One patient died of a stroke 4.5 months after the procedure. At mean follow‐up of 42.6 ± 18.3 months, symptomatic improvement was documented in the remaining eight patients. All eight patients had an O₂ saturation above 96%. Conclusion : Transcatheter treatment for unroofed CS without persistent LSVC using Amplatzer septal occluder is safe and feasible. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

经静脉闭合房间隔缺损的疗效观察

目的 :评价经静脉置入 Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损 (ASD)的疗效。方法 :2 4例患者术前经多普勒超声心动图检查 ASD直径为 6～ 30 (18.96± 7.0 3) m m。在透视及经超声心动图引导下经静脉置入Am platzer封堵器闭合 ASD。结果 :2 4例 ASD直径的球囊测量值为 15～ 36 (2 6 .2 5± 7.5 7) mm ,选择的封堵器直径为 14～ 36 (2 6 .5 2± 7.15 ) m m。 2 4例封堵器置入均获得成功 ,术中无并发症 ,1例在术后第 3天出现 度 型房室传导阻滞 ,2周后恢复。 7例术后即刻超声检查显示微量残余分流 ,术后 1周复查均无分流。结论 :经静脉置入 Amplatzer封堵器治疗 ASD是一种有效的非外科手术方法。     

Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗多孔房间隔缺损

目的 :探讨 Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗多孔房间隔缺损的临床应用价值。方法 :全组患者 6（男 2 ,女 4）例 ,年龄 4～ 5 0岁 ,经 TTE或 TEE检查诊断为多孔房间隔缺损。均在 X线和 TTE或 TEE监测下经导管行 Amplatzer封堵器治疗。术后重复 TTE或 TEE、ECG及 X线平片检查以评价疗效。结果 :全组 6例患者 Amplatzer封堵器置入均获成功 ,术中无重要并发症发生。其中置入 1个封堵器的患者 5例 ,置入 2个封堵器的患者 1例。术后即刻TTE或 TEE检查 5例无残余分流 ,1例小缺损孔有少量残余分流 ,随访 1年中少量残余分流仍存在。1例肺动脉压中度增高患者 ,术后 3 0 min测量肺动脉压下降 >2 0 mm Hg。随访期间所有患者封堵器位置形态良好 ,未发现封堵器的变形 ,移位以及金属结构断裂等改变 ;右房 ,右室有不同程度的缩小 ,X线平片显示肺血有不同程度减少 ;术后ECG检查均未见心律失常发生。结论 :Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗多孔房间隔缺损是安全有效的。对于相隔距离较近的多孔房间隔缺损 ,可采用单个封堵器封堵 ;而相隔距离较远的缺损 ,可采用同时置入两个封堵器     

房间隔缺损并发心房纤颤患者应用Amplatzer伞封堵房缺后心房纤颤的电复律治疗

目的 :初步评价房间隔缺损并发心房纤颤患者应用 Am platzer伞封堵房间隔缺损后心房纤颤的电复律疗效。方法 :2例患者 （5 1～ 5 3岁 ）。在透视及食管超声心动图监视下经导管置入 Amplatzer伞封堵房间隔缺损。术后即时行超声心动图 ,术后 2 4h,和 1,3,6月 ,分别行经胸超声心动图评价房间隔缺损治疗效果。术后 6月行电复律。结果 :2例患者疗效均佳 ,房间隔未见残余分流 ,电复律成功 ,患者转为窦性心律 ,复律后无并发症及 Amplatzer伞移位。结论 :应用 Am platzer伞封堵房间隔缺损并发心房纤颤患者 ,电复律易成功 ,是一种安全有效的复律方法。     

Impact of Occluder Device Type on Success of Percutaneous Closure of Atrial Septal Defects–A Medium‐Term Follow‐up Study

Objective: To identify differences between various occluder types regarding thromboembolic event rates and existence of residual shunts during medium‐term follow‐up. Methods: Three hundred nine consecutive patients with presumed paradoxical embolism and scheduled for percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect between 1997 and 2006 were considered for this study. Device implantation failed in seven patients (nonstable device position), so 302 patients (46 ± 12 years, 190 males) formed the study group using Amplatzer? (n = 208), Starflex? (n = 61), and Cardiastar? (n = 33) occluders. Follow‐up transesophageal echocardiography was performed 1, 3, and 6 months after implantation. Results: Periinterventional complications occurred in two patients (cardiac arrhythmias). There were more residual shunts in the Starflex? and Cardiastar? group than in the Amplatzer? group at 6‐month follow‐up (8/61 vs. 7/33 vs. 8/208, P = 0.0005). Performing logistic regression, the type of occluder device was a significant risk factor for the presence of residual shunt 6 months after implantation (P = 0.0033; Cardiastar? vs. Amplatzer? OR 6.346, 95% CI 1.998 – 20.156; Starflex? vs. Amplatzer? OR 4.369, 95% CI 1.444 – 13.222). During mean follow‐up of 31 ± 8 months 16 recurrent thromboembolic events occurred; the annual recurrence was 2.1% for combined end‐point stroke, TIA, and peripheral embolism (Amplatzer?: 1.3%, Starflex?: 3.9%, and Cardiastar?: 3.6%, P = 0.0467). The presence of an atrial septal aneurysm was the only significant risk factor (P = 0.0168, OR 3.664, 95% CI 1.263 – 10.630) for the occurrence of thromboembolic events. Conclusions: Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect is a safe procedure with little incidence of peri‐ and postprocedural complications. There is a significant difference between the Amplatzer?, Cardiastar?, and Starflex? occluders in regard to complete closure of the defects and annual recurrence of thromboembolic events.     

经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图在房间隔缺损经导管封堵术中的应用价值

目的探讨经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图(TTE)在房间隔缺损(ASD)经心导管封堵治疗中的应用价值。方法应用TTE选择适于行Amplatzer式封堵术的继发孔型ASD患者27例，在TTE监测引导下经右心导管应用房间隔封堵器关闭ASD。结果26例ASD获成功封堵，术后即刻、1天、1个月和3个月TTE检查显示封堵器位置稳定良好，无残余分流。结论在TTE引导下行ASD封堵术是一种简便、可靠和安全的方法。     

Is routine ultrasound guidance really necessary for closure of patent foramen ovale using the Amplatzer PFO occluder?

Objectives:

The aim of the study was to evaluate safety, efficacy, and long‐term clinical outcome of percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO closure) in a low volume center using the Amplatzer PFO occluder without echocardiographic guidance.

Background:

Most centers perform PFO closure either by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) or intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) guidance for optimal device selection. As TEE is poorly tolerated by patients in supine position and ICE is a costly alternative that increases vascular access complications, we wanted to assess the safety and efficacy of PFO closure by fluoroscopic guidance only.

Methods:

Before PFO closure, all patients had a diagnostic contrast‐TEE and morphological classification of PFO. All PFO closures were performed using the 25‐mm Amplatzer PFO occluder with fluoroscopic guidance only. Intraprocedural echocardiography was replaced by right atrial opacification using contrast angiography. Contrast TEE was done after 6 weeks, contrast TTE after 3, 6, and 12 months postprocedural.

Results:

In all 92 patients (52.4 ± 1.5 years), a 25‐mm Amplatzer PFO occluder was implanted in the correct position. Total fluoroscopic time was 8.4 ± 0.6 minutes and the application of contrast medium was 122.5 ± 5.8 mL. By contrast‐TEE, 12 patients (13 %) showed a small residual shunt (grade 1). During follow‐up (2.09 ± 0.13 years) two patients (2.1%) suffered from a recurrent event (TIA in both cases).

Conclusions:

Percutaneous closure of PFO using the 25‐mm Amplatzer PFO occluder guided by fluoroscopy only is a safe and efficacious intervention for nearly all patients. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects with the Amplatzer septal occluder--a Japanese clinical trial.

This study reports the results of a Japanese clinical trial of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects (ASD) using the Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO). Thirty-five patients with secundum ASD underwent transcatheter closure using the ASO at a median age of 12.9 years (range, 3.2-29.2 years) and a median weight of 39.2kg (range, 11.6-65.1 kg). The ASO was successfully implanted in 34 patients. The mean ASD diameter of the 34 patients measured by transesophageal echocardiography was 11.7 +/- 4.2mm (range, 5.0-20.8mm) and the mean balloon stretched diameter was 16.8 +/- 4.2 mm (range, 9-25 mm). The mean ASO size was 16.9 +/- 4.3 mm (range, 9-26mm). Complete closure rate at 1 day and 1 year after closure was 91% and 97%, respectively. One patient developed a transient second-degree atrioventricular block during the implantation procedure. No other complications occurred. Transcatheter closure of ASD using the ASO is effective and safe.     

A biodegradable device (BioSTAR™) for atrial septal defect closure in children

Background : Percutaneous closure of atrial defects (ASD) has evolved as the treatment of choice for the majority of defects and patent oval foramens. The BioSTAR? biodegradable implant avoids many issues associated with devices containing substantial amounts of metal. Methods : Reviewed was a consecutive series of 10 ASD occlusions in a pediatric population with the BioSTAR biodegradable device. All implantations were performed by one operator. The inclusion criterion was a balloon stretched ASD diameter of ≤16 mm. Procedural data and acute and early‐term closure rates were retrospectively matched to a cohort of children having defect closure using the Amplatzer Septal Occluder? (ASO?). Results : Acute and 6 month follow up closure rates for the BioSTAR were 90% and 100% vs. 100% and 100% closure with the ASO implants. There was a statistically significant difference in the median procedure time (52 min: BioSTAR; 39.5 min: ASO device, P < 0.05), with fluoroscopy times slightly longer for the BioSTAR group (6.7 min vs. 6.1 min, P = ns). There were no significant complications in either group. Conclusions : The BioSTAR implant can achieve comparable closure rates to the ASO in small‐ to moderate‐atrial septal defects with only a minimal skeleton of foreign material remaining after 6 months. Longer fluoroscopy and procedure times were a drawback; however, these should improve with familiarity with the implant and deployment system. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

介入治疗先天性心脏病118例近期疗效评价

目的：评价应用国产封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭（PDA）、房间隔缺损（ASD）室间隔缺损（VSD）的近期疗效及安全性。方法：118例先天性心脏病患者（PDA24例，ASD48例，VSD46例）均在X线透视及经胸超声心动图监视下经导管置入封堵器治疗PDA、ASD和VSD。结果：全组封堵成功率98．3％，所有封堵成功的患者均于术后24h、7d、1月和3月行经胸超声心动图检查，均无残余分流。结论：经导管置入封堵器是治疗PDA、ASD和VSD的一种操作简便、成功率高、疗效可靠的介入方法。     

Closure of Atrial Septal Defects With the Amplatzer Occlusion Device: Preliminary Results

Objectives. This study reports our clinical experience with transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs) in children, using the Amplatzer, a new occlusion device.Background. None of the devices previously used for transcatheter closure of interatrial communications has gained wide acceptance.Methods. We examined the efficacy and safety of the Amplatzer, a new self-centering septal occluder that consists of two round disks made of Nitinol wire mesh and linked together by a short connecting waist. Sixteen patients with secundum ASD met established two- and three-dimensional echocardiographic and cardiac catheterization criteria for transcatheter closure. The Amplatzer’s size was chosen to be equal to or 1 mm less than the stretched diameter. The device was advanced transvenously into a 7F long guiding sheath and deployed under fluoroscopic and ultrasound guidance. Once its position was optimal, it was released.Results. The mean ASD diameter by transesophageal echocardiography was 14.1 ± 2.3 mm and was significantly smaller (p < 0.001) than the stretched diameter of the ASD (16.8 ± 2.4 mm). The mean device diameter was 16.6 ± 2.3 mm. No complications were observed. After deployment of the prosthesis, there was no residual shunt in 13 (81.3%) of 16 patients. In three patients there was trivial residual shunt immediately after the procedure that had disappeared in two of them at the 3-month follow-up.Conclusions. The Amplatzer is an efficient prosthesis that can be safely applied in children with secundum ASD. However, a study including a large number of patients and a longer follow-up period are required before this technique can be widely used.     

Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects under echocardiographic guidance without X-ray: initial experiences.

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects is performed under fluoroscopy, but echocardiography has gained an important role in the procedure. With the new Amplatzer Septal Occluder a device has become available which is easy to implant with minimal fluoroscopy time. We developed an interventional procedure with this device under transesophageal echocardiography alone without fluoroscopy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four patients (3 to 16 years of age, bodyweight 14 to 60 kg) with atrial septal defects centrally located in the oval fossa were elected for transcatheter closure. After sedation with midazolam and propofol a diagnostic and interventional catheterization was performed in all cases without fluoroscopy. Oxymetric shunt was Qp: Qs = 1.7 (1.5 to 2.1). Under transesophageal echocardiography, the defects were sized over the wire with a balloon catheter. Mean balloon stretched diameter was 10 mm (7 to 14 mm). Under transesophageal echocardiography an Amplatzer Septal Occluder was placed into the defect. In two patients this was achieved with a 5 MHz monoplane pediatric transducer, in two patients a 10mm 5 MHz multiplane probe was used. Complete closure was achieved in all patients and no complications were encountered. CONCLUSION: We conclude that in selected cases with an atrial septal defect located in the oval fossa and clear-cut echocardiographic findings, an Amplatzer Septal Occluder can be safely deployed under echocardiographic guidance alone.     

Two‐stage percutaneous closure of paravalvular leak in a patient with stentless aortic bioprosthesis

We report a case of successful 2‐stage percutaneous closure of severe paravalvular leak (PVL) in a patient with stentless aortic bioprosthesis. Threat of pliable prosthesis compression and long course of PVL posed main considerations. Accordingly, Amplatzer vascular plug (AVP) 2 was chosen as occluder. It was delivered transfemorally under fluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiography guidance. No prosthesis distortion was provoked at the expense of moderate residual leak. Its symptoms after 3 months spurred another AVP 2 implantation, which lead to PVL closure with no effect on valve area. Marked reduction of left ventricle cavity size and NT‐proBNP plasma concentration was promptly noted and remains stable in 12‐month follow‐up. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Percutaneous PFO Closure with Amplatzer PFO Occluder: Predictors of Residual Shunts at 6 Months Follow‐up

Objective. The objective of this study was to assess predictors of residual shunts after percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure with Amplatzer PFO occluder (AGA Medical Corporation, Golden Valley, MN, USA). Methods. All percutaneous PFO closures, using Amplatzer PFO occluder performed at a tertiary center between May 2002 and August 2006, were reviewed. Follow‐up, including saline contrast transesophageal echocardiography, was performed in all patients 6 months after the intervention. Patients. A total of 135 procedures were performed. Mean age of the patients was 51 years. The indication for PFO closure was an ischemic cerebrovascular event in 92%, paradoxical systemic embolism in 4%, and a diving accident in 4%. Recurrent events prior to PFO closure were noted in 34%. A concomitant atrial septal aneurysm was present in 61%. Results. At 6 months follow‐up, a residual shunt was detected in 26 patients (19%). Residual shunts were more common in patients with an atrial septal aneurysm (27 vs. 8%, P= .01) and in patients treated with a 35‐mm compared with a 25‐mm device (39 vs. 15%, P= .01). A concomitant atrial septal aneurysm remained independently associated with residual shunts when controlled for body mass index, gender, age, atrial dimensions, and presence of a Chiari network (odds ratio 4.1, 95% confidence intervals 1.1–15.0). Conclusion. The presence of atrial septal aneurysms in patients undergoing percutaneous PFO closure with an Amplatzer PFO occluder significantly increases the rate of residual shunts at 6 months follow‐up, even if 35‐mm devices are used.     

Long‐Term Outcomes of Device Closure of Very Large Secundum Atrial Septal Defects: A Comparison of Transcatheter vs Intraoperative Approaches

Background:

Transcatheter device closure (TCDC) and intraoperative device closure (IODC) have emerged as minimally invasive methods in the treatment of secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs), but the long‐term safety and efficacy remains uncertain for the large ASDs.

Hypothesis:

TCDC may be as safe and efficacious as IODC for closure of large ASDs in terms of long‐term clinical outcomes.

Methods:

Ninety‐two patients who had ASDs with a defect diameter of ≥30 mm were included in this study. The patients received either TCDC (n = 42) or IODC (n = 50). An Amplatzer septal occluder was used in both groups. The dumbbell‐like device deploying technique was introduced in the TCDC group. Physical exams, electrocardiography, and echocardiography were performed preprocedurally and postprocedurally at the index follow‐up visits.

Results:

The procedural immediate success rate was 97.6% for TCDC and 98.0% for IODC (P = 0.328). The rate of periprocedural complications was 9.5% for TCDC and 28.0% for IODC (P = 0.026). The mean hospital stay was 7.5 ± 2.7 days for TCDC and 11.9 ± 3.8 days for IODC (P < 0.001). For the mean follow‐up of 5.4 ± 0.5 years, there were no cardiac deaths and late complications in either group. No significant residual shunts were documented, and symptoms were significantly improved in both groups. Right and left ventricular diameter, pulmonary artery diameter, and pulmonary systolic pressure were all significantly decreased in both groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The present study confirmed the long‐term safety and efficacy for closing a large ASD either by TCDC or IODC. Either of them could become an effective alternative to the surgery for large ASD closure. The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.     

彩色超声心动图监测经导管蘑菇伞堵闭房间隔缺损的作用评价

目的 使用彩色超声心动图监测经导管蘑菇伞堵闭先天性心脏病房间隔缺损(ASD)。方法 使用彩色超声心动图仪器对14岁以下小儿经食道,成人经胸术中监测,指导操作者安置封堵器的合适方位。当双盘蘑菇伞腰部卡在ASD内,两盘则分别在左、右房侧时,彩色超声心动图监测无残余分流后结束堵闭术,术后24小时再次进行彩色超声心动图检查。结果 37例中,36例1次堵闭成功,1例失败。结论 在经导管蘑菇伞堵闭ASD中,彩色超声心动图监测很重要。     

Five‐year Follow‐up of Intracardiac Echocardiography‐assisted Transcatheter Closure of Complex Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect

Objective. We sought to prospectively evaluate long‐term follow‐up results of intracardiac echocardiography‐aided transcatheter closure of complex atrial septal defects (ASD) in the adults. Design and Settings. Prospective multicenter registry in tertiary care hospitals. Patients and Interventions. Over a 5‐year period, we prospectively enrolled 56 patients (mean age 49 ± 16.7 years, 24 females) who have been referred to our center for catheter‐based closure of complex secundum ASD (>25 mm diameter, deficiency of ≥1 rim, multiple secundum ASD, multiperforated ASD, associated incomplete floor of the fossa ovalis with or without aneurysm, embryonic remnants of incomplete atrial septation). All patients were screened by means of transesophageal echocardiography before the operation. Eligible patients underwent intracardiac echocardiography study and closure attempt. Results. Forty patients underwent a transcatheter closure attempt: transesophageal echocardiography‐planned device type and size were modified in 32 patients (64%). Rates of procedural success, predischarge occlusion, and major complications rate were 100%, 90%, and 2%, respectively. On mean follow‐up of 5.4 ± 1.8 years, the follow‐up occlusion rate was 98%. During follow‐up, only one case of permanent atrial fibrillation was observed. There were no cases of aortic/atrial erosion, device thrombosis, or new atrioventricular valve dysfunction. Conclusions. Intracardiac echocardiography‐guided complex secundum ASD transcatheter closure is safe and effective and appears to have excellent long‐term results, thus minimizing potential complications resulting from the complex anatomy.     

采用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗继发孔房间隔缺损的并发症的防治

目的　探讨经导管植入Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔房间隔缺损 (ASD)的并发症发生的原因及其防治方法。方法　对 710例采用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗继发孔房间隔缺损的患者中术中及术后 (随访 1个月～ 7年 )发生并发症的 5 3例患者作回顾性分析 ,将其分为与心脏有关的并发症组、局部血管并发症组及其他组。结果　全组并发症总发生率为 7 5 % (5 3/ 710 ) ,其中与心脏有关的并发症有 2 7例 (3 8% ) ,2 7例中心电图改变 2 3例 ,包括ST段抬高 15例 ,心房颤动 4例 ,Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞、阵发性室上性心动过速、房性心动过速及房室分离各 1例 ;另外 ,残余分流 3例 (0 4 2 % ) ,主动脉 右房瘘 1例 (0 14 % )。局部血管并发症 6例 (0 85 % ) ,包括股动静脉瘘 5例 ,髂股静脉痉挛 1例。其他并发症 2 0例 (2 8% ) ,包括头痛 17例 ,封堵器脱落 2例 ,封堵器脱载 1例。紧急手术 2例 (0 2 8% )。本组无死亡病例。结论　采用Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔房间隔缺损并发症的发生率低 ,但晚期严重并发症应引起高度重视 ,严格地定期随访是十分必要的。